Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): The use of care robots in aged care: A systematic review of argument-based ethics literature. In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 74, S. 15-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.014 Abstract: BACKGROUND As care robots become more commonplace in aged-care settings, the ethical debate on their use becomes increasingly important. Our objective was to examine the ethical arguments and underlying concepts used in the ethical debate on care robot use in aged care. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search for argument-based ethics publications focusing on care robot use in aged-care practices. We used an innovative methodology that consisted of three steps: (a) identifying conceptual-ethical questions, (b) conducting a literature search, and (c) identifying, describing and analyzing the ethical arguments in connection with the conceptual-ethical questions. RESULTS Twenty-eight appropriate publications were identified. All were published between 2002 and 2016. Four primary ethical approaches were distinguished: (a) a deontological, (b) a principlist, (c) an objective-list, and (d) a care-ethical. All approaches were equally represented across the articles, and all used similar concepts that grounded their diverse ethical arguments. A small group of publications could not be linked to an ethical approach. CONCLUSIONS All included publications presented a strong ethical rationale based on fully elaborated normative arguments. Although the reviewed studies used similar grounding concepts, the studies' arguments were very diverse and sometimes diametrically opposed. Our analysis shows how one envisions care robot use in aged-care settings is influenced by how one views the traditional boundaries of the ethical landscape in aged care. We suggest that an ethical analysis of care robot use employs "democratic spaces," in which all stakeholders in aged care, especially care recipients, have a voice in the ethical debate.
2015
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(2015): Reconsidering Respect for Persons in a Globalizing World. In: Developing world bioethics 15 (2), S. 98-106. DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12045
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24720355 Abstract: Contemporary clinical ethics was founded on principlism, and the four principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, remain dominant in medical ethics discourse and practice. These principles are held to be expansive enough to provide the basis for the ethical practice of medicine across cultures. Although principlism remains subject to critique and revision, the four-principle model continues to be taught and applied across the world. As the practice of medicine globalizes, it remains critical to examine the extent to which both the four-principle framework, and individual principles among the four, suffice patients and practitioners in different social and cultural contexts. Using the four-principle model we analyze two accounts of surrogate decision making - one from the developed and one from the developing world - in which the clinician undertakes medical decision-making with apparently little input from the patient and/or family. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight challenges in assessing ethical behaviour according to the principlist model. We next describe cultural expectations and mores that inform both patient and clinician behaviors in these scenarios in order to argue that the principle of respect for persons informed by culture-specific ideas of personhood may offer an improved ethical construct for analyzing and guiding medical practice in a globalized and plural world.
Keywords: Beneficence, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Clinical Decision-Making/ethics, Cultural Characteristics, culture specific, Decision Making, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Ethical Analysis, Ethics, Medical, Family/ethnology/psychology, Humans, Internationality, Interviews as Topic, Islam, kulturspezifisch, Medizin, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pakistan, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Physician-Patient Relations/ethics, Principle-Based Ethics, respect, Respekt, Transcultural Nursing, United States
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