Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups. In: Social Psychology 49 (3), S. 125-134. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000329
Abstract: Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design and found that the association between animal-related words and outgroups was more prevalent in comparison to ingroups. The participants of Study 3 selected a larger number of animal-related words to describe the outgroups than their own groups. Results revealed that the tendency to animalize is a process that begins during early childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2018) : Culture and peer relationships. In: Bukowski, William Michael; Laursen, Brett; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.): Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups.: New York: Guilford Press, S. 552-570
Abstract: Over the past several decades, there has been increased interest in culture and children’s peer relationships. The findings from various research programs have clearly indicated that cultural contexts play a significant role in shaping children’s experiences in peer interactions and relationships. Cultural beliefs and values provide guidance for how peers judge and evaluate specific behaviors that children display in interactions. Social judgments and evaluations, in turn, serve to regulate children’s behaviors and eventually affect their developmental outcomes. In addition to social evaluation and regulation processes, culture determines, in part, the features and functions of dyadic and group relationships. In this chapter, we review and discuss the issues involved in the study of cultural diversity as it relates to peer interactions and relationships. The main theme of the chapter is the understanding of cultural involvement in the organization of peer relationsh ips. We first discuss various theoretical issues concerning cultural values, children’s social functioning, and peer relationships. Then we review the literature on children’s social behaviors in peer interactions in different cultural contexts. In the following sections, we review and discuss how cultural factors may be involved in determining the structural and functional features of friendships, peer groups, and popularity. Our chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions in the study of culture and peer relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 42
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(2018): They did it again!. Social control responses to repeated incidences of deviance in small groups / ¡Lo han vuelto a hacer! Respuestas de control social a la incidencia repetida de la desviación en grupos pequeños. In: Revista de Psicología Social 33 (3), S. 578-619. DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2018.1482055
Abstract: Deviant group members who break group norms often challenge social validity and group locomotion, invoking varying types of social control responses. The current study (N = 95) investigated changes over time in the use of four social control responses of varying severity (persuasion, embarrassment, temporary exclusion and permanent exclusion) employed in response to deviance. It also tested the roles that perceived effectiveness of and social support for various responses play in response selection. Findings show severity of social control response selection is driven by both pragmatic and identity-based concerns: Over time, responses become more severe, driven in part by effectiveness and social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Moral foundations of positive and negative intergroup behavior. Moral exclusion fills the gap. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 64, S. 67-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.03.006
Abstract: Personal criteria about the morally appropriate forms of behavior can be crucial when coming into contact with members of culturally different outgroups. In our study, we investigated whether moral exclusion mediates the relationship between moral foundations and positive and negative behavioral intentions toward Muslim people. Our aim was to identify the psychological mechanism that explains why particular people intend to harm (or not harm), and help (or not help) members of particular outgroups. Using survey data from an online questionnaire, structural equation modeling and mediation analysis showed that individualizing moral foundations had a negative relationship with negative behavioral intentions and a positive relationship with positive intentions towards Muslim people. Binding moral foundations showed the opposite connection with behavioral intentions. The relationship between moral foundations and intergroup behavioral intentions was mediated by moral exclusion. These results imply that moral intuitions form the basis of behavioral intentions toward a culturally different outgroup both directly and by influencing whether or not the outgroup is worthy of moral concern.
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(2018): Organizational socialization of newcomers. The role of professional socialization. In: International Journal of Training and Development 22 (2), S. 87-106. DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12120 Abstract: Organizational socialization is the process through which newcomers learn the requisite social and task knowledge in order to resolve role uncertainty and become organizational insiders. Successful socialization of newcomers implies better retention of employees, higher productivity, and reduced recruitment and training costs. Many organizational newcomers undergo professional socialization through education and related work experience during their schooling. These newcomers may respond differently to an organization's efforts to socialize them when compared with newcomers without any related professional education or work experience. The importance of prior work experience and professional education for organizational socialization of newcomers, however, has received attention only recently. The aim of the research reported in this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of prior related work experience and professional education on the relationship between organi zational socialization tactics and newcomer's adjustment. The study was conducted with a sample of new graduates from an Asian university. Findings show that prior related work experience and professional education moderate the effects of socialization tactics on newcomer's role clarity, role conflict and organizational commitment. The moderators have effects on different outcomes and in opposite directions. The paper discusses theoretical and practical implications of these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): On the social appropriateness of discrimination
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the relationship between discriminatory behaviour and the perceived social appropriateness of discrimination. We test the framework of Akerlof and Kranton (2000,2005), which suggests discrimination will be stronger when social norms favour it. Our results support this prediction. Using a Krupka-Weber social norm elicitation task, we find participants perceive it to be more socially appropriate to discriminate on the basis of social identities artificially induced, using a trivial minimal group technique, than on the basis of nationality. Correspondingly, we find that participants discriminate more in the artificial identity setting. Our results suggest norms and the preference to comply with them affect discriminatory decisions and that the social inappropriateness of discrimination can be a moderator of discriminatory behaviour.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), CEDEX, Diskrimination, Diskriminatives Verhalten, Diskriminierung, economics, Entscheidungsforschung, Gruppenverhalten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Norm, wahrgenommene Angemessenheit von Diskrimination -
(2018) : Gender and peer relationships. In: Bukowski, William Michael; Laursen, Brett; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.): Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups.: New York: Guilford Press, S. 571-589
Abstract: In this chapter, we provide contemporary theoretical and empirical information about the role of gender in the peer relations of children and adolescents. We begin by reviewing theoretical perspectives. These theories consider the development of sex-linked peer relationship processes and the impact of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships on their psychological adjustment. In regard to empirical research, research methods used to examine the role of gender in peer relationships are described. In addition, studies are reviewed that describe the nature of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships, including the tendency to segregate by sex and to engage in different activities. Finally, we consider the implications of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships, and their experiences in mixed-sex networks and friendships, on their emotional and behavioral adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Highly identified power-holders feel responsible. The interplay between social identification and social power within groups. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (1), S. 112-129. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12225
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983928 Abstract: Power relations affect dynamics within groups. Power-holders' decisions not only determine their personal outcomes, but also the outcomes of others in the group that they control. Yet, power-holders often tend to overlook this responsibility to take care of collective interests. The present research investigated how social identification - with the group to which both the powerful and the powerless belong - alters perceived responsibility among power-holders (and the powerless). Combining research on social power and social identity, we argue that power-holders perceive more responsibility than the powerless when strongly (rather than when weakly) identifying with the group. A study among leaders and an experiment supported this, highlighting that although power-holders are often primarily concerned about personal outcomes, they do feel responsible for considering others' interests when these others are included in the (social) self.
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(2018) : Social groups. In: Ludwig, Kirk; Janković, Marija (Hg.): The Routledge handbook of collective intentionality: London; New York: Routledge (Routledge handbooks in philosophy), S. 277-289
Abstract: In this chapter, I outline rival positions on the ontology of social groups, ontological individualism and realism (or holism). Ontological individualism maintains that ultimately we need only refer to individual persons and their relations when describing the social world (i.e. the domain of human interaction), offering explanations of social phenomena, forming judgments or developing theories. Realism or holism by contrast is the thesis that reference to social groups is ineliminable from such discourse and that they are entities in their own right. A social group is a type of object over which we quantify in our folk and formal social scientific discourses. Next I explain two key points of dispute between individualism and holism. First, can groups be identified with sets of individuals? Second, can talk of social groups be wholly analyzed in terms of reference to individuals and their relations? If the answer to either of these questions is 'yes,' then it is possible for individuals (in relations) to enjoy the kind of explanatory priority which eviscerates holism of substance or interest. I sketch reasons why the answer to each is 'no' and propose there is at least a prima facie case to prefer holism. Third, I consider whether shared or collective intentions are necessary for individuals to constitute a social group and present reasons to show that they are not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Punishing an “unfair” leader. People as pragmatic politicians with in-group but fair-but-biased prosecutors with out-group. In: IIMB Management Review, S. 77-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.01.002 Abstract: Contrary to the fairness expected in the modern world, people seem to treat in-group members (us) better than out-group members (them). Do people then defend in-group members as politicians but prosecute out-group members in a fair-but-biased manner? Given information about injustices by a male or female manager, participants made outrage, attribution, attitude, and punishment responses to the manager. In-group defence held in the first three responses but fairness in punishment. However, the seeming fairness in punishment arose from bias suppression by outrage and mediation by attitude, and the order of mediation was from outrage to attitude and not vice versa.
2017
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(2017): Kommunikation, Interaktion und soziale Gruppenprozesse. 1. Auflage. Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie)
Abstract: Ausgehend von einem Beispiel für ein soziales Dilemma wird ein Überblick über die sozialpsychologische Forschung zu Kooperation und Wettbewerb in sozialen Dilemmata gegeben. Nach einer Klärung der wesentlichen Begriffe (Kooperation, Wettbewerb, Altruismus, Boshaftigkeit) werden folgende Aspekte behandelt: (1) Die bekanntesten Zwei-Personen-Dilemmata (das Gefangenendilemma; "Assurance"-Spiel; "Chicken"-Spiel). (2) Mehr-Personen-Dilemmata (das Dilemma öffentlicher Güter; Team-Games). (3) Fairness und Kooperation. Abschließend werden zentrale Ergebnisse der Forschung über soziale Dilemmata kritisch gewürdigt und Probleme und offene Fragen werden diskutiert.
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(2017): Time to go!. Leaving the group in response to norm-deviations. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 73, S. 259-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2017.07.005
Abstract: Investigated under which conditions group members' reactions to an ingroup deviation consist of escape of confrontation. In Study 1, 126 participants (mean age 22 years) were asked to recall a situation in which another member of their ingroup had deviated from expectations, which had either been accepted or not accepted by other group members. Participants rated deviation severity, identity subversion, confrontation, and leaving. Study 2 investigated the role of identification with the group in the development of escape intentions in response to norm deviations. 499 participants (mean age 24 years) indicated the extent of their social identification with their university. Then, they were presented severe deviations vs. normative behavior shown by a leader and completed another measure of social identification in addition to the variables from Study 1. Results of both studies showed that deviations accepted by a number of ingroup members or exhibited by a leader predicted escape behavior. This effect was mediated by higher identity subversion in Studies 1 and 2 and by lower group identity in Study 2. All deviations were observed to lead to confrontation tendencies, which was also mediated by an increased identity subversion. It is concluded that ingroup members escape situations when a deviation is norm-changing.
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(2017): Justice and Fairness in Negotiation. In: Group Decision and Negotiation 26 (1), S. 9-17. DOI: 10.1007/s10726-016-9496-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9496-4 Abstract: In this special issue we display a variety of approaches to the study of justice. Articles from scholars working on questions involving justice and fairness in decision making exchanges calls attention to a variety of research approaches, issue domains, cases and hypotheses used to explore these questions. All of the contributions emphasize analysis, using quantitative and qualitative methods including simulation-experiments, comparative case studies, statistical analyses and game theory. The articles in this collection reveal that justice and fairness concerns extend from the negotiation process to the outcome and into the implementation stage. They share the underlying expectation that individuals and groups gravitate toward fairness and justice in their exchanges with others. Therefore, a full understanding of group decision processes will be incomplete if justice and fairness issues are not considered alongside issues such as power distributions and alternatives to an agreeme nt. The authors also suggest that outcomes built on justice and fairness principles will enhance the efficiency, stability and implementation of the negotiated agreements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): When is it appropriate to reprimand a norm violation? The roles of anger, behavioral consequences, violation severity, and social distance.. In: Judgment and Decision Making 12 (4), S. 396-407
Abstract: Experiments on economic games typically fail to find positive reputational effects of using peer punishment of selfish behavior in social dilemmas. Theorists had expected positive reputational effects because of the potentially beneficial consequences that punishment may have on norm violators’ behavior. Going beyond the game-theoretic paradigm, we used vignettes to study how various social factors influence approval ratings of a peer who reprimands a violator of a group-beneficial norm. We found that ratings declined when punishers showed anger, and this effect was mediated by perceived aggressiveness. Thus the same emotions that motivate peer punishers may make them come across as aggressive, to the detriment of their reputation. However, the negative effect of showing anger disappeared when the norm violation was sufficiently severe. Ratings of punishers were also influenced by social distance, such that it is less appropriate for a stranger than a friend to reprimand a violator. In sum, peer punisher ratings were very high for a friend reprimanding a severe norm violation, but particularly poor for a stranger showing anger at a mild norm violation. We found no effect on ratings of whether the reprimand had the beneficial consequence of changing the violator’s behavior. Our findings provide insight into how peer punishers can avoid negative reputational effects. They also point to the importance of going beyond economic games when studying peer punishment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2017): The Strength of Social Norms Across Human Groups. In: Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 12 (5), S. 800-809. DOI: 10.1177/1745691617708631
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972845 Abstract: Social norms are a defining feature of human psychology, yet our understanding of them is still underdeveloped. In this article, we present our own cross-cultural research program on tightness-looseness (TL)-which draws on field, experimental, computational, and neuroscience methods-to illustrate how going beyond Western borders is critical for understanding social norms' functions and their multilevel consequences. Cross-cultural research enables us to account for the universal features of norm psychology but also explains the great cultural diversity we see in social norms around the globe.
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(2017): Centripetal and centrifugal forces in the moral circle. Competing constraints on moral learning. In: Cognition 167, S. 58-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007293 Abstract: The idea of the moral circle pictures the self in the center, surrounded by concentric circles encompassing increasingly distant possible targets of moral concern, including family, local community, nation, all humans, all mammals, all living things including plants, and all things including inanimate objects. The authors develop the idea of two opposing forces in people's moral circles, with centripetal forces pulling inward, urging greater concern for close others than for distant others, and centrifugal forces pushing outward, resisting "drawing the line" anywhere as a form of prejudice and urging egalitarian concern for all regardless of social distance. Review of the developmental literature shows very early emergence of both moral forces, suggesting at least partly intuitive bases for each. Moral education approaches favoring one force over the other are compared, to show how these forces can provide constraints on moral learning. Finally, the centripetal/centrifugal forces view is applied to current moral debates about empathy and about politics. The authors argue that this view helps us see how intercultural and interpersonal disagreements about morality are based in intrapersonal conflicts shared by all people. zitiert von: 3
Keywords: Empathy, Gesellschaft, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Learning, Lerntheorien, Models, Psychological, Moral, Morals, science direct -
(2017): Social Behaviour. The Personalities of Groups. In: Current biology : CB 27 (18). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.042
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28950084 Abstract: A new study on stickleback provides a framework for understanding how the behaviour of individuals in groups, and the structure and movements of groups themselves, can be predicted from the personalities of individual group members.
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(2017): Beyond the positive reinforcement of aggression. In: International Journal of Behavioral Development 42 (1), S. 73-82. DOI: 10.1177/0165025416671613
Abstract: Being surrounded by peers who are accepting of aggression is a significant predictor of the development and persistence of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Whereas past research has focused on social reinforcement mechanisms as the underlying processes, the present longitudinal study analysed the role of external control beliefs as an additional mediator explaining the link between peers’ acceptance of aggression and the development of aggressive behaviour. Drawing on a large community sample of N = 1,466 male and female children and adolescents from Germany aged between 10 and 18 years, results of latent structural equation modeling were consistent with the hypotheses that peer acceptance of aggression would predict external control beliefs in the social domain, which in turn, should predict aggressive behaviour over time. Additional multigroup analyses showed that the predicted pathways were consistent across gender and age groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2017): Make it personal. A social explanation system applied to group recommendations. In: Expert Systems with Applications 76, S. 36-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2017.01.045
Abstract: Recommender systems help users to identify which items from a variety of choices best match their needs and preferences. In this context, explanations act as complementary information that can help users to better comprehend the system’s output and to encourage goals such as trust, confidence in decision-making or utility. In this paper we propose a Personalized Social Individual Explanation approach (PSIE). Unlike other expert systems the PSIE proposal novelly includes explanations about the system’s group recommendation and explanations about the group’s social reality with the goal of inducing a positive reaction that leads to a better perception of the received group recommendations. Among other challenges, we uncover a special need to focus on “tactful” explanations when addressing users’ personal relationships within a group and to focus on personalized reassuring explanations that encourage users to accept the presented recommendations. Besides, the resulting intelligent system significatively increases users’ intent (likelihood) to follow the recommendations, users’ satisfaction and the system’s efficiency and trustworthiness. zitiert von 5
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(2017): The relationship between gender and mobile technology use in collaborative learning settings. An empirical investigation. In: Computers & Education 113, S. 61-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.005
Abstract: Mobile technology offers educators new potential for course and learning material construction. Empirical best practices research is scarce, particularly in secondary and higher education settings. This article provides a field experiment using a 2 (individual vs. group) x 2 (text vs. video) design in a secondary school context with students engaged in learning activities related to either text or video content on mobile devices. We structured material to benefit either individual or collaborative learning practices and examined gender as a critical factor to understand ways to improve teaching approaches. The study used an ANOVA with repeated measures to understand impacts of various attributes on outcomes such as material experience duration, perceived peer influenced learning, satisfaction, perceived understanding, and performance. This study provides empirical evidence in a mobile learning environment that suggests female students engaged in group learning modes, supported with video material, had different engagement patterns than male students. Females spent more time in the application consistent with earlier research suggesting females are more likely to use strategies such as active listening, asking questions, and soliciting input. In addition, female students engaged in group learning mode, supported with video material, had higher peer-influenced learning scores than male students. Holistically, this evidence supports the view that females use learning strategies that benefit from group learning and features provided by mobile technologies. The results help direct future research regarding design and implementation of learning in secondary school settings and may help remove gender disparities. zitiert von 2
Keywords: Cooperative/collaborative learning, Gender, Gender Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Gruppenverhalten, Human-computer interface, Improving classroom teaching, Lerntheorien, Mensch-Technik-Relation, Mobile learning, Multimedia/hypermedia systems, science direct, Secondary education, Teaching/learning strategies -
(2017): Altruistic behavior in cohesive social groups. The role of target identifiability. In: PLoS one 12 (11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187903
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161282 Abstract: People's tendency to be more generous toward identifiable victims than toward unidentifiable or statistical victims is known as the Identifiable Victim Effect. Recent research has called the generality of this effect into question, showing that in cross-national contexts, identifiability mostly affects willingness to help victims of one's own "in-group." Furthermore, in inter-group conflict situations, identifiability increased generosity toward a member of the adversary group, but decreased generosity toward a member of one's own group. In the present research we examine the role of group-cohesiveness as an underlying factor accounting for these divergent findings. In particular, we examined novel groups generated in the lab, using the minimal group paradigm, as well as natural groups of students in regular exercise sections. Allocation decisions in dictator games revealed that a group's cohesiveness affects generosity toward in-group and out-group recipients differently, depending on their identifiability. In particular, in cohesive groups the identification of an in-group recipient decreased, rather than increased generosity.
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(2017): Structural power and the evolution of collective fairness in social networks. In: PLoS one 12 (4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175687
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175687 Abstract: From work contracts and group buying platforms to political coalitions and international climate and economical summits, often individuals assemble in groups that must collectively reach decisions that may favor each part unequally. Here we quantify to which extent our network ties promote the evolution of collective fairness in group interactions, modeled by means of Multiplayer Ultimatum Games (MUG). We show that a single topological feature of social networks-which we call structural power-has a profound impact on the tendency of individuals to take decisions that favor each part equally. Increased fair outcomes are attained whenever structural power is high, such that the networks that tie individuals allow them to meet the same partners in different groups, thus providing the opportunity to strongly influence each other. On the other hand, the absence of such close peer-influence relationships dismisses any positive effect created by the network. Interestingly, we show that increasing the structural power of a network leads to the appearance of well-defined modules-as found in human social networks that often exhibit community structure-providing an interaction environment that maximizes collective fairness.
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(2017): Disappointment expression evokes collective guilt and collective action in intergroup conflict. The moderating role of legitimacy perceptions. In: Cognition & emotion 31 (6), S. 1112-1126. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1197098
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351316 Abstract: Research on intergroup emotions has largely focused on the experience of emotions and surprisingly little attention has been given to the expression of emotions. Drawing on the social-functional approach to emotions, we argue that in the context of intergroup conflicts, outgroup members' expression of disappointment with one's ingroup induces the complementary emotion of collective guilt and correspondingly a collective action protesting ingroup actions against the outgroup. In Study 1 conducted immediately after the 2014 Gaza war, Jewish-Israeli participants received information about outgroup's (Palestinians) expression of emotions (disappointment, fear, or none). As predicted, outgroup's expression of disappointment increased collective guilt and willingness to participate in collective action, but only among those who saw the intergroup situation as illegitimate. Moreover, collective guilt mediated the relationship between disappointment expression and collective action, moderated, again, by legitimacy perception. In Study 2, we replicated these results in the context of racial tension between Black and White Americans in the US. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of the findings. zitiert von 7
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(2017): Social groups and social network formation. In: Games and Economic Behavior 103, S. 286-312. DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2015.11.004
Abstract: We present a dynamic model of social network formation in which a fixed number of agents interact in overlapping social groups. We derive several results on the formation of links in such networks, including results on the degree distribution, on comparative statics relating degree and group size, and on the dynamics of homophily. In particular, we derive comparative statics showing that degree is typically positively related to social group size but negatively related to the size of the overlap across multiple social groups. This is supported by evidence from a Facebook dataset. We also show that homophily over an agent's lifespan in the network can be non-monotonic, reaching a global maximum in some period before eventually decreasing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 6
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(2017): Contact with Counter-Stereotypical Women Predicts Less Sexism, Less Rape Myth Acceptance, Less Intention to Rape (in Men) and Less Projected Enjoyment of Rape (in Women). In: Sex Roles 76 (7), S. 473-484. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0679-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0679-x Abstract: Intergroup contact-(positive) interactions with people from different social groups-is a widely researched and strongly supported prejudice-reducing mechanism shown to reduce prejudice against a wide variety of outgroups. However, no known previous research has investigated whether intergroup contact can also reduce sexism against women. Sexism has an array of negative outcomes. One of the most detrimental and violent ones is rape, which is both justified and downplayed by rape myth acceptance. We hypothesised that more frequent, higher quality contact with counter-stereotypical women would predict lower levels of sexism and thus less rape myth acceptance (in men) and less sexualised projected responses to rape (in women). Two studies using online surveys with community samples supported these hypotheses. In Study 1, 170 male participants who experienced more positive contact with counter-stereotypical women reported less intention to rape. Similarly, in Study 2, 280 female participants who experienced more positive contact with counter-stereotypical women reported less projected sexual arousal at the thought of being raped. Thus, the present research is the first known to show that contact could be a potential tool to combat sexism, rape myth acceptance, intentions to rape in men, and sexualisation of rape by women.