Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Noise and Sound Reconciled. How London Clubs Shaped Conversation into a Social Art. In: Études Épistémè (29). DOI: 10.4000/episteme.1208
Abstract: This essay aims to show how London clubs played a decisive role in the shaping of conversation into a social art. It first examines the evolution of conversation in England both as a cultural concept and as a social practice in the context of the emergence and success of club sociability over the course of the eighteenth century. Conversation was at the heart of urban sociability practices and especially flourished in the London coffee-houses of the end of the seventeenth century. At the same time, conversation was theorized, conceptualized, modeled and discussed in a prolific and varied normative literature. Was the conversation that animated the first coffee-houses of the same nature as the conversation which prevailed in the exclusive circles of the second half of the eighteenth century? This study then points at obvious dissonances between the theory and the practice of conversation within the world of London clubs. While club conversation was a rite of worldly sociability, whose refined principles clubmen were supposed to master, it often sounded far from the smooth and polite prescriptive model it was expected to conform to. To what extent was Samuel Johnson, the founder of The Club and one of the greatest conversationalists of his time, a significant agent in the transformation of conversation into a social art in itself? Finally, this analysis claims that gentlemen's clubs contributed to shape a new model of conversation in England, in which noise and sound could co-exist and the paradoxes inherent in club conversation could be reconciled.
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(2016): Chairing Meetings. Turn and Topic Control in Development Communication in Rural Zanzibar. In: Discourse & Society 9 (1), S. 33-56. DOI: 10.1177/0957926598009001002
Abstract: This paper presents a linguistic analysis of the roles and verbal contributions of chairwomen in two agricultural co-operatives in rural Zanzibar. Discourse analysis with a focus on realizations of politeness and powerless speech style is used to study two communicative events. In the first co-operative, the chairwoman controls the meeting through the allocation of turns and topics. as well as the use of her position and its privileges to persuade others of her opinion. In this context, the use of passive voice, subjunctive forms, hedges, the choice of pronouns and address forms is of specific interest to us. In the second co-operative, an Agricultural Extension Officer present in the meeting interferes. practically taking over the task of chairing the meeting. While the chairwoman is forced to defend her position, her irritation and uncertainty are ex pressed in contributions that contain several characteristics of a powerless speech style. At the same time, the chairwoman's reply to the intrusion shows commitment and emphasis on a point that is crucial to her. In Meeting Two presequences, false starts, changes in the word order, hedges. direct speech. choice of tense and address forms are particularly relevant.
Keywords: Anrede, Dialog/Konversation/Rede, Direktheit/direkte Rede, Fehlstarts/false starts, Heckenausdrücke/Hedges, Intervention/Unterbrechung etc., Konjunktiv/Subjunktiv, Macht, Passive Stimme, Powerless speech style, Presequences, Pronomen, Reihenfolge von Wörtern im Satz, Tempus/Zeitform/tense, time 2011
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(2011) : Etiquette Considerations For Adaptive Systems That Interrupt: Cost And Benefits In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 289-322
Abstract: It is not generally considered impolite to interrupt. However, etiquette is not simply about politeness but also appropriateness. Thus, while etiquette dictates that it is inappropriate, counterproductive, or even dangerous to interrupt someone with irrelevant information in the middle of a critical task requiring great concentration, it also allows that it is appropriate and necessary to interrupt with crucial information. For example, it is inappropriate to interrupt an airline pilot during landing with the baseball score, but entirely appropriate to interrupt with the information that the landing gear has malfunctioned.
Keywords: Adaptive Systeme, Dialog/Konversation/Rede, doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Favoriten, Human-Computer Etiquette, Interuption, Intervention/Unterbrechung etc., Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Realtechnik, Relevanz des Grundes für eine Unterbrechung, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Technik, Volltreffer 2009
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(2009): Impoliteness and identity in the American news media. The “Culture Wars”. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 5 (2). DOI: 10.1515/JPLR.2009.014
Abstract: This paper argues that identity theory can be a useful analytical tool for the scholar of relational work (Locher and Watts 2005). By focusing oil current news interviews broadcast in the USA, it shows how impoliteness is inextricably linked to the (co) construction of the identity of the hosts, the guests and the audience of an emergent "new" news genre; news as confrontation (Garces-Conejos Blitvich 2007, forthcoming). Impoliteness is defined as a negative identity practice (Bucholtz 1999) used by the hosts to position themselves within their own community of practice. Applying Anton and Peterson's (2003) model of subject positions, an alternative definition is proposed that posits that impoliteness - and confrontation - may ensue when there is a mismatch between self asserted subject positions, i. e., the positions we temporarily choose to assume, and other asserted subject positions, i. e., the positions that others impose on us. By challenging our self asserted subject positions, the view of the world that comes along with them is questioned as well. Impoliteness is also used to forge the collective identity of one of the factions, here identified with the target audience of shows included in the study, currently waging the "Culture Wars". This metaphor has long been used to claim that political conflict within the USA is due to a conflict between "traditional" and "progressive" values.
2003
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(2003): Gender and politeness. 1. publ. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Gender and Politeness challenges the notion that women are necessarily always more polite than men as much of the language and gender literature claims. Sara Mills discusses the complex relations between gender and politeness and argues that although there are circumstances when women speakers, drawing on stereotypes of femininity to guide their behaviour, will appear to be acting in a more polite way than men, there are many circumstances where women will act just as impolitely as men. The book aims to show that politeness and impoliteness are in essence judgements about another's interventions in an interaction and about that person as whole, and are not simple classifications of particular types of speech. Drawing on the notion of community of practice Mills examines the way that speakers negotiate with what they perceive to be gendered stereotypes circulating within their particular group.
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