Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): They did it again!. Social control responses to repeated incidences of deviance in small groups / ¡Lo han vuelto a hacer! Respuestas de control social a la incidencia repetida de la desviación en grupos pequeños. In: Revista de Psicología Social 33 (3), S. 578-619. DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2018.1482055
Abstract: Deviant group members who break group norms often challenge social validity and group locomotion, invoking varying types of social control responses. The current study (N = 95) investigated changes over time in the use of four social control responses of varying severity (persuasion, embarrassment, temporary exclusion and permanent exclusion) employed in response to deviance. It also tested the roles that perceived effectiveness of and social support for various responses play in response selection. Findings show severity of social control response selection is driven by both pragmatic and identity-based concerns: Over time, responses become more severe, driven in part by effectiveness and social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Desperately Seeking Support. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 8 (2), S. 229-238. DOI: 10.1177/1948550616671402
Abstract: Much is unknown about adult attachment style formation. We investigate whether negative reinforcement schedules promote hallmark features of secure and anxious attachment styles in a shock threat support-seeking paradigm. Participants ostensibly asked for help from another participant seated in another room. Each time a shock threat signal appeared they were to press a button to indicate their need for help. The supporter could then stop the imminent shock. The reliability of the supporters was varied such that some supporters were consistent (continuous reinforcement) whereas others were inconsistent (variable ratio reinforcement). Results indicated that inconsistently responsive others, reinforcing on a variable ratio schedule, led to heightened approach-related attentional biases toward the supporter, measured by event-related potentials, increased positive attachment associations with the supporter, implicitly measured via a lexical decision task, and more negative explicit evaluations of the supporter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
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(2016): Supplemental Material for Power and the Pursuit of a Partner’s Goals. In: Journal of personality and social psychology. DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000048.supp
Abstract: We investigated how power dynamics in close relationships influence the tendency to devote resources to the pursuit of goals valued by relationship partners, hypothesizing that low (vs. high) power in relationships would lead individuals to center their individual goal pursuit around the goals of their partners. We study 2 related phenomena: partner goal prioritization, whereby individuals pursue goals on behalf of their partners, and partner goal contagion, whereby individuals identify and adopt as their own the goals that their partner pursues. We tested our ideas in 5 studies that employed diverse research methods, including lab experiments and dyadic studies of romantic partners, and multiple types of dependent measures, including experience sampling reports, self-reported goal commitment, and behavioral goal pursuit in a variety of goal domains. Despite this methodological diversity, the studies provided clear and consistent evidence that individuals with low power in their relationships are especially likely to engage in both partner goal prioritization and partner goal contagion. zitiert von 16
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(2016): Ethische Herausforderungen zum Einsatz sozial-assistiver Roboter bei älteren Menschen. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 49 (4), S. 303-307. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1066-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1066-5 Abstract: Socially assistive robots are increasingly discussed as solutions in care and domestic use for the support of senior adults; however, this raises ethical questions which hitherto have not been considered or were not predictable. The most important questions are those of privacy and data protection, safety and responsibility as well as involvement of vulnerable persons and deception. Consequently, the ethical principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy and fairness should be transposed to robotics. Clear answers and solutions are not yet available for every ethical challenge in robotics; however, the development of ethical guidelines for deployment of robots and research in the field of social service robots (SSR) are essential steps in order to embed ethics into dealing with socially assistive robots. This article provides some practical suggestions on this issue from a robotics project.
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(2016): Sollten Assistenzroboter eine "Persönlichkeit" haben? : Potenzial simplifizierter Roboterpersönlichkeiten. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 49 (4), S. 298-302. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1068-3
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245227 Abstract: BACKGROUND In the European Union (EU) research project "HOBBIT" prototypes of assistive robots were developed in order to support a more secure and independent life style and trials were run at the homes of elderly users. OBJECTIVE The project "personAAL" aimed at investigating whether distinct behavioral forms of a robot ("personality"), despite an identical basic function (e.g. bringing a message) are perceived as different personalities by the test persons. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study a robot was equipped with two types of behavior, one more introverted (purely function-oriented, impersonal and factual) and the other more extroverted (lively and enriched). The two types of behavior were demonstrated to 13 test persons (mostly older persons and experts from the care domain). RESULTS Nearly all of the test persons (12 out of 13) perceived a difference with respect to the behavior of the robot. Of the test persons 1 preferred the introverted robot, 9 the extroverted behavior of the robot and 3 had no preferences or stated that the preference depended on the context. The evaluation of answers to the Godspeed questionnaire resulted in significantly different perceptions of "anthropomorphism" and "animated" as well as in the total evaluation. It is also remarkable that no significant differences could be found for "likeability" and "perceived security". There was also no significant correlation between the preferred behavior of the robot and the self-assessment of the test person as being more introverted or extroverted. CONCLUSION From these results it can be concluded that acceptance of a robot does not solely depend on the mere function, which of course is a precondition but that it is advisable to offer a choice between different types of behavior in order to optimize acceptance.
Keywords: 80 and over, activities of daily living, Aged, Assistenz, Ergonomics, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, man-machine systems, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Methods, Patient Acceptance of Health-Care, Patient Preference, Personality, PSYCHOLOGY, Robotics, Self-Help Devices, Social Support, User-Computer Interface 2014
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(2014): The role of age and motivation for the experience of social acceptance and rejection. In: Developmental Psychology 50 (7), S. 1943-1950. DOI: 10.1037/a0036979
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842461 Abstract: A study with n = 55 younger (18-33 years, M = 23.67) and n = 58 older (61-85 years, M = 71.44) adults investigated age-related differences in social approach and avoidance motivation and their consequences for the experience of social interactions. Results confirmed the hypothesis that a predominant habitual approach motivation in younger adults shifts toward a stronger avoidance motivation in older adults. Moreover, age and momentary motivation predicted the experience of an actual social interaction. Younger adults reported stronger negative emotions in a rejection situation when striving to approach acceptance rather than avoid rejection. Conversely, older adults reported fewer positive emotions in a rejection situation when they attempted to avoid rejection rather than approach acceptance. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the same motivation has different consequences for the experience of potentially threatening social situations in younger and older adults. People seem to react emotionally when the achievement of important developmental goals (approaching others in young adulthood, avoiding negative social interactions in older adulthood) is thwarted. Moreover, results suggest that approach and avoidance motivation play an important role for socioemotional development.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alter, Analysis of Variance, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Gerontologie, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, physiology, PSYCHOLOGY, Self Report, Social Distance, Social Support, Sozialpsychologie, Young Adult 2013
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(2013): Perceived partner responsiveness moderates the association between received emotional support and all-cause mortality. In: Health psychology: Official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association 32 (2), S. 231-235. DOI: 10.1037/a0028276
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028276 Abstract: OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) moderates the association between received partner emotional support (RPES) and all-cause mortality in a national U.S. sample. METHOD Data were from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, a national probability survey of health and aging. Participants included respondents who were married or cohabiting with a romantic partner. RESULTS Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that after adjusting for demographics, physical health status, health behaviors, psychological symptoms, and personality traits, high RPES was associated with increased mortality risk among participants who reported low PPR, but it was unrelated to mortality risk among participants who reported high PPR. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to document that perceived partner responsiveness moderates the association between received partner emotional support and mortality risk, thus contributing to the literature on the contextual factors altering the effects of received support on health outcomes.
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(2013): Ungleichheit sozialer Teilhabe im Alter. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 46 (5), S. 410-416. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-013-0498-4
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23864320 Abstract: The concept of active ageing comprises the maintenance of societal participation throughout the life span into old age. "Good" ageing in line with this activity paradigm develops into a starting point of social inequality rather than being its result. Based on the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) we investigated access to volunteering and to educational activities depending on social and spatial aspects of inequality. Societal participation is socially and spatially structured. Individuals from a lower social class are less often involved in educational activities or in volunteering. Moreover, individuals living in economically disadvantaged regions are less likely to participate than in economically strong regions. Disadvantages cumulate if low individual resources overlap with poor economic conditions in the living area. Measures to facilitate participation should be taken on the local level to enhance opportunities for volunteering and educational activities. This should help to sustainably increase the participation of individuals from lower social classes.
2009
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(2009) : Guided participation in ICT-education for seniors: Motivation and social support: Frontiers in Education Conference, 2009. FIE '09. 39th IEEE: 2009 39th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE): San Antonio, TX, USA: 10/18/2009 - 10/21/2009: San Antonio, Texas: IEEE, S. 1-7
Abstract: The Seniors' Club (SC) is a computer club for elderly, aged 60-80 years. This paper describes the experience gained from starting, and development of the club in Eastern Finland from late 2005. The findings are supported by thematic interviews conducted with the participants in April 2009. The goal of the undertaking was to teach useful ICT-skills to the elderly, and to empower them to contribute to user-centered design. A guidance model based on guided participation and ideas of shared cognition has been applied to socially, motivationally and cognitively support our elderly participants. For the development of SC-concept, the grounding research methodology has been action research, supported by observation of the participants at work, questionnaires and group interviews. The results show that the elderly are capable of and enthusiastic in acquiring ICT-skills and of gaining knowledge. They are motivated by the younger generation in their circle of acquaintances, by the novelty of things and by staying the pace of development. They prefer things/skills, which are practical and applicable in real life, and they appreciate the social mode of learning, like peer-tutoring. In addition our seniors are willing to contribute to research, design, and development activities with students in our department.
2008
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(2008): Volunteer recruitment: The role of organizational support and anticipated respect in non-volunteers' attraction to charitable volunteer organizations. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (5), S. 1013-1026. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808222 Abstract: In 3 experiments the authors examined how specific characteristics of charitable volunteer organizations contribute to the recruitment of new volunteers. In line with predictions, Study 1 revealed that providing non-volunteers with information about organizational support induced anticipated feelings of respect, which subsequently enhanced their attraction to the volunteer organization. However, information about the current success of the volunteer organization did not affect anticipated pride (as among those who seek paid employment) and in fact caused potential volunteers to perceive the organization as being in less need for additional volunteers. Study 2 further showed that information about support from the volunteer organization is a more relevant source of anticipated respect and organizational attraction than support from co-volunteers. Study 3 finally showed that information about task and emotional support for volunteers contributes to anticipated respect and organizational attractiveness and that this increases the actual willingness of non-volunteers to participate in the volunteer organization. Interventions aimed at attracting volunteers and avenues for further research are discussed.
2007
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(2007): Negative Soziale Unterstützung bei der Bewältigung von Lebensbelastungen. In: Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 15 (2), S. 43-56. DOI: 10.1026/0943-8149.15.2.43
Abstract: Neben unterstützendem Verhalten müssen durch Lebensereignisse Belastete immer auch mit belastenden Reaktionen aus ihrer Umwelt rechnen. Dieses Phänomen und seine Effekte wurden konzeptuell und empirisch analysiert. Es wird über eine retrospektive Lebensereignisstudie mit 224 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern berichtet, bei der u. a. negative und positive Unterstützungsformen erhoben wurden. Explorative Hauptkomponentenanalysen erbrachten vier gut interpretierbare und mit den konzeptuellen Analysen übereinstimmende Faktoren negativer Unterstützung (Kritik und Abwertung, Diskriminierung und Feindseligkeit, Enttäuschung und nicht ernst nehmen, Einmischung und übertriebene Sorge), wobei übertriebene und mangelnde Unterstützung (Einmischung/übertriebene Sorge, Enttäuschung/nicht ernst nehmen) häufiger vorkamen als die beiden aggressiveren Formen (Kritik und Abwertung, Diskriminierung und Feindseligkeit). Letztere waren mit schlechterem Bewältigungserfolg, geringerem Selbstwert und schlechterem Befinden am Ende des Lebensereignisses assoziiert. Mediator- und Moderatoranalysen zeigten, dass diese Effekte zum Teil durch die initiale Reaktion auf das belastende Ereignis vermittelt wurden, insofern solche Personen ein hohes Maß an Negativunterstützung erlebten, die initial intensiv und eher negativ auf das Ereignis reagierten. Das Ausmaß erhaltener positiver Unterstützung konnte diese Effekte puffern. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, negativer Unterstützung bei präventiven Maßnahmen vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. zitiert von 17
2004
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(2004): Models of social networks based on social distance attachment. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 70 (5 Pt 2). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056122
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15600707 Abstract: We propose a class of models of social network formation based on a mathematical abstraction of the concept of social distance. Social distance attachment is represented by the tendency of peers to establish acquaintances via a decreasing function of the relative distance in a representative social space. We derive analytical results (corroborated by extensive numerical simulations), showing that the model reproduces the main statistical characteristics of real social networks: large clustering coefficient, positive degree correlations, and the emergence of a hierarchy of communities. The model is confronted with the social network formed by people that shares confidential information using the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption algorithm, the so-called web of trust of PGP.
Keywords: Algorithms, Computer Simulation, degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, Favoriten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Hierarchy, Social, Interpersonal Relations, Modelle/Theorien, Models, Biological, Netzwerktheorien, Population Dynamics, Residence Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Change, Social Distance, social networks based on social distance, Social Support, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziologie, SV 2003
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(2003): Explaining cultural differences in evaluations of emotional support behaviors: Exploring the mediating influences of value systems and interaction goals. In: Communication Research 30 (2), S. 113-146. DOI: 10.1177/0093650202250873
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202250873 Abstract: Research suggests that affirming, emotion-focused expressions of comfort effectively provide social support. However, little research has examined whether preferred approaches to providing support differ as a function of culture and, if so, why. This study sought to document, for both the Barbee and Cunningham typology of support behaviors and the Burleson hierarchy of comforting messages, whether there are cultural differences in preferred approaches to emotional support provision and, if so, what factors might account for these differences. Participants completed assessments of (a) the appropriateness of using solace, solve, dismiss, and escape behaviors, (b) the perceived sensitivity of comforting messages varying in degree of person centeredness, (c) interaction goal orientation, (d) the value placed on skill in comforting, and (e) collectivist and individualist values. Participants were Euro-American, and Chinese. Analyses indicated there were significant cultural differences in evaluations of support behaviors and that these differences were partially mediated by interaction goals and value orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2002
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(2002): Random graph models of social networks. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 991, S. 2566-2572. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012582999
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11875211 Abstract: We describe some new exactly solvable models of the structure of social networks, based on random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions. We give models both for simple unipartite networks, such as acquaintance networks, and bipartite networks, such as affiliation networks. We compare the predictions of our models to data for a number of real-world social networks and find that in some cases, the models are in remarkable agreement with the data, whereas in others the agreement is poorer, perhaps indicating the presence of additional social structure in the network that is not captured by the random graph.
1996
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(1996): Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors - Deutsche Fassung. Inventar Sozial Unterstuetzender Verhaltensweisen
Abstract: Diagnostische Zielsetzung: Das ISSB-d erfasst die erhaltene soziale Unterstuetzung im Alltag als Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren und kann zur raschen Erfassung der erhaltenen Unterstuetzung im Rahmen epidemiologischer Studien eingesetzt werden. Das Inventar soll nicht zur Erfassung belastungsbezogener Unterstuetzung eingesetzt werden, da die Items fuer diesen Zweck zu unspezifisch sind. Beim Einsatz im Verbund der SSU (SS-A-d, ISEL-d, ISSB-d) kann sowohl die erhaltene als auch die wahrgenommene Unterstuetzung im Alltag waehrend des letzten Monats untersucht werden.
Keywords: Classical Test Theory, Clinical Psychology, Computer Assisted Testing, Computerunterstütztes Testen, Fragebögen, Klassische Testtheorie, klinische Psychologie, Questionnaires, Rating Scales, Rating-Skalen, Social Support, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Unterstützung, Stress Reactions, Stressreaktionen, Support Groups, Unterstützende Gruppen, Verhaltensforschung 1994
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(1994) : Social support, social control, and health among the elderly In: Penny, Gillian N.; Bennett, Paul; Herbert, Mike (Hg.): Health psychology. A lifespan perspective.: Harwood, S. 191-211
Abstract: Examines how social support and social control processes affect patterns of illness and disability in later life. Epidemiological evidence is presented which shows that social integration generally results in longer life expectancy. It is argued that social relationships provide emotional support as well as constraints to behavior, effectively reducing the incidence of chronic health problems by decreasing the likelihood that unhealthy behaviors will be initiated in response to stressful circumstances. Similarly, social support and control help encourage compliance with prescribed medical treatment and daily self-care activities after the onset of chronic conditions, enabling the elderly individual to manage disability in later life. Suggestions for future research, with particular emphasis on the interaction between social support and social control processes, are also presented. zitiert von 36
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