Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017) : Designing technology for older adults: Augmenting usefulness and usability via cognitive support In: Kwon, Sunkyo: Gerontechnology: Research, practice, and principles in the field of technology and aging: New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, S. 389-416
Abstract: To fully explore why age discrepancies in technology use have been observed, we describe how older adults conceptualize usefulness and how usability can be empirically measured. Because cognitive changes that co-occur with age can influence technology-related task performance, which in turn may either augment or reduce perceived usefulness and usability, we also discuss the importance of designing technology to provide cognitive and environmental support. Such supportive design is key in developing technology that older adults want to use, which furthers understanding of how age-related cognitive changes should be considered during the technology design process. Furthermore, this approach identifies research questions that should benefit from further empirical investigation. We focus on what is known about three predictor variables (i.e., usefulness, usability, and cognition) that deserve special consideration when designing technology for older adults’ use. To accomplish this goal, three approaches with examples are described in this chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Dear computer, teach me manners: Testing virtual employment interview training. In: International Journal of Selection and Assessment 24 (4), S. 312-323
Abstract: Introduced and evaluated virtual employment interview (VI) training with a focus on nonverbal behavior. In the present study, participants in the VI training group took part in a simulated interview with a virtual character. Simultaneously, the computer analyzed participants' nonverbal behavior and provided real-time feedback. A control group received parallel interview training. Following training, participants took part in mock interviews, where interviewers rated participants' nonverbal behavior, and interview performance. A total of 70 college students (mean age 24 years) participated. Measures included the Measurement of Anxiety in Selection Interviews (MASI). Results revealed (1) that participants of VI training showed better interview performance, (2) that this effect was mediated by nonverbal behavior, and (3) that VI training had a positive influence on interview anxiety. These results have important practical implications for applicants, career counseling centers, and organizations.
Keywords: Angst, Anxiety, Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Berufliche Interessen, berufliche Laufbahn und Berufsberatung, Bewerbungsgespräche, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Feedback, interpersonal communication, Interpersonale Kommunikation, interview anxiety, Job Applicant Interviews, Manieren, MASI, job interviews: virtual employment interview training, Nonverbal behavior, Kommunikation, Nonverbal communication, Nonverbale Kommunikation, Occupational Interests & Guidance, performance, Specialized Interventions, Spezielle Interventionen, Test Coaching, Testtraining, Training, Verhaltensforschung, Virtual Classrooms, Virtuelle Klassenzimmer, Wirtschaftspsychologie -
(2016): Let justice be done. A performative view on Portuguese criminal trial procedures. In: Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 13 (4), S. 400-415. DOI: 10.1080/14791420.2016.1160137
Abstract: Based on fieldwork at criminal courts in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, the article examines the performativity of criminal justice. The written and unwritten rules of criminal trial procedures are analysed as judicial scripts that guide the “making” of Justice. The formalities of the criminal trial, like those that prescribe the correct behaviour of defendants in Portuguese courts, are tied to the liminality of their social standing and their betwixt-and-between position in the court and in society. Script compliance is discussed as a central element within the production of criminal justice. Finally, the article suggests a performative view of justice, drawing on Butler's ideas regarding the enactment and construction of notions of gender.
Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Body, criminal justice, criminal proceedings, Erwartungen, Kooperation, legal anthropology, performance, Portugal, Rechtswissenschaft, Rollen, script, script compliance, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Hierarchie, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext 2015
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(2015): Higher incentives can impair performance. Neural evidence on reinforcement and rationality. In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 10 (11), S. 1477-1483
Abstract: Examined the assumption that monetary incentives always result in increased performance. Human decision makers frequently focus on past performance, a form of reinforcement learning occasionally at odds with rational decision making. An incentivized belief-updating task from economics was employed to investigate this conflict through measurements of neural correlates of reward processing. 85 healthy college students (aged 19-29 years) participated in 2 experiments while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Results showed that higher incentives fail to improve performance when immediate feedback on decision outcomes is provided. Subsequent analysis of the feedback-related negativity, an early event-related potential following feedback, revealed the mechanism behind this paradoxical effect. As incentives increase, the win/lose feedback becomes more prominent, leading to an increased reliance on reinforcement and more errors. This mechanism is relevant for economic decision making and the debate on performance-based payment. zitiert von 15
2012
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(2012) : Social facilitation with social robots? In: Yanco, Holly: Proceedings of the seventh annual ACMIEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction: the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference: Boston, Massachusetts, USA: 3/5/2012 - 3/8/2012. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction; ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence: New York, NY: ACM
Abstract: Regarding the future usage of social robots in workplace scenarios, we addressed the question of potential mere robotic presence effects on human performance. Applying the experimental social facilitation paradigm in social robotics, we compared task performance of 106 participants on easy and complex cognitive and motoric tasks across three presence groups (alone vs. human present vs. robot present). Results revealed significant evidence for the predicted social facilitation effects for both human and robotic presence compared to an alone condition. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the consideration of the interaction of robotic presence and task difficulty in modeling robotic assistance systems.
2011
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(2011): Adaptive aiding of human-robot teaming: Effects of imperfect automation on performance, trust, and workload. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 5 (2), S. 209-231. DOI: 10.1177/1555343411410160
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343411410160 Abstract: [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 5(3) of Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making (see record [rid]2011-18021-005[/rid]). In the original article, the data in Tables 3 and 4 were switched. The corrected Tables 3 and 4 is given in the erratum.] In many emerging civilian and military operations, human operators are increasingly being tasked to supervise multiple robotic uninhabited vehicles (UVs) with the support of automation. As 100% automation reliability cannot be assured, it is important to understand the effects of automation imperfection on performance. In addition, adaptive aiding may help counter any adverse effects of static (fixed) automation. Using a high-fidelity multi-UV simulation involving both air and ground vehicles, two experiments examined the effects of automation reliability and adaptive automation on human-system performance with different levels of task load. In Experiment 1, participants performed a reconnaissance mission while assisted with an automatic target recognition (ATR) system whose reliability was low, medium, or high. Overall human-robot team performance was higher than with either human or ATR performance alone. In Experiment 2, participants performed a similar reconnaissance mission with no ATR, static automation, or with adaptive automation keyed to task load. Participant trust and self-confidence were higher and workload was lower for adaptive automation compared with the other conditions. The results show that human-robot teams can benefit from imperfect static automation even in high task load conditions and that adaptive automation can provide additional benefits in trust and workload. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2009
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(2009): Stress prompts habit behavior in humans. In: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 29 (22), S. 7191-7198. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0979-09.2009
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494141 Abstract: Instrumental behavior can be controlled by goal-directed action-outcome and habitual stimulus-response processes that are supported by anatomically distinct brain systems. Based on previous findings showing that stress modulates the interaction of "cognitive" and "habit" memory systems, we asked in the presented study whether stress may coordinate goal-directed and habit processes in instrumental learning. For this purpose, participants were exposed to stress (socially evaluated cold pressor test) or a control condition before they were trained to perform two instrumental actions that were associated with two distinct food outcomes. After training, one of these food outcomes was selectively devalued as subjects were saturated with that food. Next, subjects were presented the two instrumental actions in extinction. Stress before training in the instrumental task rendered participants' behavior insensitive to the change in the value of the food outcomes, that is stress led to habit performance. Moreover, stress reduced subjects' explicit knowledge of the action-outcome contingencies. These results demonstrate for the first time that stress promotes habits at the expense of goal-directed performance in humans. zitiert von 319
Keywords: Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure/physiology, Conditioning, Operant/physiology, Emotions, Extinction, Psychological/physiology, Female, Goals, Habits, Humans, Hydrocortisone/metabolism, Learning, Male, MEMORY, Neurowissenschaften, Operant Conditioning, performance, Probability, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Saliva/metabolism, Satiation/physiology, Reinforcement (Psychology), Stress, Stress, Psychological/physiopathology, Young Adult -
(2009): Behavioral and emotional consequences of brief delays in human–computer interaction. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 67 (7), S. 561-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.02.004
Abstract: Evaluated negative effects of computer processing delays on user performance and emotional states. Specifically, it is proposed that unpredictable, sporadic, and random delays typical of modern computers inhibit the proficiency of human-computer interaction (HCI) and result in user performance decrements as well as negative emotional states such as job dissatisfaction, frustration and stress. The authors tested these effects by introducing a paradigm program designed to replicate the flow of user proficiency in the form of a computer game. The game was designed to provide a user interface (UI) under two conditions: a delay condition and a no-delay condition. 16 participants (age range 19-58 years) were recruited to play the game and respond to an in-game and postgame questionnaire to assess the effects of delays on their emotional states. Additionally, user reaction times (RTs) and error rates were measured. Results confirmed that user performance was significantly less proficient as a result of sporadic, brief delays. Error rates more than doubled and reaction times were prolonged by 33 ms for responses directly following the delay. Assessment of the questionnaires revealed that the participants felt annoyed by the delays and were frustrated in their attempts to achieve their goals. In conclusion, the findings suggest that UIs should be designed to minimize the occurrence of delays which hinder the proficiency of HCI. zitiert von 64
2001
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(2001): Social Cognition, Language Acquisition and The Development of the Theory of Mind. In: Mind and Language 16 (5), S. 494-541. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0017.00180
Abstract: Theory of Mind (ToM) is the cognitive achievement that enables us to report our propositional attitudes, to attribute such attitudes to others, and to use such postulated or observed mental states in the prediction and explanation of behavior. Most normally developing children acquire ToM between the ages of 3 and 5 years, but serious delays beyond this chronological and mental age have been observed in children with autism, as well is in those with severe sensory impairments. We examine data from Studies of ToM in normally developing children and those with deafness, blindness, autism and Williams syndrome, as well as data from lower primates, in a search for answers to key theoretical questions concerning the origins, nature and representation of knowledge about the mind. In answer to these, we offer a framework according to which ToM is jointly dependent upon language and social experience, and is produced by a conjunction of language acquisition with children's growing social understanding, acquired through conversation and interaction with others. We argue that adequate language and adequate social skills are jointly causally sufficient, and individually causally necessary, for producing ToM. Thus our account supports a social developmental theory of the genesis of human cognition, inspired by the work of Sellars and Vygotsky.
Keywords: adequate social interaction, AUTISTIC-CHILD, Communication, DEAF-CHILDREN, DEFICIT, Disziplin, Erkenntnistheorie, FALSE BELIEF, INDIVIDUALS, KNOWLEDGE, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Linguistik, MODULARITY, performance, Philosophie, philosophy of mind, Postkasten, Psychologie, Social Cognition, Social Skills, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Kognition, theory of mind, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, WILLIAMS-SYNDROME
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