Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019): The Social Pragmatics of Communication with Social Robots: Effects of Robot Message Design Logic in a Regulative Context. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 25 (6). DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00538-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00538-7 Abstract: When social robots are used in communicative contexts, the norms, values, and expectations associated with the process of communication itself are important considerations. Message design logics (MDL) are working models of communication that lead to distinct ways of thinking about communication situations and reasoning from goals to messages. The three MDLs are expressive, conventional, and rhetorical. Respectively, they treat communication as a vehicle for the transmission of information, a game to be played cooperatively according to social norms, and the creation and negotiation of social selves and situations. In human communication, there is an observed preference for partners and messages that display the most sophisticated rhetorical MDL. The purpose of this study was to test/extend the theory of MDL and communication pragmatics in HRI. An online between-subjects experiment of 511 U.S. American adults was conducted to determine the effects of a social robot’s MDL and goal structure on people’s evaluations of the message and its source in a hypothetical regulative context, or a situation in which one individual is faced with the need to control or correct the behavior of another. Results demonstrated that rhetorical message designs led to the most positive impressions of the robot in terms of predicted communication success, goal-relevant attributes (ability to motivate and provide face support), competence, credibility, and attractiveness. Findings mirror results in earlier studies of human communication establishing an MDL sophistication advantage in communication dilemmas. Analysis of qualitative responses showed that participants understood the robot’s overall communication pragmatic differently on the basis of the MDL it demonstrated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
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(2017): A Model for Generating Socially-Appropriate Deictic Behaviors Towards People. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 9 (1), S. 33-49. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-016-0348-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0348-9 Abstract: Pointing behaviors are essential in enabling social robots to communicate about a particular object, person, or space. Yet, pointing to a person can be considered rude in many cultures, and as robots collaborate with humans in increasingly diverse environments, they will need to effectively refer to people in a socially-appropriate way. We confirmed in an empirical study that although people would point precisely to an object to indicate where it is, they were reluctant to do so when pointing to another person. We propose a model for selecting utterances and pointing behaviors towards people in terms of a balance between understandability and social appropriateness. Calibrating our proposed model based on empirical human behavior, we developed a system able to autonomously select among six deictic behaviors and execute them on a humanoid robot. We evaluated the system in an experiment in a shopping mall, and the results show that the robot’s deictic behavior was perceived by both the listener and the referent as more polite, more natural, and better overall when using our model, as compared with a model considering understandability alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016) : Daily life support at home through a virtual support partner: 2nd IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living (TechAAL 2016): 24-25 Oct. 2016: 2nd IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living (TechAAL 2016): London, UK: 24-25 Oct. 2016. IET International Conference on Technologies for Active and Assisted Living; Institution of Engineering and Technology; TechAAL: Stevenage, Herts., UK; Piscataway, NJ: IET, IEEE, S. 9 (7 .)-9 (7 .)Keywords: Unterstützung
2015
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(2015): Personen mit Demenz und robotische Assistenzsysteme. Ethnographische Erkundungen zu Randakteuren der Pflege. In: Pflege & Gesellschaft 20 (1), S. 20-36
Abstract: Obwohl die Pflege und Betreuung von Personen mit Demenz einen enormen Stellenwert in der gesellschaftlichen und (pflege-)wissenschaftlichen Diskussion einnimmt, haben wir es dennoch mit einer vielschichtigen Marginalisierung des Demenzphänomens zu tun. Robotische Akteure sind in pflegewissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zur Versorgung und Betreuung von Menschen mit Demenz noch kaum präsent. Das Projekt EmoRobot beschäftigt sich mit der Erkundung des Einsatzes robotischer Assistenzsysteme als Unterstützung in der emotionsorientierten Pflege und Betreuung von Personen mit Demenz in unterschiedlichen Demenzphasen. Ziel ist zu eruieren, ob und wie Personen mit Demenz robotische Assistenzsysteme, die (auch) Emotionen s(t)imulieren, wahrnehmen. Das multidisziplinäre Projekt ist als „interpretative Studie“ angelegt und rekurriert auf eine methodenplural arbeitende Ethnografie. Ziel der vorliegenden Schrift ist es, das in der pflegewissenschaftlichen Forschung noch wenig beschriebene, unkonventionelle methodische Vorgehen anwendungsbezogen vorzustellen und erste heuristische Annah- men der noch laufenden Studie zu präsentieren.
Keywords: Pflegewissenschaften, Unterstützung -
(2015) : The Robot Who Tried Too Hard: Social Behaviour of a Robot Tutor Can Negatively Affect Child Learning In: Adams, Julie A.; Smart, William; Mutlu, Bilge; Takayama, Leila (Hg.): HRI'15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: March 2-5, 2015, Portland, OR, USA: [New York]: ACM, Associaton for Computing Machinery, S. 67-74
Abstract: Social robots are finding increasing application in the domain of education, particularly for children, to support and augment learning opportunities. With an implicit assumption that social and adaptive behaviour is desirable, it is therefore of interest to determine precisely how these aspects of behaviour may be exploited in robots to support children in their learning. In this paper, we explore this issue by evaluating the effect of a social robot tutoring strategy with children learning about prime numbers. It is shown that the tutoring strategy itself leads to improvement, but that the presence of a robot employing this strategy amplifies this effect, resulting in significant learning. However, it was also found that children interacting with a robot using social and adaptive behaviours in addition to the teaching strategy did not learn a significant amount. These results indicate that while the presence of a physical robot leads to improved learning, caution is required when applying social behaviour to a robot in a tutoring context.
2014
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(2014) : Avoiding robot faux pas: Using Social Context to Teach Robots Behavioral Propriety In: Sagerer, Gerhard; Imai, Michita; Belpaeme, Tony; Thomaz, Andrea (Hg.): HRI'14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : March 3-6, 2014, Bielefeld, Germany. Unter Mitarbeit von Gerhard Sagerer und Michita Imai: the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference: Bielefeld, Germany: 3/3/2014 - 3/6/2014. Hri; Association for Computing Machinery; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 168-169
Abstract: Contextual cues strongly influence the behavior of people in social environments, and people are very adept at interpreting and responding to these cues. While robots are becoming increasingly present in these spaces, they do not yet share humans' essential sense of contextually-bounded social propriety. However, it is essential for robots to be able to modify their behavior depending on context so that they operate in an appropriate manner across a variety of situations. In our work, we are building models of context for social robots, that operate on real-world, naturalistic, noisy data, across multi-context and multi-person settings. In this paper, we discuss one aspect of this work, which concerns teaching a robot an appropriateness function for interrupting a person in a public space. We trained a support-vector machine (SVM) to learn an association between contextual cues and the reaction of people being interrupted by a robot across three different contexts. Overall, our results are promising, and further work on integrating context models into social robots could lead to interesting and impactful findings across the HRI community.
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(2014) : How can a robot signal its incapability to perform a certain task to humans in an acceptable manner?: RO-MAN: the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2014: 25 - 29 Aug. 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: 2014 RO-MAN: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, UK: 8/25/2014 - 8/29/2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 814-819
Abstract: In this paper, a robot that is using politeness to overcome its incapability to serve is presented. The mobile robot “Alex” is interacting with human office colleagues in their environment and delivers messages, phone calls, and companionship. The robot's battery capacity is not sufficient to survive a full working day. Thus, the robot needs to recharge during the day. By doing so it is unavailable for tasks that involve movement. The study presented in this paper supports the idea that an incapability of fullfiling an appointed task can be overcome by politeness and showing appropriate behaviour. The results, reveal that, even the simple adjustment of spoken utterances towards a more polite phrasing can change the human's perception of the robot companion. This change in the perception can be made visible by analysing the human's behaviour towards the robot.
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(2014) : Active or passive?: Investigating the impact of robot role in meetings: RO-MAN: the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2014: 25 - 29 Aug. 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: 2014 RO-MAN: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, UK: 8/25/2014 - 8/29/2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 580-585
Abstract: Meetings are an integral part of the work place and society in general. Research in Computer Supported Cooperative Work attempts to facilitate and make the process of meetings more effective. Our vision is that the incorporation of social robots in such human-human collaborative settings can assist and improve the effectiveness of a meeting. In this paper we present an empirical study in which pairs of participants collaborate in a meeting scenario with a Nao humanoid robot. Using a within-subjects design, we manipulated the robot's role within the meeting as being either “active” versus “passive”/“service-oriented”. Our results show that the more active robot was deemed as more more alive and social, had the participants more emotionally involved and caused more verbal engagement from the participants as compared to a passive service robot. In conclusion, we speculate on the inclusion of a collaborative robot as a meeting partner.
2012
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(2012) : Applying politeness maxims in social robotics polite dialogue In: Yanco, Holly: Proceedings of the seventh annual ACMIEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction: the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference: Boston, Massachusetts, USA: 3/5/2012 - 3/8/2012. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction; ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence: New York, NY: ACM
Abstract: An important element of human-robot interaction, as with interhuman interaction, is conversation. Having previously suggested the Gricean maxims as suitable guidelines for social robotics dialogue, we discovered that a preferable alternative set of guidelines: politeness maxims. In this paper, we will introduce the politeness maxims and propose its enhanced applicability in human-robot interaction to create polite dialogue. Although no experimental results are available to support our proposition, the preliminary analysis of politeness maxims presents a promising future, as guidelines for the synthesis of polite robot dialogue. Through effective dialogue creation, the interaction with human and robots will be more pleasant, indicating a step forward in effective human-robot interaction.
2011
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(2011) : Understanding users' perception of privacy in human-robot interaction In: Billard, Aude: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction: the 6th international conference: Lausanne, Switzerland: 3/6/2011 - 3/9/2011. ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence; ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction: New York, NY: ACM
Abstract: Previous research has shown that design features that support privacy are essential for new technologies looking to gain widespread adoption. As such, privacy-sensitive design will be important for the adoption of social robots, as they could introduce new types of privacy risks to users. In this paper, we report findings from our preliminary study on users' perceptions and attitudes toward privacy in human-robot interaction, based on interviews that we conducted about a workplace social robot.
2009
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(2009) : Towards a sociable robot guide which respects and supports the human activity: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2009: CASE 2009 ; 22 - 25 Aug. 2009, Bangalore, India: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2009): Bangalore, India: 8/22/2009 - 8/25/2009. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering; Ieee Case; Annual IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 262-267
Abstract: This paper presents a framework to provide the human with the flexibility to behave naturally, while being guided by a mobile robot. A sociable robot should not expect that the human will always follow the exact trajectory of the robot or will always maintain a fixed distance with robot. Moreover human can choose either to accompany or to follow the robot during the guiding. Robot should also not expect that human will always support the guiding. Human may temporarily suspend the joint commitment of guiding process, due to other interesting tasks and may completely abandon the path expected by robot. As a 'social' guide, robot should not only tolerate human diverse behaviors but also try to adapt its path to support the human activity as well as influence the human path towards the goal. It should take appropriate decision about when, where and how to deviate, as the very frequent or unnatural maneuvers of robot will make the human feel uncomfortable. In this paper we present a framework of monitoring and adapting to the human commitment on the joint task, and carrying out appropriate and goal oriented re-engagement attempts, if required, from the view point of guiding
2007
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(2007) : Field trial approach for communication robots: The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2007: RO-MAN 2007 ; Jeju, Korea, 26 - 29 Aug. 2007: RO-MAN 2007 - The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Jeju, South Korea: 8/26/2007 - 8/29/2007. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; Ro-Man 2007: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center, S. 665-666
Abstract: Over the past several years, many humanoid robots have been developed, and they can typically make sophisticated human-like expressions with their head and arms. We believe that humanoid robots will be suitable for communicating with people. The human-like bodies of humanoid robots enable humans to intuitively understand their gestures and cause people to unconsciously behave as if they were communicating with humans. In the future, we believe that these robots will behave as peer-partners to support daily human activities based on advanced communication capabilities. In order to develop such a "communication robot," we are studying bodily interaction between humans and the robot in a laboratory environment, where we found the importance of cooperative behaviors. Moreover, the developed robots were tested in field trials, which are important for studying potential real-world applications of communication robots, still a largely unexplored field.
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(2007) : Cognitive, Social, Sociable or just Socially Acceptable Robots?: The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2007: RO-MAN 2007 ; Jeju, Korea, 26 - 29 Aug. 2007: RO-MAN 2007 - The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Jeju, South Korea: 8/26/2007 - 8/29/2007. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; Ro-Man 2007: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center, S. 558-563
Abstract: Today there is a large movement towards creating social and cognitive robots. Today there is research aiming at using robots as care support as well as social agents introduced in geriatric care and home care. Much of the research is aimed at the development of cognitive and social agents, since robot agents are considered to need ways of interacting with the people in the surrounding areas. In this perspective it is necessary to start thinking of robots not only in terms of social, cognitive or sociable, but also of socially acceptable. What are the requirements for a socially acceptable robot, and which properties in a robot provide for making it more or less acceptable as part of a social environment? In this paper a set of tentative acceptance properties is presented, together with the results from a pilot study trying to assess the importance of some of these properties for the social acceptance of domestic service robots.
2006
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(2006) : Fahrzeugführung und Assistenzsysteme In: Zimolong, Bernhard; Konrad, Udo (Hg.): Ingenieurpsychologie: Göttingen; Bern; Toronto: Seattle, Hogrefe, Verl. für Psychologie (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie), S. 737-775
Abstract: Es wird ein Überblick über die ingenieurpsychologische Forschung zur Fahrzeugführung (Kraftfahrzeug, Schienenfahrzeuge, Schiffe) und zu Assistzenzsystemen gegeben. Zunächst werden Aufgaben und psychische Prozesse in der Fahrzeugführung erläutert. Danach werden typische Aufgabensituationen umrissen. Die Kommunikation zwischen Mensch und Fahrzeug, die manuelle Fahrzeugregelung sowie Fehlermanagement und Planung werden dargestellt. Anschließend werden zunächst Unterstützungs-, Assistenz- und Infotainmentsysteme allgemein und danach speziell Fahrerassistenzsysteme behandelt. Es schließt sich ein kürzer Überblick über Training und Simulatoren an. Es wird betont, dass es immer größere Anstrengungen erfordert, die Verkehrssicherheit trotz dichteren Verkehrs noch zu erhöhen und dass neue Technologien hierzu wesentlich beitragen
Keywords: Straßenverkehr, Unterstützung 2004
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(2004) : Evidence of the need for social intelligence in rescue robots: 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): 28 September - 2 October, 2004, Sendai, Japan : proceedings: 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566): Sendai, Japan: 28 Sept.-2 Oct., 2004. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; Robotics Society of Japan: Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, S. 1089-1095
Abstract: This study investigates data collected from operating an Inuktun robot in an urban search and rescue (USAR) confined space training exercise task at Virginia Beach Training Center. Data was collected from coding approximately one hour of video. The video had no sound so all analysis is based on the video feed. Indicators of communication, gestures, physical interactions with the robot, and robot movements were analyzed. The findings indicate that the robot emerges as a virtual presence for the support of the team outside of the confined space. The team members spontaneously responded socially to the robot despite the robot not being engineered to have a social intelligence. This confirms numerous studies in the cognitive science, psychology, and affective computing literature that robots need a social interface regards of domain.
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