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Treffer: 5271

  • 1989

  • Rafaeli, Anat (1989): When clerks meet customers. A test of variables related to emotional expressions on the job. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (3), S. 385-393. DOI: 10.1037//0021-9010.74.3.385

    Abstract: Interactions between 1,319 sales clerks and customers were observed. Clerk emotional behavior (Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987), clerk sex, wearing a smock and a name tag, the presence of other clerks or other customers, and customer sex were coded. As predicted, female clerks displayed positive emotions more frequently than male clerks, suggesting that sex role socialization may generalize to behavior at work. Male clients, however, received more positive emotional expressions than female clients, suggesting that individuals of both genders attribute higher status to men. Clerks were more likely to display positive emotions when wearing a uniform, suggesting that an organizational identifier such as a smock or name tag may increase an employee's self-awareness. Consistent with Sutton & Rafaeli (1987), clerks were less likely to display positive emotions if a line of customers or a coworker was present. No relationship was observed between work shift (time of day) and the display of positive emotions.

    Keywords: dominance, Dominanz, Präzision und Argumentation, Gender, Gender Studies, Interaktion, Interaktionspartner, Soziale Hierarchie
  • Rosemeier, Hans Peter (1989): Intimitat. Umgang mit Scham, Peinlichkeit und Sexualitat. In: Psychomed 1 (4), S. 236-239

    Abstract: Anhand ausgewahlter Beispiele werden die Facetten der personlichen Intimitat und die zur Sicherung der Privatheit zumeist ausreichenden Scham-, Schuld-, Takt- und Peinlichkeitsgefuhle erlautert. Eingegangen wird dabei auf (1) die Grundelemente der Intimisierung, (2) Intimitatsbeweise durch zugelassene Beruhrungen durch andere, (3) Verletzungen der Korperintegritat, (4) die Intimitat des Mundraumes, (5) die Schamlosigkeit, (6) das Erleben der Menstruation, (7) die Intimitat der Paarbeziehung sowie (8) den Umgang mit Sterben und Tod. zitiert von 4

    Keywords: Aversion, embarrassment, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Guilt, Interaktionsforschung, Interpersonal Interaction, Intimacy, Personal Space, Physical Contact, Sexuality, Tactfulness

  • Roth, Erwin; Schuler, Heinz (Hg.) (1989): Organisationspsychologie. Göttingen: Hogrefe

    Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie
  • Simondon, Gilbert (1989): Du mode d'existence des objets techniques. Online verfügbar unter https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7f77bf87ffdf24c6c843dddbeee3832b72b01e9

     

    Keywords: Technikphilosophie

  • Thomason, Richmond H. (1989): Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands

    Abstract: [???]cians concerned with using logical tools in philosophy have been keenly aware of the limitations that arise from the original con­ centration of symbolic logic on the idiom of mathematics, and many of them have worked to create extensions of the received logical theories that would make them more generally applicable in philosophy. Carnap's Testability and Meaning, published in 1936 and 1937, was a good early example of this sort of research, motivated by the inadequacy of first-order formalizations of dis­ 'This sugar cube is soluble in water'. positional sentences like And in fact there is a continuous history of work on this topic, extending from Carnap's paper to Shoham's contribution to the present volume . . Much of the work in philosophical logic, and much of what has appeared in The Journal of Philosophical Logic, was mo­ tivated by similar considerations: work in modal logic (includ­ ing tense, deontic, and epistemic logic), intensional logics, non­ declaratives, presuppositions, and many other topics. In this sort of research, sin.ce the main point is to devise new formalisms, the technical development tends to be rather shallow in comparison with mathematical logic, though it is sel­ dom absent: theorems need to be proved in order to justify the formalisms, and sometimes these are nontrivial. On the other hand, much effort has to go into motivating a logical innovation.

    Keywords: POWER
  • Wilpert, Bernhard (1989) : Menschenbild, Einstellungen, Normen und Werte. Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Themenbereich D, Praxisgebiete, Serie III, Wirtschafts-, Organisations- und Arbeitspsychologie In: Roth, Erwin; Schuler, Heinz (Hg.): Organisationspsychologie: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 155-185

    Abstract: Zu den Implikationen von (1) Menschenbildern und Werten, (2) Normen sowie (3) Einstellungen für das Verhalten in und das Verhalten von Organisationen wird ein Überblick gegeben. Menschenbilder und Werte werden unter den Aspekten (1) des Wertwandels, (2) der Geschichte der historischen und sozialwissenschaftlichen Wertforschung, (3) des verhaltensinduzierenden Bezugssystems, (4) der arbeitsbezogenen Werthaltungen, (5) der Möglichkeiten ihrer Operationalisierung sowie (6) der organisationspsychologischen Praxisimplikationen behandelt. Definitionen, Merkmale, Funktionen und die Genese sozialer Normen werden erläutert, bevor auf intra- und interorganisatorische Normkonflikte sowie Lösungsstrategien für diese Normkonflikte eingegangen wird. Einstellungen zu Organisationen werden auf dem Hintergrund verschiedener Einstellungstheorien und -modelle sowie des Zusammenhangs von Einstellung und Verhalten dargestellt.

    Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Normen
  • Witte, E. H. (1989): Sozialpsychologie. Ein Lehrbuch. München: Psychologie Verlags Union

  • 1988

  • Albright, L.; Kenny, D. A.; Malloy, T. E. (1988): Consensus in personality judgments at zero acquaintance. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 55 (3), S. 387-395

     

    Abstract: This research focused on the target effect on a perceiver's judgments of personality when the perceiver and the target are unacquainted. The perceiver was given no opportunity to interact with the target, a condition we refer to as zero acquaintance. We reasoned that in order to make personality judgments, perceivers would use the information available to them (physical appearance). Consensus in personality judgments would result, then, from shared stereotypes about particular physical appearance characteristics. Results from three separate studies with 259 subjects supported this hypothesis. On two of the five dimensions (extraversion and conscientiousness) on which subjects rated each other, a significant proportion of variance was due to the stimulus target. Consensus on judgments of extraversion appears to have been largely mediated by judgments of physical attractiveness. Across the three studies there was also evidence that the consensus in judgments on these two dimensions had some validity, in that they correlated with self-judgments on those two dimensions.

    Keywords: beauty, Esthetics, Extraversion (Psychology), Humans, Judgment, Personality, Self Concept, Social Perception, Social Responsibility
  • Bowles, N. L.; Poon, L. W. (1988): Age and context effects in lexical decision. An age by context interaction. In: Experimental aging research 14 (4), S. 201-205. DOI: 10.1080/03610738808259748

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03610738808259748 

    Abstract: The present experiment demonstrates greater priming effects in a lexical decision task for older adults than for younger adults. Thirty-six older adults and thirty-six younger adults participated in a lexical decision experiment in which primes were category names and related targets were category exemplars that varied in category dominance. This manipulation of category dominance was intended to limit the predictability of target words based on prime words. Results showed that older adults had significantly greater priming effects than did younger adults. This outcome represents a departure from most studies of age effects on priming in lexical decision. It is suggested that older adults make greater use of context than younger adults when the context is of limited predictive value. zitiert von 38

    Keywords: age differences, Context, Contextual Associations, Gerontologie, Lexical Decision, Priming
  • Brewer, Marilyn (1988) : A dual process model of impression formation In: Srull, Thomas K.; Wyer, Robert (Hg.): Advances in social cognition: Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, S. 1-36

    Keywords: Schematheorie
  • Burgoon, Judee Kathelene; Newton, Deborah A.; Walther, Joseph B.; Baesler, E. James (1988): Nonverbal expectancy violations and conversational involvement. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 13 (2), S. 97-119. DOI: 10.1007/BF00990793

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990793 

  • Camerer, Colin (1988): Gifts as Economic Signals and Social Symbols. In: American Journal of Sociology 94. DOI: 10.1086/228946

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/228946 

    Abstract: Gift-giving has often puzzled economists, especially because efficient gifts-like cash or giving exactly what a person asks for-seem crass or inappropriate. It is shown in a formal game-theoretic model that gifts serve as "signals" of a person's intentions about future investment in a relationship, and inefficient gifts can be better signals. Other explanations for the inefficiency of gift giving are advanced, and some stylized facts about gift-giving practices are described (many of which are consistent with the signaling view of gifts).

  • Dawes, Robyn M.; Thaler, Richard H. (1988): Anomalies. Cooperation. In: Journal of Economic Perspectives 2 (3), S. 187-197. DOI: 10.1257/jep.2.3.187

    Abstract: Economics can be distinguished from other social sciences by the belief that most (all?) behavior can be explained by assuming that agents have stable, well-defined preferences and make rational choices consistent with those preferences in markets that (eventually) clear. An empirical result qualifies as an anomaly if it is difficult to "rationalize", or if implausible assumptions are neccessary to explain it within the paradigm. This column will present a series of such anomalies

    Keywords: Anomalien, economics, Good manners, Interaktion, Kooperation, Preferences, Soziale Angemessenheit
  • Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenäus (1988): Der Mensch - das riskierte Wesen. Zur Naturgeschichte menschlicher Unvernunft. 2. Aufl.. München: Piper

  • Ernst, Heiko (1988): Alltags-Intelligenz. Praktisch, sozial, emotional. In: Psychologie heute 15 (10), S. 20-27

    Abstract: Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit traditionelle Intelligenzkonzepte die soziale und praktische Intelligenz vernachlässigen. Forschungsarbeiten zur sozialen Intelligenz werden referiert, und die Zusammenhänge zwischen akademischer und sozialer Intelligenz werden diskutiert. Neuere Intelligenztheorien (Sternberg, Gardner) werden vorgestellt.

    Keywords: ABILITY, Academic Aptitude, empirical results & theoretical concepts, Fähigkeit (Schule und Hochschule), Fähigkeit, Intelligence, Intelligenz, neglect of social & practical intelligence in traditional intelligence concepts & relation between academic & social intelligence, overview, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Theorien, Theories
  • Freeman, Linton C.; Freeman, Sue C.; Michaelson, Alaina G. (1988): On human social intelligence. In: Journal of Social and Biological Structures 11 (4), S. 415-425. DOI: 10.1016/0140-1750(88)90080-2

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(88)90080-2 

    Abstract: Arguments for social intelligence in primates require that individuals be able to perceive and recall complex patterns of social relationships among the members of their communities. Indirect evidence suggests that non-human primates possess such ability, but, so far, little is known about the extent of human ability to process information about their social relationships. The present results show that, at least with regard to stable patterns of alliance and division in a community, humans are remarkable for their accuracy in processing such social information.

    Keywords: science direct, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie
  • Grimm, Hubert G. (1988) : Die Gestaltung der Benutzerschnittstelle bei interaktiven Systemen In: Ruppert, Franz: Psychologisches Handeln in Betrieben und Organisationen: Aktuelle Aufgaben in Fallbeispielen: 1. Aufl.: Bern: Huber, S. 125-135

    Abstract: Die Bedeutung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit interaktiver Systeme wird herausgestellt. Welche Kriterien dabei erfüllt sein müssen, wird erörtert, und Strategien zur Erhöhung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit werden diskutiert. Anhand der Beschreibung einer experimentellen Realisierung einer Benutzerführung für Bildschirmtext (Btx) wird schließlich exemplarisch der Beitrag aufgezeigt, den Psychologen bei der Lösung software-ergonomischer Problemstellungen leisten können.

    Keywords: Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Ergonomie, Interaktionsforschung, Mensch-Maschine-Systeme, Mensch-Maschine-System-Gestaltung, Software
  • Günther, Klaus (1988): Der Sinn für Angemessenheit. Anwendungsdiskurse in Moral und Recht. Teilw. zugl.: Frankfurt, Univ., Diss., 1987. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp

    Keywords: Angemessenheit, Anwendung, bibliography, Diskursethik, ethical argumentation, Ethik, Ethische Argumentation, Kant, Immanuel / kategorischer Imperativ / Nachwirkung, Law, Moral, Moralische Überzeugungen, norm, Normative Orders, Philosophie, Philosophy, Praxis, Recht, Rechtsphilosophie, Rechtswissenschaft, Soziale Norm, Theorie
  • Hofstede, Geert; Bond, Michael Harris (1988): The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. In: Organizational Dynamics 16 (4), S. 5-21. DOI: 10.1016/0090-2616(88)90009-5

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(88)90009-5 

    Abstract: In 1968, the late Nobel-prize-winning economist Gunnar Myrdal published a book entitled Asian Drama that described his investiga- tions into the failure of economic develop- ment policies in South and Southeast Asia. Twenty years later, we are experiencing a very different kind of Asian drama: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore are now outperforming the United States and Western Europe economically. Western mar- kets are flooded with high-quality, high- technology products “made in Asia”; the production of cameras, TV sets, and domes- tic appliances has all but ceased in many Western countries, the automobile business has suffered severely, and President Reagan has had to violate his free-trade principles to save the U.S. microchip industry. It is true that most of the competition is from East, rather than from South or Southeast Asia; however, some South and Southeast Asian countries besides Singapore, such as India, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia (the very scene of Myrdal’s drama), also show signs of an economic takeoff.

    Keywords: Hofstede, Konfuzius, Kultur, Kulturdimensionen, Kulturtheorie, Sozialpsychologie
  • Rapoport, Anatol (1988): Decision theory and decision behaviour. London: Macmillan

    Abstract: The book treats two approaches to decision theory: (1) the normative, purporting to determine how a 'perfectly rational' actor ought to choose among available alternatives; (2) the descriptive, based on observations of how people actually choose in real life and in laboratory experiments. The mathematical tools used in the normative approach range from elementary algebra to matrix and differential equations. Sections on different levels can be studied independently. Special emphasis is made on 'offshoots' of both theories to cognitive psychology, theoretical biology, and philosophy.

    Keywords: Decision Making, Entscheidungsfindung, Entscheidungstheorie, Entscheidungsverhalten, Game Theory, Spieltheorie, Statistische Entscheidungstheorie

  • Ruppert, Franz (1988): Psychologisches Handeln in Betrieben und Organisationen. Aktuelle Aufgaben in Fallbeispielen. 1. Aufl.. Bern: Huber

    Keywords: Arbeitsanalyse, Arbeitsplatzanalyse, Arbeitsplatzgestaltung, Arbeitspsychologie, Arbeitswissenschaft, Aufsatzsammlung, Betriebsorganisation, Betriebspsychologie, Handlungskonzepte, Organisationspsychologie
  • Schopenhauer, Arthur (1988): Parerga und Paralipomena. Kleine philosophische Schriften. Bd. 1. Zürich: Haffmans Verlag

  • Schuttelpelz, P. (1988): The Man-Machine Dialog from the Viewpoint of Ethics. In: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie (36.9), S. 797-806

    Keywords: Disziplin, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, man-machine, Mensch und Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moralphilosophie, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Philosophie, Reflexionen über MTR
  • Sprecher, Susan (1988): Investment model, equity, and social support determinants of relationship commitment. In: Social Psychology Quarterly 51 (4), S. 318-328. DOI: 10.2307/2786759

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2786759 

    Abstract: Tested the hypothesis that relationship commitment was expected to vary directly with satisfaction, investments, and social support for the relationship and inversely with alternative quality and inequity. Data were collected from 197 couples (aged 17–42 yrs). Results show that all of the predictor variables except investments were related to relationship commitment in the directions predicted. The 2 most important predictors of relationship commitment were alternatives and satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Investitionsmodell von Beziehungen, investment model of relations, Partnerschaft/ Beziehung, Sozialpsychologie

  • Srull, Thomas K.; Wyer, Robert (Hg.) (1988): Advances in social cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

    Keywords: Eindruck, Kognition, Modell, Psychologische Forschung, Psychologische Theorie, Schematheorie, Soziale Wahrnehmung