Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Contributorship and Partial Inclusion. In: Management Communication Quarterly 30 (3), S. 279-304. DOI: 10.1177/0893318915624163
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318915624163 Abstract: Organizational communication theory and research tends to assume the practices of organizational 'members' are relevant to the study of organizational phenomena, without reflecting on how those members were identified in the first place. This issue is particularly relevant to perspectives that view communication as constitutive of organizations because they may take the very object they seek to explain—the organization—as the starting point when identifying pertinent informants. We provide a communicational perspective of organizational membership by starting from communicative events, instead of individuals. Ethnomethodology’s notions of accounts and sanctions are useful in recognizing the interactionally performed nature of membership. We extend ethnomethodology’s intuition by viewing membership—which we reframe as contributorship—as being achieved through the contribution of actions to the organization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights res erved) zitiert von 6
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(2016) : Psychology as a Phenomenological Science In: Valsiner, Jaan; Marsico, Giuseppina; Chaudhary, Nandita; Sato, Tatsuya; Dazzani, Maria Virgínia Machado (Hg.): Psychology as the science of human being: The Yokohama Manifesto: Cham: Springer (Annals of theoretical psychology), S. 17-32
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(2016): Robotic faces: Exploring dynamical patterns of social interaction between humans and robots. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold: 1) to develop an empirically-based design for an interactive robotic face, and 2) to understand how dynamical aspects of social interaction may be leveraged to design better interactive technologies and/or further our understanding of social cognition. Understanding the role that dynamics plays in social cognition is a challenging problem. This is particularly true in studying cognition via human-robot interaction, which entails both the natural social cognition of the human and the ’artificial intelligence’ of the robot. Clearly, humans who are interacting with other humans (or even other mammals such as dogs) are cognizant of the social nature of the interaction‐-their behavior in those cases differs from that when interacting with inanimate objects such as tools. Humans (and many other animals) have some awareness of ’social’, some sense of other agents. However, it is not clear how or why. Social interaction patterns vary across culture, context, and individual characteristics of the human interactor. These factors are subsumed into the larger interaction system, influencing the unfolding of the system over time (i.e. the dynamics). The overarching question is whether we can figure out how to utilize factors that influence the dynamics of the social interaction in order to imbue our interactive technologies (robots, clinical AI, decision support systems, etc.) with some ’awareness of social’, and potentially create more natural interaction paradigms for those technologies. In this work, we explore the above questions across a range of studies, including lab-based experiments, field observations, and placing autonomous, interactive robotic faces in public spaces. We also discuss future work, how this research relates to making sense of what a robot ’sees’, creating data-driven models of robot social behavior, and development of robotic face personalities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Zur Bedeutung des Wohnens für die soziale Teilhabe älterer Menschen In: Schirra-Weirich, Liane; Wiegelmann, Henrik (Hg.): Alter und Altern als (Teilhabe-)Herausforderung für Individuum und Gesellschaft: 1. Auflage: Leverkusen: Budrich, Barbara (Schriften der KatHO NRW), S. 121-133
Abstract: Die wichtige Bedeutung des Wohnens für die Lebensqualität und die soziale Teilhabe älterer Menschen wird herausgearbeitet. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Menschen, die durch altersbedingte gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen oder Behinderungen eingeschränkt sind und deswegen spezifische Anforderungen bewältigen müssen. Repräsentative Studien haben gezeigt, dass mehr als zwei Drittel der körperlich und kognitiv eingeschränkten älteren Menschen in der eigenen häuslichen Umgebung leben wollen. Unter den Bedingungen von Mobilitätseinschränkungen und nachlassender Leistungs- und Anpassungsfähigkeit wird das Wohnen besonders bedeutsam für das Wohlbefinden, die subjektive Lebensqualität und die selbständige Lebensführung älterer Menschen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden wohnraumbezogene Möglichkeiten und Lösungen speziell für diese Personengruppe dargestellt. So werden etwa die Wohnungsanpassung sowie die ambulanten Wohnformen skizziert, die sich in den letzten Jahren als Wohnungen mit und ohne Hilfesystem entwickelt haben. Weiterhin werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen unterschiedlicher Wohnformangebote im Hinblick auf Inklusion und Teilhabe betrachtet. Abschließend wird das Beratungskonzept "KoWo inklusiv" vorgestellt, das in der StädteRegion Aachen als inklusionsorientiertes wohnraumbezogenes Angebot für behinderte und pflegebedürftige Menschen entwickelt wurde.
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(2016): A comparison of head pose and deictic pointing interaction methods for smart environments. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 32 (4), S. 325-351. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2016.1142054
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1142054 Abstract: Pointing is one of the more meaningful gestures in human expression. In this article, deictic and head pose pointing methods are evaluated as interaction means, with the objective of comparing their efficiency and delivered comfort, usability, and user experience to apply them to the deployment of services in smart spaces. Standard tools and questionnaires are applied in a user study with 20 individuals who have tried a Kinect V2-enabled pointing system to a) complete a multidirectional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9241-9 pointing task and b) test a service to command smart objects. The results show that both deictic and head pose interaction perform in a similar way, providing a throughput of 2.14 and 2.04 bits/s, respectively (comparable to joysticks or touchpads in equivalent ISO tasks). The system being quite robust to the user position in the Kinect coverage area, target size influences performance, but also learnability and the overall response when cursor visual cues are not available. From comfort, usability, and user experience responses, it can be said that deictic is perceived to perform better than head pose in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and organization, although head pose is preferred for its speed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Improving Medical Decision Making and Health Promotion through Culture-Sensitive Health Communication. An Agenda for Science and Practice. In: Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 36 (7), S. 811-833. DOI: 10.1177/0272989X15600434
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296619 Abstract: This review introduces the concept of culture-sensitive health communication. The basic premise is that congruency between the recipient's cultural characteristics and the respective message will increase the communication's effectiveness. Culture-sensitive health communication is therefore defined as the deliberate and evidence-informed adaptation of health communication to the recipients' cultural background in order to increase knowledge and improve preparation for medical decision making and to enhance the persuasiveness of messages in health promotion. To achieve effective health communication in varying cultural contexts, an empirically and theoretically based understanding of culture will be indispensable. We therefore define culture, discuss which evolutionary and structural factors contribute to the development of cultural diversity, and examine how differences are conceptualized as scientific constructs in current models of cultural differences. In addition, we will explicate the implications of cultural differences for psychological theorizing, because common constructs of health behavior theories and decision making, such as attitudes or risk perception, are subject to cultural variation. In terms of communication, we will review both communication strategies and channels that are used to disseminate health messages, and we will discuss the implications of cultural differences for their effectiveness. Finally, we propose an agenda both for science and for practice to advance and apply the evidence base for culture-sensitive health communication. This calls for more interdisciplinary research between science and practice but also between scientific disciplines and between basic and applied research.
Keywords: Clinical Decision-Making, Communication, Cultural Competency, culture sensitive, Disziplin, Health Behavior, Health Promotion/standards, Humans, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Medizin, Models, Psychological, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Risk-Taking, Social Norms -
(2016): Moving the centre to design social media in rural Africa. In: AI & Society 31 (1), S. 51-77. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-014-0564-5
Abstract: Efforts to design voice-based, social media platforms for low-literacy communities in developing countries have not widened access to information in the ways intended. This article links this to who describes the relations that constitute personhood and how these relations are expressed in designing and deploying systems. I make these links oriented by critique in human-computer interaction that design continues a history of colonialism and embeds meanings in media that disrupt existing communication practices. I explore how we translated 'logics' about sociality through logics located outside of the rural South African community that we targeted for design and deployment. The system aimed to enable inhabitants to record, store and share voice files using a portable, communally owned display. I describe how we engaged with inhabitants, to understand needs, and represented and abstracted from encounters to articulate requirements, which we translated into statements about technology. Use of the system was not as predicted. My analysis suggests that certain writing cultures, embedded in translations, reify knowledge, disembody voices and neglect the rhythms of life. This biases social media towards individualist logics and limits affordances for forms, genres and other elements of communication that contribute to sociality. Thus, I propose oral practices offer oppositional power in designing digital bubbles to support human togetherness and that we can enrich design by moving the centre-a phrase taken from Ngugi wa Thiong'o (Moving the centre: the struggle for cultural freedoms, James Currey, London, 1993) who insists that liberation from colonialism requires plural sites of creativity. To realize this potential, we need radically different approaches that enable symmetrical translation.
Keywords: Design -
Bierhoff, Hans-Werner; Frey, Dieter (Hg.) (2016): Soziale Motive und soziale Einstellungen. 1. Auflage. Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie)
Keywords: Gender -
(2016): Epistemic logics for sceptical agents. In: JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION 26 (6), S. 1815-1841
Abstract: In this article, we introduce an epistemic modal operator modelling knowledge over distributive non-associative full Lambek calculus with a negation. Our approach is based on the relational semantics for substructural logics: we interpret the elements of a relational frame as information states consisting of collections of data. The principal epistemic relation between the states is the one of being a reliable source of information, on the basis of which we explicate the notion of knowledge as information confirmed by a reliable source. From this point of view it is natural to define the epistemic operator formally as the backward-looking diamond modality. The framework is a generalization and extension of the system of relevant epistemic logic proposed by Majer and Peliš (2009, college Publications, 123–135) and developed by Bílková et al. (2010, college Publications, 22–38). The system is modular in the sense that the axiomatization of the epistemic operator is sound and complete with respect to a wide class of background logics, which makes the system potentially applicable to a wide class of epistemic contexts. Our system admits a weak form of logical omniscience (the monotonicity rule), but avoids stronger ones (a necessitation rule and a K-axiom) as well as some closure properties discussed in normal epistemic logics (like positive and negative introspection). For these properties we provide characteristic frame conditions, so that they can be present in the system if they are considered to be appropriate for some specific epistemic context. We also prove decidability of the weakest epistemic logic we consider, using a filtration method. Finally, we outline further extensions of our framework to a multiagent system
Keywords: Agenten, Agenten-Überzeugung, Disziplin, epistemic modal operator, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Epistemische Operatoren, frame semantics, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), mögliche Welten, mögliche Welten Theorie, multi-agent systems, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, Philosophie, possible worlds theory, Realtechnik, relational frame, Sprache, Sprachtheorie, Sprachverstehen, Technik -
(2016): An introduction to the Moral Agency Scale. Individual differences in moral agency and their relationship to related moral constructs, free will, and blame attribution (PSYNDEXshort). In: Social Psychology 47 (6), S. 295-310
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to develop a psychometric measure of moral agency and explore its relationship with related moral constructs. Although our legal system, daily interactions with others, and most theories about moral psychology assume moral agency, few researchers have studied it, and there is no instrument devised to specifically measure it. Here, we present the Moral Agency Scale (MAS), a self-report instrument designed to assess the extent to which participants feel control over their moral choices. In Study 1, the MAS demonstrated strict factorial invariance; validity is further supported by its relations to similar constructs and reported volunteering behavior. In Study 2, MAS scores were associated with free will beliefs, moral disengagement, and judgments of moral blame. Results are discussed with reference to theory and future directions for research.
Keywords: agency, Attribution, Blame, Moral, Morality, psychometrics, Rating Scales, Self-Report, Sozialpsychologie, Test Construction, Volition -
(2016): Response Inhibition Is Facilitated by a Change to Red Over Green in the Stop Signal Paradigm. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 10. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00655
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101011 Abstract: Actions are informed by the complex interactions of response execution and inhibition networks. These networks integrate sensory information with internal states and behavioral goals to produce an appropriate action or to update an ongoing action. Recent investigations have shown that, behaviorally, attention is captured through a hierarchy of colors. These studies showed how the color hierarchy affected visual processing. To determine whether the color hierarchy can be extended to higher level executive functions such as response execution and inhibition, we conducted several experiments using the stop-signal task (SST). In the first experiment, we modified the classic paradigm so that the go signals could vary in task-irrelevant color, with an auditory stop signal. We found that the task-irrelevant color of the go signals did not differentially affect response times. In the second experiment we determined that making the color of the go signal relevant for response selection still did not affect reaction times(RTs) and, thus, execution. In the third experiment, we modified the paradigm so that the stop signal was a task relevant change in color of the go signal. The mean RT to the red stop signal was approximately 25 ms faster than to the green stop signal. In other words, red stop signals facilitated response inhibition more than green stop signals, however, there was no comparative facilitation of response execution. These findings suggest that response inhibition, but not execution, networks are sensitive to differences in color salience. They also suggest that the color hierarchy is based on attentional networks and not simply on early sensory processing.
Keywords: Aufmerksamkeit, hierarchy -
(2016): Computational models of development, social influences. In: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 7, S. 95-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.12.008
Abstract: In the article we argue that past Bayesian approaches that model children's learning from data are missing an important element—the role of other people in generating that data. We propose that children take the origin of data into account when learning, which can be understood through ideal observer analyses of the social situation. Moreover, when observing evidence, children are not just learning from others, but also about others. We review recent literature suggesting that children can make inferences about the knowledge and goals of the individual selecting the data and use this knowledge to bolster learning from this evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 4
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(2016): Personal values and their structure under universal and lexical approaches. In: Personality and Individual Differences 96 (96)
Abstract: Investigated the degree to which universal versus lexical approaches to personal value ratings support the value circle concept, according to which human judgments are derived from important, competing values. Prior evidence for the value circle concept was based on the theory of universals in values' assumption that judgments represent a compromise between several universal basic values, which may be somewhat similar but partially incompatible. 233 Estonian volunteers (mean age 25 years) completed the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and the Estonian Value Inventory (EVI). Multidimensional scaling of the data revealed that the value circle emerged for both the universal SVS and the lexical EVI. It is demonstrated how universal and lexical methods provide somewhat complementary information. The combination of methods also yields greater stability of value circle effects. Factors identified in prior EVI and SVS factor analyses can be embedded into the multidimensional-scaling solutions identified in the present investigation.
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(2016): Social Anxiety and Socioemotional Functioning During Early Adolescence. The Mediating Role of Best Friend Emotion Socialization. In: The Journal of Early Adolescence 38 (2), S. 238-260. DOI: 10.1177/0272431616665212
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616665212 Abstract: Best friend expected emotion socialization responses were examined as a potential explanation for the link between social anxiety and youths’ friendship quality and dysfunctional emotion regulation (ER). A community sample of 202 young adolescents ( Xage = 12.66; 52.5% girls, 75.7% White) within 101 same-sex, reciprocated best friend dyads completed measures of social anxiety, friendship quality, dysfunctional ER, and how they expected their friend to respond to their negative emotions. Social anxiety was related to lower expectations of support (i.e., reward, override) responses from friends, and for boys, to greater expectations of unsupportive (i.e., neglect, aggression) responses from friends. Lower expected support responses mediated the relation between social anxiety and socioemotional functioning for girls. For boys, greater expectations of unsupportive responses mediated the relation between social anxiety and socioemotional functioning. Findings indicate that social a nxiety may disrupt emotion socialization processes within adolescent friendships with implications for youth socioemotional functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
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(2016): Beyond Technological Mediation. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (3), S. 177-197. DOI: 10.5840/techne201671949
Abstract: Several philosophers of technology have argued that technology mediates human actions. For example, in the branch of post-phenomenology, authors such as Don Ihde and Peter-Paul Verbeek have described the mediating aspects of technology in terms of morality of technology (more prominent in Verbeek) as well as in the sense that technology changes our perception of ourselves and the world (more prominent in Ihde). In this article, different existing types of mediation are presented, critiqued, and enriched. The four types are illustrated by referring to military high-tech environments with a focus on visual data and imaging technologies. These technologies can mediate actions (1) by inviting certain behavior, (2) through amplification and reduction, (3) through built-in norms, and (4) through interpretation. The four types of mediation mainly focus on the technology or technological artifact itself. What these approaches fail to grasp, however, is the specific user practices in which most technologies function. In this article, it is argued that to understand the mediating aspects of technology more fully, attention should be paid to the specific user context in which the technology functions. Therefore, an enriched understanding of the four types of mediation of technology is proposed by taking the lens of normative practices and analyzing the different types of mediation through this lens. The Kunduz airstrike incident, which took place in 2009 in Afghanistan, is a case in which a visual data sharing device called Rover played a prominent role. This case is used in this article to illustrate how technology mediates human actions in military practice.
Keywords: Bürger vs. Staat, Disziplin, Grundlagenreflexion, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Militär, Philosophie, Reflexionen über MTR, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Spezifischer Nutzer-Kontext beim Benutzer der Maschine, Technikphilosophie, (Theory of) technological mediation, Verbeek, Zeitschrift: techne -
(2016): The conceptual link between social desirability and cultural normativity. In: International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie 51 (6), S. 474-480. DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12261
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26914819 Abstract: Psychologists have a recurrent concern that socially desirable responding (SDR) is a form of response distortion that compromises the validity of self-report measures, especially in high-stakes situations where participants are motivated to make a good impression. Psychologists have used various strategies to minimise SDR or its impact, for example, forced choice responding, ipsatization, and direct measures of social desirability. However, empirical evidence suggests that SDR is a robust phenomenon existing in many cultures and a substantive variable with meaningful associations with other psychological variables and outcomes. Here, we review evidence of the occurrence of SDR across cultures and tie SDR to the study of cultural normativity and cultural consonance in anthropology. We suggest that cultural normativity is an important component of SDR, which may partly explain the adaptiveness of SDR and its association with positive outcomes.
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(2016): Agent-based modelling in applied ethology. An exploratory case study of behavioural dynamics in tail biting in pigs. In: Applied Animal Behaviour Science 183, S. 10-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.011
Abstract: Understanding behavioural dynamics in pigs is important to assess pig welfare in current intensive pig production systems. Agent-based modelling (ABM) is an approach to gain insight into behavioural dynamics in pigs, but its use in applied ethology and animal welfare science has been limited so far. We used ABM in a case study on tail biting behaviour in pigs to explore the use of ABM in gaining more insight into emergent injurious pig behaviour and related welfare issues in intensive production systems. We developed an agent-based model in Netlogo 5.1.0 to simulate tail biting behaviour of pigs housed in conventional pens in groups of 10. Pigs in the model started as neutral pigs (not involved in biting incidents), but could change into a biter, victim, or both biter and victim. Tail biting behaviour could emerge when pigs were unable to fulfil their internal motivation to explore. The effects of a redirected exploratory motivation, behavioural changes in victims and preference to bite a lying pig on tail biting patterns were tested in our model. The simulations with the agent-based model showed that coincidence in development of a redirected exploratory motivation can lead to tail biting behaviour in pigs and can explain the strong variations in incidence of tail biting behaviour observed in conventionally housed pigs. Behavioural changes in victims and preference to bite a lying pig seem to be of minor importance in the causation of tail biting patterns. The behavioural time budget of a pig might be an important factor in predisposing pigs to or preventing them from becoming a tail biter or a victim. ABM showed to be useful in analysing behavioural dynamics and welfare issues. An advantage for ABM in applied ethology is the availability of data from empirical studies.
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Bourdeau, Jacqueline (2016): Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web, Montreal, Canada, May 11 - 15, 2016. the 25th International Conference. Montréal, Québec, Canada, 4/11/2016 - 4/15/2016. International Conference on World Wide Web. Geneva: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee
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(2016): Dual-Process Theories in Moral Psychology. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Theoretical Empirical and Practical Considerations. 1st ed. 2016. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Abstract: Discusses whether empirical findings about the contents of laypeople's moral judgments can also be relevant for normative questions. The authors argue that there are conditions under which empirical data can have a bearing on the strength of specific normative arguments. Distinctions in the methodology of normative ethics (i.e., preservationist and liberationists) were described. The authors' argument was then illustrated with a concrete example from the literature concerning the moral relevance of spatial distance and whether spatial proximity increases one's moral obligation to help a stranger. Potential objections to and extensions of the argument were discussed. It is concluded that moral psychology can make its most interesting contributions to normative ethics on the level of relatively concrete case-based intuitions.
Keywords: Moral, Verhaltensforschung -
(2016): The Spectrum of Safety-Related Rule Violations. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 10 (2), S. 178-196. DOI: 10.1177/1555343416652745
Abstract: In a production context, safety-related rule violations are often associated with rule breaking and unsafe behavior even if violations are not necessarily malevolent. Nevertheless, our past experiments indicated a range of strategies between violation and rule compliance. Based on this finding, different types of rule-related behavior for managing organizations’ goal conflict between safety and productivity are assumed. To deepen the understanding of rule violations, the behavior of 152 participants in a business simulation was analyzed. Participants operated a plant as a production worker for 36 simulated weeks. In each week, they could choose to comply with safety rules or to violate them in order to maximize their salary. A cluster analysis of the 5,472 decisions made on how to operate the plant included the severity of the violations, the number of times participants changed their rule-related strategy, and the extent of failure/success of these strategies. Five clusters of rule-related behavior were extracted: the compliant but ineffective 'executor' (15%), the production-optimizing and behavioral variable 'optimizer' (13%), the successful and compliant 'well behaved' (36%), the notoriously violating 'inconvincible' (29%), and the 'experimenter' (7%), who does not succeed with various violating strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
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(2016) : Detailed Record Title: Geschlechtsunterschiede und Geschlechtsstereotype In: Bierhoff, Hans-Werner; Frey, Dieter (Hg.): Soziale Motive und soziale Einstellungen: 1. Auflage: Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie), S. 759-793
Abstract: Ein Überblick über die sozialpsychologische Forschung zu Geschlechtsunterschieden und Geschlechtsstereotypen wird gegeben. Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen zur Definition von Geschlecht (biologisches versus soziales Geschlecht, Geschlechtsidentität, Geschlechtsschemata) und Geschlechtsunterschieden sowie zu häufigen Fehlannahmen in Bezug auf Geschlechtsunterschiede werden empirische Befunde zu Geschlechtsunterschieden dargestellt. Die Befunde beziehen sich auf Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen in folgenden Bereichen: kognitive Fähigkeiten; Persönlichkeit; soziales Verhalten; Präferenzen; Konformität; Attributionen; sozialer Vergleich; ethisches bzw. unethisches Verhalten; hilfsbereites Verhalten; Geschlechtsunterschiede im Beruf. Anschließend werden Theorien zur Erklärung von Geschlechtsunterschieden behandelt: evolutionspsychologische Theorie; sozialer Konstruktivismus; biosoziale Theorie; soziokulturelle Theorie. Der nächst Abschnitt beschäftigt sich mit Definitionen, Wirkmechanismen und Inhalten von Geschlechtsstereotypen ("Agency" und "Communion" als fundamentale Basis der sozialen Wahrnehmung; soziale Rollentheorie nach Eagly und Kollegen; das "stereotype content model" nach Fiske und Kollegen), mit der impliziten und expliziten Messung von Geschlechtsstereotypen und mit deren Wirkung ("Women-are-wonderful"-Effekt; "Think manager, think male"-Phänomen; "Lack-of-fit"-Modell; "Backlash"-Effekt; "Double Standards"; Vorurteile gegenüber weiblichen Führungskräften; "Glass-cliff"-Phänomen). Abschließend wird auf die Anwendung der Befunde und auf Perspektiven für die zukünftige Forschung eingegangen. zitiert von 2
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(2016): Iconic gestures for robot avatars, recognition and integration with speech. In: Frontiers in psychology 7
Abstract: Co-verbal gestures are an important part of human communication, improving its efficiency and efficacy for information conveyance. One possible means by which such multi-modal communication might be realized remotely is through the use of a tele-operated humanoid robot avatar. Such avatars have been previously shown to enhance social presence and operator salience. We present a motion tracking based tele-operation system for the NAO robot platform that allows direct transmission of speech and gestures produced by the operator. To assess the capabilities of this system for transmitting multi-modal communication, we have conducted a user study that investigated if robot-produced iconic gestures are comprehensible, and are integrated with speech. Robot performed gesture outcomes were compared directly to those for gestures produced by a human actor, using a within participant experimental design. We show that iconic gestures produced by a tele-operated robot are understood by participants when presented alone, almost as well as when produced by a human. More importantly, we show that gestures are integrated with speech when presented as part of a multi-modal communication equally well for human and robot performances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Usability and acceptability assessment of an empathic virtual agent to prevent major depression. In: Expert Systems: International Journal of Knowledge Engineering and Neural Networks 33 (4), S. 297-312. DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12151
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12151 Abstract: In Human–Computer Interaction, the adaptation of the content and the way of how this content is communicated to the users in interactive sessions is a critical issue to promote the acceptability and usability of any computational system. We present a user‐adapted interactive platform to identify and provide an early intervention for symptoms of depression and suicide. In particular, we describe the work performed to assess users’ system acceptability and usability. An empathic Virtual Agent is the main interface with the user, and it has been designed to generate the appropriate dialogues and emotions during the interactions according to the detected user’s specific needs. This personalization is based on a dynamic user model nurtured with clinical, demographical and behavioural information. The evaluation was performed with 60 participants from the university community. The obtained results were promising, allowing the execution of a further clinical trial. The system’s usability score was 75.7%, and the score of the user‐adapted content and the emotional responses of the Virtual Agent was 70.9%. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination. How Sexism Impacts Development. In: Advances in child development and behavior 50, S. 105-133. DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2015.11.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956071 Abstract: In this chapter, we summarize and integrate some of the latest developmental science research on gender stereotypes and discrimination in childhood and adolescence. We focus on five forms of sexism: (a) stereotypes and discrimination against boys regarding their school behaviors and disciplinary actions; (b) stereotypes and discrimination against girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains; (c) stereotypes and discrimination in sports; (d) peer gendered harassment, including sexual harassment and teasing because of gender atypicality or nonconformity; and (e) sexualized gender stereotypes that sexually objectify girls and assume boys are sexually voracious. First, we document each type of sexism and examine children's awareness and perceptions of that bias, including their own self-reports and attributions. We examine the implications of this sexism for children and adolescents' developmental health (i.e., social, academic, and psychological well-being). We then draw connections between these various areas of research, focusing on how these different forms of sexism interact to reduce equity and justice among children and negatively impact positive developmental outcomes. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.
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(2016): Supplemental Material for Power and the Pursuit of a Partner’s Goals. In: Journal of personality and social psychology. DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000048.supp
Abstract: We investigated how power dynamics in close relationships influence the tendency to devote resources to the pursuit of goals valued by relationship partners, hypothesizing that low (vs. high) power in relationships would lead individuals to center their individual goal pursuit around the goals of their partners. We study 2 related phenomena: partner goal prioritization, whereby individuals pursue goals on behalf of their partners, and partner goal contagion, whereby individuals identify and adopt as their own the goals that their partner pursues. We tested our ideas in 5 studies that employed diverse research methods, including lab experiments and dyadic studies of romantic partners, and multiple types of dependent measures, including experience sampling reports, self-reported goal commitment, and behavioral goal pursuit in a variety of goal domains. Despite this methodological diversity, the studies provided clear and consistent evidence that individuals with low power in their relationships are especially likely to engage in both partner goal prioritization and partner goal contagion. zitiert von 16