Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Behind the Veil: The Strategic Use of Religious Garb. In: European Sociological Review 32 (6), S. 792-806. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcw035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcw035 Abstract: There is anecdotal evidence that since the late 20th century young, educated, and urban Muslim women veil more frequently and strictly. Does this imply that the classical sociological theories of religion, which predict that modernization should cause a decrease in religious behaviours, do not apply to Islam? We investigate this question using structural equation modelling to analyse three datasets, one from Turkey, one covering 25 Muslim countries, and one from Belgium where Muslims are a minority. We find that averagely religious women conform to the classical theories’ predictions. But among highly religious women the modernizing forces—education, occupation and higher income, urban living, and contacts with non-Muslims—increase veiling. We conjecture that for highly religious women modernizing factors raise the risk and temptation in women's environments that imperil their reputation for modesty: veiling would then be a strategic response, a form either of commitment to prevent the breach of religious norms or of signalling women’s piety to their communities. Our findings have implications for cultural policy and Muslim integration in Europe.
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(2016) : Social LSTM: Human Trajectory Prediction in Crowded Spaces: 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: CVPR 2016 : proceedings : 26 June-1 July 2016, Las Vegas, Nevada. Unter Mitarbeit von Růžena Bajcsy, Fei-Fei Li und Tinne Tuytelaars: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 961-971
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Albers, Irene; Franke, Anselm (Hg.) (2016): Animismus. Revisionen der Moderne. Neuauflage. Zürich: Diaphanes
Abstract: Der 'Animismus' ist eine Erfindung der Ethnologie des 19. Jahrhunderts, geprägt auf dem Höhepunkt des europäischen Kolonialismus. Animisten bevölkern die unbelebte Natur mit Seelen und Geistern. Das erklärt man als eine die materielle Realität verkennende 'Projektion', durch die den Dingen und der Natur Leben und Handlungsmacht zugeschrieben wird. Animismus wird so zum Gegenbild moderner Wissenschaft, zum Ausdruck eines 'Naturzustands', in dem Psyche und Natur als ungeschieden gelten. Wenn sich letzthin ein neues Interesse am Animismus herausgebildet hat, liegt das nicht daran, dass der Begriff als wissenschaftliche Kategorie rehabilitiert wurde. Vielmehr ist die kategorische Trennung von subjektiver und objektiver Welt selbst in Bewegung geraten.
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Allen, Tammy D. (2016): The Oxford handbook of work and family. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
Keywords: Gender -
(2016): Roboethics: Sharing Our World with Humanlike Robots. In: IEEE Potentials 35 (1), S. 24-28. DOI: 10.1109/MPOT.2014.2364491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPOT.2014.2364491 Abstract: Major debates surround the field of robotics, making the potential development of humanlike robots one of the most controversial facets of modern technology. This is the result of the technology’s young age. A new technology must meet a number of requirements before people will reach an agreement on it; legal, social, and global considerations must be explored before robotics applications will be accepted by society.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ethical aspects, Ethics, global considerations, humanlike robots, Humanoid Robots, Humanoids, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, legal considerations, Moral & Ethik, roboethics, robotics applications, Robots, social considerations, Social factors, Social implications of technology -
(2016): Soft Diplomacy or Hard Policy Benefits? Exploring the Value of Cross-jurisdictional Learning Exchanges in Policy and Public Administration across the Asia-Pacific Region. In: ASR Chiang Mai University Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (1), S. 1-25
Abstract: Cross-jurisdictional learning exchange opportunities are unanimously endorsed as offering value, not only to individual and organizational development, but also to policy growth and jurisdictional diplomatic relations (see, for example, Robinson, 2016). When pressed for measurable impact, however, the question is how? On what grounds do such pursuits provide value and what, if anything, is unique to the style or practice of exchange that promotes value? This article explores links between three otherwise disconnected literatures to explore the possibilities of a unique Asia-Pacific pedagogy that marries substantive comparative policy learning with practical soft diplomacy outcomes, as well as learning and executive training enhancement. The first two literatures exist in comparative policy theory and practice, namely: (a) policy learning literature on best, smart, promising, and wise practices (see, for example, Bardach n.d.; Wesley-Esquimaux and Calliou, 2011); and (b) policy diffusion/ transfer/lesson-drawing literature (see, for example, Rose, 1993; Dolowitz and Marsh, 2000; Shipan and Volden, 2008). The third literature set is situated within policy training practice, namely, interactive and immersive learning pedagogy used in the executive education space (see, for example, Alford and Brock, 2014). These literatures all speak to value propositions underpinning cross-jurisdictional learning exchanges, but in different ways. This anticle uses the discrete case of the partnership between the Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG) and the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (LKYSPP) to probe and synthesize these different literature perspectives. It maps an exploratory set of propositions to test with empirical research. It argues that there may be unique Asia-Pacific benefits in the soft diplomacy and hard policy arenas that come with cross-jurisdictional learning exchanges in the policy and public administration sphere. The paper advocates for more self-conscious reflection by practitioners and theorists on unique elements of (a)n Asia-Pacific pedagogy that might characterise particular value impacts for countries in the region, as well as for the region itself.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SV -
(2016): Sociological theory in the contemporary era. Text and readings. 3 edition. New york; London: Sage
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Arabnia, Hamid R.; Deligiannidis, Leonidas; Yang, Mary (Hg.) (2016): 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence. CSCI 2016 : 15-17 December 2016, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA : proceedings. 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). Las Vegas, NV, USA, 12/15/2016 - 12/17/2016. International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence; Csci. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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(2016): Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology. Framing the language-ready brain. In: PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS 16, S. 1-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2015.09.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26482863 Abstract: We make the case for developing a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology to inform the analysis of the function and evolution of the human brain. First, we update the mirror system hypothesis on the evolution of the language-ready brain by (i) modeling action and action recognition and opportunistic scheduling of macaque brains to hypothesize the nature of the last common ancestor of macaque and human (LCA-m); and then we (ii) introduce dynamic brain modeling to show how apes could acquire gesture through ontogenetic ritualization, hypothesizing the nature of evolution from LCA-m to the last common ancestor of chimpanzee and human (LCA-c). We then (iii) hypothesize the role of imitation, pantomime, protosign and protospeech in biological and cultural evolution from LCA-c to Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Second, we suggest how cultural evolution in Homo sapiens led from protolanguages to full languages with grammar and compositional semantics. Third, we assess the similarities and differences between the dorsal and ventral streams in audition and vision as the basis for presenting and comparing two models of language processing in the human brain: A model of (i) the auditory dorsal and ventral streams in sentence comprehension; and (ii) the visual dorsal and ventral streams in defining "what language is about" in both production and perception of utterances related to visual scenes provide the basis for (iii) a first step towards a synthesis and a look at challenges for further research.
Keywords: Animals, Ape gesture, Auditive Faktoren, Biological Evolution, Computational Biology, Cultural evolution, Dorsal and ventral stream, dorsale und ventrale Ströme, Dyadic brain modeling, dynamic brain modelling, Evolution, Gehirnfunktion, Grammatik, Humans, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Imitation, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Kompositionale Semantik, Künstliche Intelligenz, Language, Language evolution, language-ready brain, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Models, Neurological, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Pantomime, Primates, Protosprachen, Psychomotor Performance, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, sprachbereites Gehirn, Sprache, Sprachevolution, Sprachfähigkeit, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Tier-Mensch-Vergleich, Vollsprachigkeit (vs. Protosprachigkeit) -
(2016): Etiquette Books, Discourse and the Deployment of an Order of Things. In: Theory, Culture & Society 16 (4), S. 25-48. DOI: 10.1177/02632769922050700
Abstract: Grounded on Foucault's suggestion that discourses are not just referential or representational systems, but part of the infrastructure ordering practices in a society, this article analyzes transformations in the etiquette literature in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century. It claims that the transformations undergone by etiquette books at the time involved not only a change in the substance of manners but also in their format, and it shows how this change in format embodied and helped deploy an infrastructure of social relations constituted by a logic of decenteredness, as opposed to a logic of centeredness. The article discusses both the theoretical issues raised by the concept of an infrastructure of social relations and methodological points concerning the use of etiquette books for social research, and raises some analytical questions regarding our understanding of American history at the time, as well as our more general conceptions of modernity and postmodernity. In order to reinforce its general argument concerning the embeddedness of an infrastructure of social relations in discourse, and to help clarify the idea of a logic of decenteredness, the article also illustrates how etiquette books from a much earlier period embodied and deployed a logic of centeredness.
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(2016): What We Can Intend. Recognition and Collective Intentionality. In: The Southern Journal of Philosophy 54 (1), S. 5-26. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12162
Abstract: The concept of recognition has played a role in two debates. In political philosophy, it is part of a communitarian response to liberal theories of distributive justice. It describes what it means to respect others' right to self-determination. In ethics, Stephen Darwall argues that it comprises our judgment that we owe others moral consideration. I present a competing account of recognition on the grounds that most accounts answer the question of why others deserve recognition without answering the question of what is involved in recognizing them. This paper answers the latter. I argue that, in general, recognition is something that we do to others rather than something that we think about others. In particular, recognition is an intentional action to treat another individual as a legitimate, self-determining agent. I then show that recognition's realizability requires that agents understand their intentions as dependent on others for their satisfaction. Thus, relations of recognition are instances of collective intentionality.
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(2016) : The role of culture in online behaviour. In: Attrill, A.: Applied Cyberpsychology: Practical Applications of Cyberpsychological Theory and Research: London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, S. 39-57
Abstract: Why think about the role of culture in the applied aspects of online behavior? In order to answer this question, take a look around you. What do you see? You may be in your own living room, in an office, on a train or a bus. Take a moment to think about these surroundings and other locations in which you live your life. This is the society and culture within which you currently exist. These surroundings and the people in them influence and are imparted upon by the ways in which you carry out your life, both online and offline. The Internet has become such an integral part of our daily lives that many use it without even thinking of it as representing an applied aspect of modern life. By considering cultural differences in online behaviour, we can show that not everyone the world over is reliant on the Internet, nor does everyone the world over use it in the same applied manner. There are both intra- and inter-cultural differences in the applied aspects of online behaviour . Hopefu lly, on reading this chapter, the reader is inspired to consider and explore further areas of cross-cultural research in online behaviour. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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Attrill, A. (2016): Applied Cyberpsychology. Practical Applications of Cyberpsychological Theory and Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=4719881
Abstract: Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Digital Inclusion and Disability -- 2 Parenting the Online Child -- 3 The Role of Culture in Online Behaviour -- 4 Natives and Immigrants: Closing the Digital Generation Gap -- 5 Technology-Assisted Memory -- 6 Internet Addiction: A Clinical Perspective -- 7 Online Support Groups: Enhancing the User Experience with Cyber-Psychological Theory -- 8 Counselling in Online Environments -- 9 Romantic Relationships and Online Dating -- 10 Online Consumer Behaviour 11 Applying Psychology within Games Development: What Can the Gaming Industry Learn from the Discipline? -- 12 Military and Defence Applications -- 13 Social Media Impact on Organisations -- 14 Online Psychometric Assessment -- Index
Keywords: Culture -
(2016): Social and Legal Aspects of the Educational Support of Adolescents with Deviant Behavior. In: International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 11 (11), S. 4768-4781. Online verfügbar unter http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1114877.pdf
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of the organization of working with adolescents with deviant behavior through the development and implementation of their psychological and pedagogical support based on student-centered and system approaches. Holistic application of components of psychological and pedagogical support (diagnostic, developmental and correctional) we consider as an open system that interacts with the social environment. The authors determine that modern models of deviant behavior correlation ought to focus on creating the conditions that allow the child to build their own system of relations with the world, other people, himself and independently to overcome difficulties; moreover, they should include reflexive and analytical approach to the process and the result of psychological and pedagogical support. Experienced and experimental work on the implementation of psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents with deviant behavior in secondary school allowed us to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of using a specially designed program of psychological and pedagogical support of adolescent with deviant behavior with a view to its correction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Antisocial Behavior, Behavior Disorders, Behavior Problems, Control Groups, Correlation, Deviant behavior, Experimental Groups, Foreign Countries, individual development, Interviews, Pädagogische Psychologie, Personality Development, Program Effectiveness, Questionnaires, Research Methodology, Secondary School Students, Verhaltensforschung -
(2016): `Space - The Final Frontier'. In: Sociology 33 (3), S. 535-553. DOI: 10.1177/S0038038599000346
Abstract: For too long the built working environment has been excluded from the analysis of work organisations. Buildings, like other cultural artefacts, encapsulate social and economic priorities and values, and represent prevailing power structures. Work buildings, such as offices and factories, both make possible the organisation of the labour process and also serve as structures of non-verbal communication, providing cues on hierarchy, status and appropriate behaviour. Control over the working environment can be seen as a constituent part of the control of the labour process, displaying similar cyclical movements. Human resource management and information technology are currently combining to encourage a reappraisal of the working environment, but one that is not without its own contradictions.
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(2016): Outline of a sensory-motor perspective on intrinsically moral agents. In: Adaptive Behavior 24 (5), S. 306-319. DOI: 10.1177/1059712316667203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712316667203 Abstract: We propose that moral behaviour of artificial agents could (and should) be intrinsically grounded in their own sensory-motor experiences. Such an ability depends critically on seven types of competencies. First, intrinsic morality should be grounded in the internal values of the robot arising from its physiology and embodiment. Second, the moral principles of robots should develop through their interactions with the environment and with other agents. Third, we claim that the dynamics of moral (or social) emotions closely follows that of other non-social emotions used in valuation and decision making. Fourth, we explain how moral emotions can be learned from the observation of others. Fifth, we argue that to assess social interaction, a robot should be able to learn about and understand responsibility and causation. Sixth, we explain how mechanisms that can learn the consequences of actions are necessary for a robot to make moral decisions. Seventh, we describe how the moral evaluation mechanisms outlined can be extended to situations where a robot should understand the goals of others. Finally, we argue that these competencies lay the foundation for robots that can feel guilt, shame and pride, that have compassion and that know how to assign responsibility and blame. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Knowledge Transfer for Scene-specific Motion Prediction. Online verfügbar unter http://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.06987v2
Abstract: When given a single frame of the video, humans can not only interpret the content of the scene, but also they are able to forecast the near future. This ability is mostly driven by their rich prior knowledge about the visual world, both in terms of (i) the dynamics of moving agents, as well as (ii) the semantic of the scene. In this work we exploit the interplay between these two key elements to predict scene-specific motion patterns. First, we extract patch descriptors encoding the probability of moving to the adjacent patches, and the probability of being in that particular patch or changing behavior. Then, we introduce a Dynamic Bayesian Network which exploits this scene specific knowledge for trajectory prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to accurately predict trajectories and transfer predictions to a novel scene characterized by similar elements.
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(2016): The ethics of everyday life. Moral theology, social anthropology, and the imagination of the human. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press
Abstract: What should the opportunities and demands of my spouse’s work mean for me given the opportunities and demands of my own work? Should we move away from our extended family for a better job? Should we have children now? What kind of education do we owe our children? How do we balance the demands of our aging parents with the demands of our children? Do my spouse and my children really know how much I love them? How much should we be giving to the church and to this or that cause? Is it okay to drive this safer car and to drive it as much as I do given how much CO2 it emits? Should I really order a steak? I suspect that these are the sorts of moral questions that bedevil a majority of individuals most of the time—nothing glamorous, nothing exciting, only the warp and woof of our daily lives. We want to live faithfully and well, knowing that to live such a life will require a thousand little decisions that may have unintended ethical consequences. [End Page 379] The typical class in ethics, even Christian ethics or moral theology, and the typical anthology used in such a class follows a standard formula. The first part of the class/book is devoted to an examination of the major theories on offer and includes an account of deontological or nonconsequentialist theories (the nature of the act is what makes it wrong or right) with the greatest attention devoted to variations of Kantian ethics. It also includes various permutations of consequentialist or utilitarian ethics (do the greatest good, however that is understood, for the greatest number of people). This, in turn, is typically followed by an introduction to virtue ethics in some shape or form. After this groundwork is laid, students are then given the opportunity to sink their teeth into the juicy bits, namely the “application” of these theories and their guiding principles to a fairly standard set of moral problems, many of which are bioethical problems, including beginning of life issues such as cloning, in vitro fertilization and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, and abortion, and end of life issues such as euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Other issues include the intentional taking of human life in war and capital punishment; hunger and poverty; and environmental responsibilities and animal welfare. Students who complete such a class may emerge relieved that morality, having so little to do with their daily lives, is not quite as demanding as they had feared. After all, how likely is it that they will come face to face with any of these hard moral problems, much less more than one? And if they should perchance encounter one of these problems, they need only to plug the moral principle into it. “Ethics is really pretty simple,” they may think. Michael Banner, Dean and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, is hardly the first to notice how distorting and unhelpful is the reduction of ethics to an attempted resolution of a hard moral problem. Moral quandaries are but a minor part of the moral life. Unlike earlier critics like Alasdair MacIntyre, who turned to Aristotle to forge a retrieval of an ethics of virtue as an alternative to an ethics of hard cases, Banner commends an “everyday ethics,” an ethics of the course of life (and says not a word about virtue). And where earlier critics, especially MacIntyre, find modern morality, both in theory and in practice, incoherent, Banner is dismissive only of the practices of most modern moral theorists (in particular, bioethicists), and not modern moral practices themselves. Indeed, moral theory should attend to moral phenomena. [End Page 380] Furthermore, because cultural anthropology (in Britain “social anthropology”) is the discipline in which moral phenomena is most closely examined and described, moral theology must partner with social anthropology. Moral theology will do its appropriate work only through its...
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Bartneck, Christoph (2016): The Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press
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(2016): Communal and Exchange Relationships. What is the Difference?. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (6), S. 677-683. DOI: 10.1177/0146167293196002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293196002 Abstract: Replying to Batson (this issue), who argues that the difference between communal and exchange relationships is less than might be imagined, the authors review the communal/exchange distinction, discuss what it does and does not mean, and address specific issues raised by Batson. They conclude, contrary to claims by Batson, that (a) ingratiation cannot account for all the findings supporting the communal/exchange distinction; (b) if desire for a communal relationship leads to ingratiation, that does not contradict the distinction; (c) if communal norms are followed for other than altruistic reasons, that does not undermine the distinction, (d) the difference between communal and exchange relationships is not limited to the breadth of benefits exchanged; (e) the difference between communal and exchange relationships is not limited to a difference in etiquette; rather, the communal/exchange distinction provides a theoretical explanation for the difference in etiquette. The Difference Between Communal and Exchange Relationships:.... Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258180677_The_Difference_Between_Communal_and_Exchange_Relationships_What_It_Is_and_Is_Not [accessed Apr 11 2018].
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(2016): Semantic language models with deep neural networks. In: COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE 40, S. 1-22
Abstract: In this paper we explore the use of semantics in training language models for automatic speech recognition and spoken language understanding. Traditional language models (LMs) do not consider the semantic constraints and train models based on fixed-sized word histories. The theory of frame semantics analyzes word meanings and their constructs by using "semantic frames". Semantic frames represent a linguistic scene with its relevant participants and their relations. They are triggered by target words and include slots which are filled by frame elements. We present semantic LMs (SELMs), which use recurrent neural network architectures and the linguistic scene of frame semantics as context. SELMs incorporate semantic features which are extracted from semantic frames and target words. In this way, long-range and "latent" dependencies, i.e. the implicit semantic dependencies between words, are incorporated into LMs. This is crucial especially when the main aim of spoken language systems is understanding what the user means. Semantic features consist of low-level features, where frame and target information is directly used; and deep semantic encodings, where deep autoencoders are used to extract semantic features. We evaluate the performance of SELMs on publicly available corpora: the Wall Street Journal read-speech corpus and the LUNA human-human conversational corpus. The encoding of semantic frames into SELMs improves the word recognition performance and especially the recognition performance of the target words, the meaning bearing elements of semantic frames. We assess the performance of SELMs for the understanding tasks and we show that SELMs yield better semantic frame identification performance compared to recurrent neural network LMs.
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(2016): The making of a diplomat: the case of the French Diplomatic and Consular Institute as an identity workspace. In: EUROPEAN SECURITY 25 (4), S. 502-523
Abstract: This article analyses the creation of the Diplomatic and Consular Institute by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and conceptualises this new professional school of diplomacy as an "identity workspace" following the analysis of a cohort's learning experience. This article aims to spark a debate from a practice perspective on diplomatic training as offered by Ministries of Foreign Affairs in Europe.
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(2016) : Sexism In: Nelson, Todd D.: Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination: Second edition: New York, NY; London: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group, S. 315-336
Abstract: Examines sexism and comments on recent research investigating various aspects of it. Concepts and findings regarding typical gender stereotypes, modern sexism, and neosexism are discussed. A particular focus is placed on the issue of ambivalent sexism and how females can be oppressed and loved at the same time through benevolent sexist beliefs such as paternalism or chivalry when based on perceived gender inequality. Sexism in romantic relationships is also addressed in depth. The author concludes with a review of the consequences of sexism and suggestions for confronting and reducing it.
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(2016): Desperately Seeking Support. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 8 (2), S. 229-238. DOI: 10.1177/1948550616671402
Abstract: Much is unknown about adult attachment style formation. We investigate whether negative reinforcement schedules promote hallmark features of secure and anxious attachment styles in a shock threat support-seeking paradigm. Participants ostensibly asked for help from another participant seated in another room. Each time a shock threat signal appeared they were to press a button to indicate their need for help. The supporter could then stop the imminent shock. The reliability of the supporters was varied such that some supporters were consistent (continuous reinforcement) whereas others were inconsistent (variable ratio reinforcement). Results indicated that inconsistently responsive others, reinforcing on a variable ratio schedule, led to heightened approach-related attentional biases toward the supporter, measured by event-related potentials, increased positive attachment associations with the supporter, implicitly measured via a lexical decision task, and more negative explicit evaluations of the supporter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
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(2016): Moral objectivism across the lifespan. In: Philosophical Psychology 29 (6), S. 912-929. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2016.1174843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2016.1174843 Abstract: We report the results of two studies that examine folk metaethical judgments about the objectivity of morality. We found that participants attributed almost as much objectivity to ethical statements as they did to statements of physical fact and significantly more objectivity to ethical statements than to statements about preferences or tastes. In both studies, younger participants attributed less objectivity to ethical statements than older participants. Females were observed to attribute slightly less objectivity to ethical statements than males, and we found important interactions between attributions of objectivity and other factors, such as how strong participants’ moral opinions were and how much disagreement about the issue they perceived to exist within society. We believe our results have significant implications for debates about the nature of folk morality and about the nature of morality in general. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved ) zitiert von 21