Alle Publikationen
2010
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(2010): United States protocol. The guide to official diplomatic etiquette. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10623031
Abstract: Ambassador Mary French uses her personal experience as a former Chief of Protocol to give us the most up-to-date and user-friendly guide to diplomatic protocol at the international, national, and state level. She includes meticulous instructions, in-depth diagrams and tables, a comprehensive table of contents, and a plethora of examples that make United States Protocol the perfect guide to any official event United States Protocol is a must-have reference for communicating with government and business officials, international organizations, and high-level military personnel, both in the United States and abroad. Everything you need is presented in a comprehensive, detailed, and well-organized book that makes it easy to navigate official protocol. In the foreword President Bill Clinton says it is "an authoritative user's manual for international relations, it promises to become an indispensable reference---not only for those in Washington, but for all Americans in contact with people in other nations." Ambassador Mary Mel French uses her personal experience as a former chief of protocol to give us the most up-to-date and user-friendly guide to diplomatic protocol at the international, national, and state level. She includes meticulous instructions, in-depth diagrams and tables, a comprehensive table of contents, and a plethora of examples that makes United States Protocol the perfect guide to any official event
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(2010): Being grateful is beyond good manners. Gratitude and motivation to contribute to society among early adolescents. In: Motivation and Emotion 34 (2), S. 144-157. DOI: 10.1007/s11031-010-9163-z
Abstract: Gratitude, a positive response to receiving a benefit, may contribute more to youth than just momentary happiness. It may ignite in youth a motivation for "upstream generativity" whereby its experience contributes to a desire to give back to their neighborhood, community, and world. We tested this notion by longitudinally examining early adolescents' gratitude and their social integration, or motivation to use their strengths to help others and feel connected to others at a macro level. Middle school students (N = 700) completed measures of gratitude, prosocial behavior, life satisfaction, and social integration at baseline (T1), 3-months (T2), and 6-months (T3) later. Using bootstrapping to examine multiple mediators, controlling for demographics and social integration at T1, we found that gratitude at T1 predicted social integration at T3 and that prosocial behavior and life satisfaction at T2 mediated the relation. Further mediational analyses showed that gratitude and social integration serially enhanced each other. This prospective evidence aligns well with the interpretation that gratitude may help to initiate upward spirals toward greater emotional and social well-being. Implications are discussed in terms of gratitude's role in positive youth development.
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(2010): Culture and cooperation. In: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 365 (1553), S. 2651-2661. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0135
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679109 Abstract: Does the cultural background influence the success with which genetically unrelated individuals cooperate in social dilemma situations? In this paper, we provide an answer by analysing the data of Herrmann et al. (2008a), who studied cooperation and punishment in 16 subject pools from six different world cultures (as classified by Inglehart & Baker (2000)). We use analysis of variance to disentangle the importance of cultural background relative to individual heterogeneity and group-level differences in cooperation. We find that culture has a substantial influence on the extent of cooperation, in addition to individual heterogeneity and group-level differences identified by previous research. The significance of this result is that cultural background has a substantial influence on cooperation in otherwise identical environments. This is particularly true in the presence of punishment opportunities.
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Gahleitner, Silke Birgitta; Hahn, Gernot (Hg.) (2010): Gefährdete Kindheit. Risiko, Resilienz und Hilfen. 2. Aufl.. Bonn: Psychiatrie-Verlag (Klinische Sozialarbeit)
Keywords: klinische Psychologie, Soziale Teilhabe -
Garber, Judy; Dodge, Kenneth A. (1991) (Hg.) (2010): The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press
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(2010): Introduction. The status-quo and quo vadis of impoliteness research. In: Intercultural Pragmatics 7 (4), S. 535-559. DOI: 10.1515/iprg.2010.025
Abstract: The collection of papers included in this special issue seeks to contribute to the burgeoning field of impoliteness research, and to do so in a fashion that helps avoid replicating some of the common problems experienced traditionally by politeness scholars, namely, paucity of models, lack of interdisciplinary inquisitiveness and Anglo-centeredness. It also responds to the call for impoliteness to be theorized in its own right, not merely as the reverse of politeness, but also in relationship with politeness (cf. Xie et al 2005). Thus, as politeness strategies have been found to carry different values in different cultures (Pizziconi 2007), the realization and interpretation of impoliteness in different language and culture groups presents itself as a useful starting point to come to grips with conceptualizations of impoliteness.
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(2010): The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists. A Culture-Sensitive Model for Creating and Reviewing a Code of Ethics. In: Ethics & Behavior 20 (3-4), S. 179-196. DOI: 10.1080/10508421003798885
Abstract: Psychologists live in a globalizing world where traditional boundaries are fading and, therefore, increasingly work with persons from diverse cultural backgrounds. The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists provides a moral framework of universally acceptable ethical principles based on shared human values across cultures. The application of its moral framework in developing codes of ethics and reviewing current codes may help psychologists to respond ethically in a rapidly changing world. In this article, a model is presented to demonstrate how to use the Universal Declaration as a guide for creating or reviewing a code of ethics. This model may assist psychologists in various parts of the world in establishing codes of ethics that will promote global understanding and cooperation while respecting cultural differences. The article describes the steps involved in the application of the model and provides concrete examples as well as several useful comments and suggestions. This guide for the application of the Universal Declaration may also be used for consultation, education, and training relative to the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists.
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(2010): Social robotics. Second International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2010, Singapore, November 23 - 24, 2010 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence). Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10427815
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(2010): Artificial societies of intelligent agents. Virtual experiments of individual and social behavior. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing
Abstract: In this book we use artificial societies to understand and simulate adaptive behaviour and social processes. We obtain this in three parallel ways: First, we present a behaviours production system capable of reproducing a high number of properties of adaptive behaviour and of exhibiting emergent lower cognition. Second, we introduce a simple model for social action, obtaining emergent complex social processes from simple interactions of imitation and induction of behaviours in agents. And third, we present our approximation to a behaviours virtual laboratory, integrating our behaviours production system and our social action model in virtual animats. Before presenting our proposals, we make an introduction to artificial intelligence and behaviour-based systems, and also we give notions of complex systems and artificial societies. Finally, we discuss about the role of adaptive behaviour for understanding cognition and its evolution.
Keywords: Artificial society, behaviour, Cognition, collective misbelief, engeneering, Favoriten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, imitation of behaviour, intelligent agents, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, komplexe Systeme, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, social emergence, Social Simulation, Soziosensitive Systeme, Technik, Technikphilosophie -
(2010) : Secondary action in robot motion: 19th International Symposium in Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Viareggio, Italy: IEEE, S. 310-315
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2010.5598730 Abstract: Secondary action, a concept borrowed from character animation, improves the animation realism by augmenting natural, passive motion to primary action. We use dynamic simulation to induce three techniques of secondary motion for robot hardware, which exploit actuation passivity to overcome hardware constraints and change the dynamic perception of the robot and its motion characteristics. Results of secondary motion due to internal and external forces are presented including discussion on how to choose the appropriate technique for a particular application.
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(2010): Moral satisficing. Rethinking moral behavior as bounded rationality. In: Topics in cognitive science 2 (3), S. 528-554. DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01094.x
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25163875 Abstract: What is the nature of moral behavior? According to the study of bounded rationality, it results not from character traits or rational deliberation alone, but from the interplay between mind and environment. In this view, moral behavior is based on pragmatic social heuristics rather than moral rules or maximization principles. These social heuristics are not good or bad per se, but solely in relation to the environments in which they are used. This has methodological implications for the study of morality: Behavior needs to be studied in social groups as well as in isolation, in natural environments as well as in labs. It also has implications for moral policy: Only by accepting the fact that behavior is a function of both mind and environmental structures can realistic prescriptive means of achieving moral goals be developed. zitiert von: 167
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(2010): Frame analysis. An essay on the organization of experience. 1. Northeastern Univ. Press ed., reprint. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press
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(2010): Factors Affecting Courteous Behavior. In: The Journal of Social Psychology 115 (2), S. 169-174. DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1981.9711655
Abstract: Tested whether an individual could increase the likelihood that another person would act in a more courteous manner toward her or him. Ss were 84 males and 84 females who had to exit from a parking lot by walking through a 15-yd corridor with doors at both ends. Results show that only if a confederate (C) 'intentionally' held the 1st door open for the S would the S reciprocate and hold the 2nd door open for C. Males engaged in more courteous behavior than females, thus supporting previous studies that American females are less prosocial than males. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 7
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(2010): “Just tell us what to do”. Southern African face and its relevance to intercultural communication. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2158-2171. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.017 Abstract: This paper contributes to the debate on the precise nature of face as a universal phenomenon, and the cultural variability within it. Specifically, we bring the 'Southern' perspective to the debate by discussing the previously neglected African dimension. Recent scholarship suggests that the concept of face and the notion of self in traditional African culture may have more in common with Eastern collectivist cultures than with Anglo-American culture. We examine the interactional management of an encounter between a Zimbabwean English speaker and British English speakers in a community singing group. We argue that, while face needs may be universally relevant in such a situation, the way in which they are oriented to in interaction depends on cultural understandings of which aspects of face are paramount in particular circumstances. Since these assumptions are deep-seated and invisible they are not easily open to explicit negotiation and hence can lead to misinterpretation. By conducting an ethnographic study of the communicative event and combining it with a detailed examination of the co-construction of meaning in this interaction, we show how the participants' contributions can be related to differing - and potentially conflicting - interpretation frameworks. These frameworks are informed by culture-specific notions of appropriate self-presentation.
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(2010): Equality versus differentiation. The effects of power dispersion on group interaction. In: The Journal of applied psychology 95 (6), S. 1032-1044. DOI: 10.1037/a0020373
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020373 Abstract: Power is an inherent characteristic of social interaction, yet research has yet to fully explain what power and power dispersion may mean for conflict resolution in work groups. We found in a field study of 42 organizational work groups and a laboratory study of 40 negotiating dyads that the effects of power dispersion on conflict resolution are contingent on the level of interactants' power, thereby explaining contradictory theory and findings on power dispersion. We found that when members have low power, power dispersion is positively related to conflict resolution, but when members have high power, power dispersion is negatively related to conflict resolution (i.e., power equality is better). These findings can be explained by the mediating role of intragroup power struggles. Together, these findings suggest that power hierarchies function as a heuristic solution for conflict and contribute to adaptive social dynamics in groups with low, but not high, levels of power. zitiert von 106
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, Conflict Resolution, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Female, group dynamics, Group Processes, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Interaktionsforschung, Interpersonal Control Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): Adult, Male, Negotiating, POWER, Power (Psychology), social interaction, Work Teams, Workplace -
(2010): Emergence in Sociology. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 42 (2), S. 188-223. DOI: 10.1177/0048393110381770
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(2010): Social cognition. From babies to robots. In: Neural Networks 23 (8). DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2010.09.003
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(2010) : Mitplanen und Mitgestalten - Beteiligung von Kindern In: Gahleitner, Silke Birgitta; Hahn, Gernot (Hg.): Gefährdete Kindheit: Risiko, Resilienz und Hilfen: 2. Aufl.: Bonn: Psychiatrie-Verlag (Klinische Sozialarbeit), S. 260-270
Abstract: Vorteile, Ziele, Gründe und rechtliche Grundlagen von Partizipationsmöglichkeiten und -Partizipationsformen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Gestaltung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens werden diskutiert und entsprechende Schnittstellen zur klinischen Sozialarbeit werden aufgezeigt. Unter Partizipation im Sinne der Bedeutung demokratischer Lernprozesse wird die Einbeziehung von Kindern in gesellschaftliche, politische und kulturelle Entscheidungsprozesse verstanden. Das Thema Kinderpartizipation berührt zudem Kern- und Querschnittsaufgaben klinischer Sozialarbeit, die sich auf die Verbesserung von Selbstverwirklichungschancen von Individuen sowie auf deren Teilhabe, soziale, ökonomische, psychische und gesundheitliche Probleme zu bewältigen, konzentriert. Der Behandlungsgedanke klinischer Sozialarbeit bleibt dabei eher im Hintergrund. Es wird weiterhin ein Überblick über die aktuelle Situation der Beteiligung von Kindern und Jugendlichen gegeben und Bezug genommen auf den 13. Bericht über die Lebenssituation junger Menschen und die Leistungen der Kinder und Jugendhilfe in Deutschland, in dem vor allem auf die gesundheitsfördernde Bedeutung der Partizipation von Kindern hingewiesen wird. Der abschließende Ausblick unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit, dass Erwachsene die Interessen von Kindern und deren Beteiligung ernst nehmen und langfristig kindgerechte Beteiligungsangebote realisieren.
Keywords: Soziale Teilhabe, Sozialtherapie -
(2010): When Species Meet : Staying with the Trouble. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (1), S. 53-55. DOI: 10.1068/d2706wsh
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(2010): Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. From user discussions to academic definitions. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 6 (2). DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2010.011
Abstract: Whilst computer-mediated communication (CMC) can benefit users by providing quick and easy communication between those separated by time and space, it can also provide varying degrees of anonymity that may encourage a sense of impunity and freedom from being held accountable for inappropriate online behaviour. As such, CMC is a fertile ground for studying impoliteness, whether it occurs in response to perceived threat (flaming), or as an end in its own right (trolling). Currently, first and second-order definitions of terms such as impoliteness (Brown and Levinson 1987; Bousfield 2008; Culpeper 2008; Terkourafi 2008), in-civility (Lakoff 2005), rudeness (Beebe 1995, Kienpointner 1997, 2008), and etiquette (Coulmas 1992), are subject to much discussion and debate, yet the CMC phenomenon of trolling is not adequately captured by any of these terms. Following Bousfield (in press), Culpeper (2010) and others, this paper suggests that a definition of trolling should be informed first and foremost by user discussions. Taking examples from a 172-million-word, asynchronous CMC corpus, four interrelated conditions of aggression, deception, disruption, and success are discussed. Finally, a working definition of trolling is presented.
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(2010): When is an email really offensive?. Argumentativity and variability in evaluations of impoliteness. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 6 (1). DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2010.002
Abstract: The analysis in this paper centres on an email exchange between a lecturer and a student at the University of Auckland which resulted in the dismissal of that lecturer. This dismissal gave rise to significant controversy, both off- and online, as to whether the email itself was simply "intemperate" and "angry'', or more seriously "offensive" and "racist". Through a close analysis of the interpretations of the entails by the lecturer and student, as well as online evaluations made on blogs and discussion boards, it becomes apparent that the inherent discursivity of evaluations of impoliteness arises not only from different perceptions of norms, but also from the ways in which commentators position themselves vis-a-vis these evaluations. It also emerges that the relative level of discursive dispute is mediated by the technological and situational characteristics of the CMC medium in which these evaluations occurred. It is concluded that research into various forums of online interaction provides a unique window into the inherent variability and argumentativity of perceptions of offensive behaviour as a public record of discursive disputes surrounding particular alleged violations of norms of appropriateness can be (re) scrutinized in such forums.
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(2010): Face in interaction. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2073-2077. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.013 Abstract: Face has become firmly established as a key concept not only in pragmatics but also in anthropology, sociolinguistics, communication studies, sociology, psychology, and other related fields. Yet while it was Goffman (1955) who first introduced the notion, it has been Brown and Levinson’s (1987) application of face in the context of politeness theory that has dominated much of the debate thus far. Such discussions have often centred on the validity of Brown and Levinson’s notion of face for explicating politeness across various cultural contexts (Gu, 1990; Ide, 1989; Matsumoto, 1988; Nwoye, 1992; Pizziconi, 2003). The continuing controversy as to whether or not honorifics in Modern Standard Japanese are indeed examples of a failure of Brown and Levinson’s theory is a case in point. On the one hand, there is the often cited argument by Matsumoto (1988) that ‘‘what is of paramount importance to a Japanese is not his/her territory [negative face], but the position in relation to others in the group and his/her acceptance by others’’ (p. 405). On the other hand, other scholars have argued that Brown and Levinson’s notion of face can in fact be applied to the study of honorifics, and thus politeness, in Modern Standard Japanese (Fukada and Asato, 2004; Fukushima, 2000; Ishiyama, 2009; Usami, 2002). In these latter approaches, however, Brown and Levinson’s notions of positive and negative face are reduced to an undifferentiated notion that can be ‘‘lost’’ or ‘‘saved’’ (Haugh, 2005:44). It appears that what may actually be fuelling such (endless) controversies is the continued conflation of politeness with face. In this special issue, then, while acknowledging the important role face plays in politeness and impoliteness research, it is suggested that the time has come for face to be theorized on its own terms. In this way, echoing Bargiela-Chiappini’s (2003) re-opening of discussion about face, (new) insights may be gained into these (old) debates.
Keywords: Angesicht, Brown, Brown and Levinson's model, Face, Face (general), Gesichtswahrung, Goffman, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Honorifics, (Im)Politeness Research, Levinson, Linguistik, Politeness, Politeness Theory, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Überblick, Übersicht zu Politeness Theory -
(2010): A mathematical model for the behavior of individuals in a social field. In: The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 19 (3), S. 189-219. DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.1994.9990143
Abstract: Related to an idea of Lewin, a mathematical model for behavioral changes under the influence of a social field is developed. The social field reflects public opinion, social norms and trends. It is not only given by external factors (the environment) but also by the interactions of individuals. Two important kinds of interaction processes are distinguished: Imitative and avoidance processes. Variations of individual behavior are taken into account by ''diffusion coefficients.''
Keywords: BEHAVIORAL MODEL, Decision theory, deutsche Community, DIFFUSION MODEL, Disziplin, Favoriten, FIELD THEORY, IMITATIVE AND AVOIDANCE PROCESSES, Mathematical models, Mathematisches Modell für das Verhalten von Individuen in einem sozialen Feld, PAIR INTERACTIONS, social field, social field and interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziales Feld, Soziologie -
(2010): Towards safety in human robot interaction. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 2 (3), S. 217-219. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-010-0061-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-010-0061-z Abstract: Many new application areas are emerging where robots will be required to co-operate with or assist humans. This means that they are sharing the same work-space or they are working in our ‘personal’ space. The fundamental resultant issue of working in co-located space is that of safety. In service and social robotics, a major focus has therefore to be safe and reliable operation. This special issue covers a wide range of topics on safe human-robot interaction (HRI) in social and service robotics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2010): You smile--I smile. Emotion expression in social interaction. In: Biological psychology 84 (3), S. 514-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913071 Abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the influence of emotional context and social context, in terms of gender and status, on speaker expressivity and observer mimicry in a dyadic interactive setting. For Study 1, 96 same sex dyads and for Study 2, 72 mixed sex dyads participated in a social sharing paradigm. The results showed that in both same sex and mixed sex dyads women smile more than men and members of both sexes use Duchenne smiles rather than non-Duchenne smiles to signal social intent. In same sex dyads facial expressivity and facial mimicry were determined by both the emotional and the social context of the situation. However, whereas emotional context effects maintained, social context effects were absent in mixed sex dyads. The study is the first to show evidence for facial mimicry in an interactional setting and supports the notion that mimicry is dependent on social context.