Alle Publikationen
- <<
- <
- 1
2015
-
(2015): Verecundia, risa y decoro. Cicerón y el arte de insultar. In: Isegoría (53), S. 445-473. DOI: 10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/isegoria.2015.053.01 Abstract: Sobre la risa puede hablarse de muchas maneras; cabe, por ejemplo, una aproximación fisiológica, otra psicológica o una tercera sociológica, que los antiguos no desatendieron por completo, si bien Cicerón prefirió investigar sus posibilidades retóricas. A nadie se le oculta la relevancia de chanzas y chistes para disponer a la audiencia de manera favorable o para ridiculizar al adversario; tampoco que esta estrategia, a despecho de su efectividad y por la misma, puede sobrepasar los límites de lo aceptable o de lo provechoso. Cuestión tanto más grave cuanto que el orador puede y debe reírse de asuntos que, considerados en sí mismos, carecen de gracia. La retórica ciceroniana de la risa plantea y desemboca en una ética y una táctica del humor atenta al estudio y posible codificación de los principios rectores de tan poderoso recurso, que debe utilizarse de manera conveniente, adecuada y decorosa (pues de todas estas formas puede traducirse la palabra griega prépon y la latina decorum), lo cual presupone que no siempre es así y, por lo que interesa en estas páginas, que hay risas indebidas, próximas al vituperio, que pueden acarrear dificultades a quien las provoca, pues siempre es peligroso reírse de los poderosos. Cicerón, sin duda, era un individuo que insultaba mucho, con ingenio, gracia y en ocasiones con extraordinaria agresividad.~~~
2012
-
(2012): Politeness and impoliteness in ethnic varieties of New Zealand English. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (9), S. 1063-1076. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.11.006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.11.006 Abstract: Many aspects of New Zealand English (NZE) have been well described, especially the distinctive vocabulary, phonology, and some syntactic differences in relation to other varieties of English. Building on earlier research describing pragmatic features of NZE, and identifying ways in which politeness is expressed in NewZealand(NZ) workplace talk, this paper extends the socio-pragmatic analysis of NZE in several ways. Using the theoretical model that we have developed to analyse workplace interaction, we adopt an emic approach, focussing on intercultural interactions between Māori and Pākehā, and data from both Māori and Pākehā workplaces to throw light on distinctive features of politeness in NZE workplace discourse. With this goal,we examine the important value of egalitarianism in NZ society, and explore its pervasive influence on the ways in which politeness is interactionally achieved in different NZ communities of practice. Wethendiscusshowthisrelatestothestylisticdimensionofformality,exemplifyingsomedistinctivelyNZwaysinwhich formality andinformalityareindexedinworkplaceinteraction.Theanalysisillustrateshowtheseinfluencesaremanifestinanumberof specific aspectsofworkplaceinteraction,includingsmalltalk,humour,meetingprotocols,andintheextensionofthedistinctivepragmatic particle eh to newdomains.
Keywords: Community of practice, Disziplin, Egalitarianism, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Im/politeness, Informality, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, New Zealand English, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Umgangsformen -
(2012): Appropriate behaviour across varieties of English. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (9), S. 1022-1037. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.09.015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.09.015 Abstract: Corpus evidence is presented which suggests that from a first-order perspective ‘appropriateness’ and ‘inappropriateness’ are more salient notions than ‘politeness’ and ‘impoliteness’ or ‘rudeness’. It is then argued that norms of appropriate verbal behaviour in a community can be established empirically by employing experimental methods. Production questionnaire data may not reflect what participants would actually say in real life, but reveal what guides their expectations, perception and performance in a given social situation. It is shown that small talk between strangers at a party is governed by diverging norms in different national varieties of English, viz. American English, Irish English and English English. It is further shown that gender and age differences exist within a national variety and that norms of appropriate verbal behaviour seem to be subject to age-grading.
Keywords: Alter, Approriateness, Disziplin, English English, Experimental data, Gender, Gender and age variation, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Im/politeness, Impoliteness, Inappropriateness, Irish English and American English, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, kulturrelativ, kulturspezifisch, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Politeness, Small talk, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Unangemessenheit, Unhöflichkeit, Variational pragmatics 2008
-
(2008): Impoliteness in Interaction. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Abstract: This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
2007
-
(2007): Disagreeing to agree. Conflict, (im)politeness and identity in a computer-mediated community. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 742-759. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.017 Abstract: Recent research on politeness has attempted to re-examine the seminal work of Brown and Levinson (1987) and refine the framework to be more applicable to a wider variety of circumstances (Watts, 2003; Spencer-Oatey, 2005). Although, as Locher (2004) notes, there have been several empirical studies building on Brown and Levinson's (1987) framework of politeness, there are relatively few studies which explore the dynamics of these newer models in empirical research. This empirical study addresses this gap by exploring how expectations of (im)politeness are negotiated within an e-mail community. Examination of the communicative practices indicate that, in this e-community, the norms for interaction within the community of practice (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet, 1999; Lavé and Wenger, 1991; Holmes and Meyerhoff, 1999) merge with the norms of (polite) interaction within the computer medium to create a unique set of expectations for what constitutes polite behavior in a computer-mediated setting. Deviation from these norms frequently results in conflict, but the (active) negotiation of norms of politeness in this community of practice, or C of P (through conflict) give group members an opportunity to (re)negotiate the group identity.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Brown and Levinson's model, e-Konversationsnormen, Gruppenidentität, Gruppenverhalten, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Im/politeness, Impoliteness, Konflikt, Konfrontation, Linguistik, Politeness, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit -
(2007): (Im)politeness, national and professional identities and context. Some evidence from e-mailed ‘Call for Papers’. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 760-773. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.014 Abstract: This study aims to uncover whether or not factors such as national and professional identities and the medium of interaction (i.e., e-mails), affect the way Turkish and British conference organisers begin their Call for Papers for international conferences (CFPIC), and when and how they use inclusive ‘we’ pronouns in messages written in English. The survey also examines if there is a relationship between these three factors and the interpretation of (im)politeness by comparing whether or not writers with different cultural backgrounds, while trying to reach their aim (i.e., collect conference papers), (dis)obey some of the politeness rules proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). The corpus for this study consisted of e-mailed CFPIC collected between January 2002 and February 2006. CFPIC were related to areas such as linguistics, foreign/second language education and literature. The findings of the research suggest intricate and dynamic relations between a number of the micro- and macro-contextual factors, and some features of e-mails in English written by members of Turkish and British cultures. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to enhancing knowledge in the field of politeness and electronic communication, raising awareness of the relationship between cultural and professional identities and the interpretation of (im)politeness, thus providing valuable insights into intercultural communication conventions.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Brown and Levinson's model, CFP, Disziplin, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Im/politeness, Kategorien für höfliche Sprache, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Rolle (Beruf), Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Überblick -
(2007): Conceptualizing face and relational work in (im)politeness. Revelations from politeness lexemes and idioms in Turkish. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 681-711. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.013 Abstract: This article addresses two issues: the conceptualization of face and related aspects of self in Turkish, and the implications of the conceptualization of face and the self in interaction in Turkish for understanding relational work at the emic and the etic levels. The paper analyses two root lexemes and idioms derived from the lexemes in Turkish, which are posited as being crucial to understanding (im)politeness and relational work in Turkish culture, and discusses the implications of the analysis for conceptualizing relational work. It maintains that cultures may foreground different aspects of self toward which people show sensitivity in relational work, and that concerns over transactional issues are a major component of relational work.
-
(2007): Being (im)polite in New Zealand workplaces. Māori and Pākehā leaders. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 712-729. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.016 Abstract: This paper investigates the ways in which leaders in ethnically diverse workplaces in New Zealand construct themselves as effective leaders in interaction with subordinates, whilst also taking account of the politeness norms of their specific workplaces. Case studies of two leaders, one from a Pākehā and one from a Māori workplace, illustrate that shared ethnic values and attitudes impact on the behaviour of all members of the leaders’ communities of practice. The analysis of meeting openings and the use of contestive humour demonstrate that what is considered appropriate behaviour in one organisational context, and what is perceived as constituting polite behaviour by group members, may be considered inappropriate and even impolite by members of another organisation. By behaving in ways that are in accordance with the norms developed in their ‘ethnicised’ communities of practice, leaders and other organisational members reinforce, maintain and shape these politeness norms.
-
(2007): Theories of identity and the analysis of face. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 639-656. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004 Abstract: This paper explores the insights that theories of identity can offer for the conceptualisation and analysis of face. It argues that linguists will benefit from taking a multidisciplinary approach, and that by drawing on theory and research in other disciplines, especially in social psychology, they will gain a clearer and deeper understanding of face. The paper starts by examining selected theories of identity, focusing in particular on Simon's (2004) self-respect model of identity and Brewer and Gardner's (1996) theory of levels of identity. Key features from these theories are then applied to the conceptualisation and analysis of face. With the help of authentic examples, the paper demonstrates how inclusion of these multiple perspectives can offer a richer and more comprehensive understanding of face and the frameworks needed for analysing it.
-
(2007): Identity, face and (im)politeness. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 635-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.003 Abstract: Face and (im)politeness are widely discussed and debated in the pragmatics literature. This special issue, which has developed out of a symposium presented at the 7th International Pragmatics Conference at Riva del Garda, Italy in 2005, aims to enrich our understanding of these concepts by examining them from the perspective of identity. The first three papers consider the conceptual insights that different (sub-)disciplines can offer for our understanding of face, (im)politeness and the management of rapport. They draw on work in social psychology on identity, and take a cognitive pragmatic perspective to deconstruct relevant emic concepts/lexemes. The next four papers present discourse-based research on the topic. They examine different types of identities, including role identities (e.g. leaders and mentors), national identities (e.g. Turkish and British), ethnic identities (e.g. Pakeha and Maori), community identities (e.g. Cyber-parish member), as well as individual identities, and analyse how these identities impact upon the (mis)management of face and rapport.
- <<
- <
- 1