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2006
Gockley, R.; Simmons, R.; Forlizzi, J. (2006) : Modeling Affect in Socially Interactive Robots: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 558-563

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314448

Abstract: Humans use expressions of emotion in a very social manner, to convey messages such as "I'm happy to see you" or "I want to be comforted," and people's long-term relationships depend heavily on shared emotional experiences. We believe that for robots to interact naturally with humans in social situations they should also be able to express emotions in both short-term and long-term relationships. To this end, we have developed an affective model for social robots. This generative model attempts to create natural, human-like affect and includes distinctions between immediate emotional responses, the overall mood of the robot, and long-term attitudes toward each visitor to the robot. This paper presents the general affect model as well as particular details of our implementation of the model on one robot, the Roboceptionist

Keywords: Cultural differences, Displays, emotion & social robotics, emotion recognition, Global communication, human emotion, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, interactive systems, man-machine systems, Medical services, Mood, Orbital robotics, Roboceptionist, Senior citizens, Social robotic, socially interactive robots
Lee, B.; Hope, G. D.; Witts, N. J. (2006) : Could next generation androids get emotionally close? ‘Relational closeness’ from human dyadic interactions: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human: Hatfield, UK: IEEE, S. 475-479

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2006.314373

Abstract: Studies of human-human interactions indicate that the relational dimensions encoded nonverbally between people include intimacy/involvement, status/control, and emotional valence. In assessing nonverbal behavior a key issue concerns the correct level or unit of behavior to code. Low-level codes, such as head nods, eyebrow flashes, and smiles, are concrete enough to be specified objectively. However, a coding scheme based on them may not match the phenomenology of lay people’s experiences of natural interactions. A high-level code, such as values intimacy, reliably distinguishes secure and insecure attachment styles but is underspecified at the concrete, bodily level. This paper considers what level of behavior codes may realistically be mapped onto next generation androids. New ’mid-level’ behavior codes are offered based on an experimental study of relational closeness in human dyadic interactions. These provide act specifications for a possible benchmark of relational closeness. The appropriateness of certain relational behaviors by androids is considered.

Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), behavior codes, behavioural sciences, Biological system modeling, coding scheme, Concrete, Displays, emotional valence, Eyebrows, Human Computer Interaction, human dyadic interactions, Human Factors, Human robot interaction, human-human interactions, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, insecure attachment styles, next generation androids, Nonverbal behavior, Phenomenology, Prototypes, relational closeness, service robot, speech, values intimacy, Waste management

2006

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