Alle Publikationen
2018
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Gray, Kurt James; Graham, Jesse (Hg.) (2018): Atlas of moral psychology. What do we evaluate when we evaluate moral character? - Helzer, Erik G.; Critcher, Clayton R.. New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Abstract: What do people evaluate when they assess another person’s moral character? In this chapter, we define moral character in novel social cognitive terms and offer empirical support for the idea that the central qualities of moral character are those deemed essential for social relationships. We approach this chapter from the theoretical standpoint that the centrality of character evaluation is due to its function in social life. Evaluation of character is, we think, inherently a judgment about a person’s qualifications for being a solid long-term social investment. That is, people attempt to suss out moral character because they want to know whether a particular agent is the type of person who likely possesses the necessary (even if not sufficient) qualities they expect in a social relationship. In developing these ideas theoretically and empirically, we consider what form moral character takes, discuss what this proposal suggests about how people may and do assess other s’ mor al character, and identify an assortment of qualities that our perspective predicts will be central to moral character evaluation. In developing these ideas theoretically and empirically, we consider what form moral character takes, discuss what this proposal suggests about how people may and do assess others’ moral character, and identify an assortment of qualities that our perspective predicts will be central to moral character evaluation. We begin by putting forward a new idea of what we think moral character means, rooted in a social-cognitive view of the person as a moral being. We introduce the idea that a person’s moral character takes the form of moral cognitive machinery—essentially a processor that accepts inputs that, if the processor functions well, should output morally relevant judgments and behavior. We next take on the question of content: What are the more specific characteristics of a person with good moral character? That is, instead of considering t he abstr act form that moral character may take, we ask what qualities define moral character. In this section, we present several forms of preliminary evidence suggesting that moral qualities are those that describe necessary conditions of social investment. In so doing, we engage with two questions. First, we consider how our perspective is compatible with both moral pluralism and moral universalism— how moral codes may show variety and consistency across cultural contexts. Second, we consider in what circumstances people should be more or less likely to assume that others’ character is more or less upstanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 3 "This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 57 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind"-- "Description: This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 56 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind. Key Words: altruism, badness, beliefs, convictions, ethical behavior, evil, evolutionary psychology, free will, goodness, human behavior, immorality, justice, moral character, moral emotions, moral judgments, moral philosophy, moral psychology, moral reasoning, personality, social cognition, social norms, social psychology, values"--
Keywords: Moral, Morality, Peer Evaluation, Personality Traits, Social Cognition, social sciences, Sonstiges 2017
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(2017): The social turn in moral psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035569.001.0001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035569.001.0001 Abstract: The Social Turn in Moral Psychology is a probing inquiry into the disconnect between moral philosophy and empirical approaches to ethics. Drawing on a refreshing range of examples— including student protest movements, racial oppression, education policy, and life expectancy outcomes—Fedyk offers a promising strategy for bringing normative theory into alignment with the social sciences. Fedyk argues that moral psychology should take a social turn, investigating the psychological processes that motivate patterns of social behavior defined as ethical using normative information extracted from the social sciences. He points out methodological problems in conventional moral psychology, particularly the increasing methodological and conceptual inconsilience with both philosophical ethics and evolutionary biology. Fedyk's 'causal theory of ethics' is designed to provide moral psychology with an ethical theory that can be used without creating tension between its scientific p ractice and the conceptual vocabulary of philosophical ethics. His account aims both to redirect moral psychology toward more socially realistic questions about human life and lo introduce philosophers to a new form of ethical naturalism—a way of thinking about how to use different fields of scientific research to answer some of the traditional questions that are at the heart of ethics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: causal theory of ethics, Ethics, Moral, Morality, Philosophies, social sciences, Sonstiges -
(2017): Asking simultaneously about truth and familiarity may disrupt truth effects. In: Análise Psicológica 35 (1), S. 61-71. DOI: 10.14417/ap.1121
Abstract: Tell me something that sounds familiar and I will believe it to be true. This is a statement that we should believe because it summarizes a well-documented and empirically supported effect: the illusion of truth effect (see Dechêne, Stahl, Hansen, & Wänke, 2010 for a review). The fact is we are more likely to believe in a statement if we have been previously exposed to it (e.g., Bacon, 1979; Hasher, Goldstein, & Toppino, 1977). Repetition increases truth-value, generating the illusion that repeated statements are more valid than information we never heard or read before. A general assumption of the explanations of the truth effect is that the subjective experience of processing a familiar statement is interpreted as informing about the validity of the statement (see Dechêne et al., 2010). This implies that a process of misattribution underlies repetition’s effect on judgments of truth (e.g., Bornstein & D’Agostino, 1994; Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987; Schwarz & Clore, 1983). In this paper we present an experiment that tests such misattribution process by making more or less explicit the real source of the feeling of familiarity with the statements. In this way we test whether illusions of truth decrease when it is clear (vs. unclear) that familiarity is due to previous exposure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Reflections: Thoughts on moral diversity and counseling psychology’s commitment to social justice.. In: The Counseling Psychologist 45 (1), S. 113-124. DOI: 10.1177/0011000016688096
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000016688096 Abstract: This article discusses moral diversity and counseling psychology’s commitment to social justice. It is the author's hope and wish that the Society of Counseling Psychology can be as respectful and accepting of moral and philosophical (and political) differences on social issues—while still vigorously debating them—as it is with regard to differences in perspective on our science, practice, education, and training, and with regard to other types of individual differences—differences that are celebrated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Book Review. Dirk Vom Lehn, Harold Garfinkel: The Creation and Development of Ethnomethodology Vom LehnDirk, Harold Garfinkel: The Creation and Development of Ethnomethodology. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2014. 208 pp. ISBN: 9781611329797 (hbk) $89; 9781611329. In: Qualitative Research 16 (3), S. 348-349. DOI: 10.1177/1468794115571435
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794115571435 Abstract: Reviews the book, Harold Garfinkel: The Creation and Development of Ethnomethodology by Dirk vom Lehn (2014). In this book, Dirk vom Lehn provides a well-judged introduction to ethnomethodology (EM) and a fitting tribute to its late, great, progenitor Harold Garfinkel. The book deals with Garfinkel’s intellectual development; personal details introduced therein are interesting and relevant. The biographical elements of the book are as much of EM as its inventor. The book is, as one would expect, very well researched. It succeeds in bringing together various works and writings of Garfinkel to tell the story of EM’s development from the ‘proto-ethnomethodological’ studies of jurors’ and coders’ practices, through to the latter directions and contributions of EM’s program and the influence of EM in a number of fields of contemporary sociological inquiry. Amplifying the research required to produce a book such as this is a care and enthusiasm in the writing that will re mind those working in the field why they were attracted to this ‘alternate, asymmetrical and incommensurate’ sociology in the first place. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 47
2015
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(2015): Psychological characteristics of the rules of subordination within the cultural and historical analysis. In: Cultural-Historical Psychology 11 (4), S. 89-95. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2015110408
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110408 Abstract: The article examines the psychology of submission. Given psychological characteristic standards of submission historically embodied in the moral codes and legal sources. The subject of analysis are historical regulations XII—XX centuries, the customs, in which the fixed rate of submission, as well as the memoir literature. There are four basic psychological lines of development in the history of the rules of subordination, in particular: a special regulation of the rules of subordination and increasing social importance of the role of subordinate. It is proved that psychological acceptance of a subordinate role and the satisfaction of its implementation includes the requirement of special rules regulating authority and emphasis on the social importance of the role of subordinate. It was established that one of the reasons that the job satisfaction of employees of state structures higher than employees of private companies, a large schema definition of relations with man agement. Hierarchical role is considered in terms of two components: the role of attributes and rules, rules of conduct. The article focuses on the fact that the individual external signs, locking status subordination, increase the level of self-esteem of subordinate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Authority, Historie, History, PSYCHOLOGY, rules, Self-Esteem, Social Processes, Sociocultural Factors, Sonstiges -
(2015): The recognition of moral issues. Moral awareness, moral sensitivity and moral attentiveness. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 6, S. 114-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.007
Abstract: In this brief review, we discuss foundational and recent research on the recognition of moral issues, an area generally referred to as moral awareness. Scholarly work in this area primarily focuses on three constructs: moral awareness, moral sensitivity, and moral attentiveness. Recent research on the antecedents of moral recognition has identified several biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors; while research on the consequences of moral recognition is further validating the claims of the foundational theories on the topic. After discussing this recent work in some detail, we point to issues within the field that demand more scholarly attention.
2013
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(2013): New findings about social intelligence. Development and application of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI). In: Journal of Individual Differences 34 (3), S. 119-137. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000106 Abstract: Social intelligence (SI) is an ability construct with a long history in scientific psychology which has yet to be clearly established. SI tests show low convergent validity and can hardly be distinguished from academic intelligence. This may be the result of conceptual ambiguity and a lack of reliable and valid performance tests that apply nonverbal stimuli. The Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI) is a new multimedia-based performance test battery relying on a potential-based concept of SI. It presently comprises subtests for social understanding, social memory, and social perception, each of which is measured with real auditory, video-based, pictorial, and verbal task material. It applies target scoring to the social understanding tasks. Two studies with 127 and 190 participants, respectively, examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the MTSI. Discriminant construct validation was conducted with well-established academic intelligence and personality tests. The findings revealed satisfactory psychometric properties for nearly all of the 22 tasks. A general SI and a social perception factor were not substantiated. Social understanding was separate from academic intelligence, whereas social memory and social perception tasks showed systematic correlations with academic intelligence. The SI tasks were not systematically related to personality traits.
Keywords: Intelligence Measures, Intelligenztests, Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI), Measurement, Messung, MTSI & BIS-TEST & NEO-FFI, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, psychometric properties, psychometrics, Psychometrie, Social Behavior, Sonstiges, Soziale Intelligenz, soziales Verhalten, subtests for social understanding & social memory & social perception, Test Construction, test construction & evaluation, Test Validity, Testen, Testing, Testkonstruktion, Testvalidität -
(2013): Can social intelligence be measured? Psychometric properties of the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale—English Version. In: The Irish Journal of Psychology 34 (1), S. 1-12. DOI: 10.1080/03033910.2012.737758
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2012.737758 Abstract: Despite its intuitive appeal as a construct relevant to a number of psychological outcomes, adequate operationalisation of social intelligence has been problematic for researchers. This research aimed to extend the understanding of the measurement of social intelligence by investigating the psychometric properties of the English version of Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale by Silvera, Martinussen and Dahl. Factor analysis (N = 328; Maximum Likelihood with Promax rotation) revealed three clear factors that paralleled the original Norwegian measure: social skills, social information processing and social awareness. Construct validity was also examined (N = 116). As predicted, social intelligence was strongly and significantly related to political skill, emotional intelligence (EI) and empathy in both males and females. In addition, as predicted, there were weak relationships with social desirability; however, for males, there was no relationship between social intelligence and social desirability. Internal reliability was adequate to good, and temporal stability over a 2-week interval was excellent. It is concluded that the English version of the scale has sound psychometric properties, that the factor structure of the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale is stable in the English version and that the relationships evident with political skill, EI and empathy suggest that the measure is successfully capturing the nature of social intelligence. While social intelligence remains a difficult construct to operationalise, consideration of the construct within a developing nomological network is indicated. The Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale—English Version may be a useful tool for researchers aiming to operationalise trait or typical social intelligence in an easy to administer, self-report format in English-speaking samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2012
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(2012): Differentiation levels of cultural mediation within a socio-cultural sphere. A re-evaluation of the concept of culture. In: Integrative psychological & behavioral science 46 (3), S. 303-311. DOI: 10.1007/s12124-012-9205-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684874 Abstract: Matusov and Smith (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 46: 3, 2012) use a genealogical analysis of the US middle class to show how classic concepts of identity do not only represent historically, politically, and culturally local phenomena, but also contribute to them. Their analysis nicely exemplifies how culture, as semiotic mediation, guides and constrains both societal as well as intra- and inter-personal structures. As not only the traditional notion of identity, but also the mainstream concept of culture, represents a limiting understanding of the person-culture relation, the first part of this article re-evaluates two main understandings of culture within psychology and then argue for a semiotic mediational conception that simultaneously guides and constrain not only intra- and inter-individual mechanisms, but also structures the socio-cultural sphere. What remains to be examined is: how exactly can personal agency and positioning be promoted and strengthened within the tensions of personal cultures and the socio-cultural sphere.
2011
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(2011): Decorum of the Minuet, Delirium of the Waltz. A Study of Dance-Music Relations in 3/4 Time. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press (Musical Meaning and Interpretation). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4766639
Abstract: Much music was written for the two most important dances of the 18th and 19th centuries, the minuet and the waltz. In Decorum of the Minuet, Delirium of the Waltz, Eric McKee argues that to better understand the musical structures and expressive meanings of this dance music, one must be aware of the social contexts and bodily rhythms of the social dances upon which it is based. McKee approaches dance music as a component of a multimedia art form that involves the interaction of physical motion, music, architecture, and dress. Moreover, the activity of attending a ball involves a dynamic network of modalities—sight, sound, bodily awareness, touch, and smell, which can be experienced from the perspectives of a dancer, a spectator, or a musician. McKee considers dance music within a larger system of signifiers and points-of-view that opens new avenues of interpretation.
Keywords: Anblick, Architektur (allg), Berührung, Electronic books, Geräusch, Geruch, Gestik, History and criticism, Kinematik, Klang, Kleidung, Körperbewegungen, Körperbewusstsein, Körperrhythmus, Kulturelle Rituale, Mikrobiologische Zusammensetzung von Körpersekreten, Mimik, Minuet (Dance), Musik, Originaltitel zu einem berits eingepflegten book review, ort, Proxemik, Raum, Sonstiges, Soziale Rituale, Tanz, Teilnehmender vs. Zuschauer, Visuelle Wahrnehmung, Waltzes 2010
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(2010): Robotic Etiquette: Socially Acceptable Navigation of Service Robots with Human Motion Pattern Learning and Prediction. In: Journal of Bionic Engineering 7 (2), S. 150-160. DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6529(09)60199-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(09)60199-2 Abstract: Nonverbal and noncontact behaviors play a significant role in allowing service robots to structure their interactions with humans. In this paper, a novel human-mimic mechanism of robot's navigational skills was proposed for developing socially acceptable robotic etiquette. Based on the sociological and physiological concerns of interpersonal interactions in movement, several criteria in navigation were represented by constraints and incorporated into a unified probabilistic cost grid for safe motion planning and control, followed by an emphasis on the prediction of the human's movement for adjusting the robot's pre-collision navigational strategy. The human motion prediction utilizes a clustering-based algorithm for modeling humans' indoor motion patterns as well as the combination of the long-term and short-term tendency prediction that takes into account the uncertainties of both velocity and heading direction. Both simulation and real-world experiments verified the effectiveness and reliability of the method to ensure human's safety and comfort in navigation. A statistical user trials study was also given to validate the users' favorable views of the human-friendly navigational behavior.
2007
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Emery, Nathan; Clayton, Nicola; Frith, Chris; Emery, Nathan (Ed); Clayton, Nicola (Ed); Frith, Chris (Ed) (Hg.) (2007): Social intelligence: From brain to culture. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press
Keywords: Sonstiges, Soziale Intelligenz -
(2007): Aufbau eines körperlich-aktiven Lebensstils. Kapitel: Körperliche Aktivität und die Macht der Gewohnheit. Göttingen [u.a.]: Hogrefe (Sportpsychologie)
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von Gewohnheiten im Rahmen von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten und eines körperlich-aktiven Lebensstils wird erörtert. Dabei wird auf folgende Fragen eingegangen: (1) Was sind Gewohnheiten? (2) Welche Rolle spielen das intentionale und das habituelle System bei der Verhaltenssteuerung? (3) Wie entwickeln sich Gewohnheiten? (4) Wie lassen sich Gewohnheiten verändern bzw. neu aufbauen? (5) Warum sind Gewohnheiten so stark? (6) Wie sind Gewohnheiten im Gedächtnis abgespeichert? Es wird besonders hervorgehoben, dass Gewohnheiten das Verhalten automatisch in die Richtung lenken, die auch in der Vergangenheit erfolgreich eingeschlagen wurde, und dass die Macht der Gewohnheit ganz wesentlich auf die Macht der Situation über das Verhalten zurückzuführen ist. zitiert von 13
2006
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Schulze, Ralf; Freund, Alexander; Roberts, Richard D. (Hg.) (2006): Emotionale Intelligenz. Ein internationales Handbuch. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Keywords: Sonstiges 2005
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Schulze, Ralf; Roberts, Richard D. (Hg.) (2005): Emotional intelligence. An international handbook. Toronto: Hogrefe
Keywords: Sonstiges 2001
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Küchenhoff, Joachim (2001): Solidarität und Selbstverwirklichung. Gießen: Psychosozial-Verl. (Reihe "Psyche und Gesellschaft")
1998
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Roth, Erwin (1998): Intelligenz. Grundlagen und neuere Forschung. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer
Keywords: Sonstiges 1997
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Weingart, Peter; Mitchell, Sandra D.; Richerson, Peter J.; Maasen, Sabine (Hg.) (1997): Human by nature. Between biology and the social sciences. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum
Abstract: Representing a wide range of disciplines--biology, sociology, anthropology, economics, human ethology, psychology, primatology, history, and philosophy of science--the contributors to this book recently spent a complete academic year at the Center for …
Keywords: Sonstiges 1995
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(1995) : Qualitative Erforschung sozialer Regeln In: König, Eckard: Bilanz qualitativer Forschung: Methoden: Dr. nach Typoskript: Weinheim: Dt. Studien-Verl., S. 425-435
Abstract: Es wird ein Überblick über die qualitative Erforschung sozialer Regeln gegeben. Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen zu Grundproblemen der Regelerfassung werden methodische Zugänge zur Erfassung sozialer Regeln besprochen. Anschließend werden exemplarisch drei forschungsmethodische Ansätze dargestellt: (1) Konversationsanalyse, (2) objektive Hermeneutik von U. Oevermann, (3) Komplementäranalyse. Es wird deutlich gemacht, dass die Entwicklung methodisch abgesicherter Verfahren zur Regelerfassung erst begonnen hat.
Keywords: Data Collection, Conversation, Empirical Methods, hermeneutics, Methodology, rules, Social Norms, Sonstiges 1994
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(1994): Tabus in sozialen Systemen. Entwurf einer Rahmentheorie. Bern: Universität, Psychologisches Institut (Forschungsberichte, Nr. 1994/4)
Abstract: Überlegungen zur Entwicklung einer Theorie der Tabus in sozialen Systemen werden angestellt. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Erforschung der Tabus in der Gesellschaft und ihren Teilsystemen auf dem Hintergrund einer systemisch-handlungsorientierten Rahmentheorie erfolgen muss. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Annahmen über die Funktionen von Tabus in sozialen Systemen entwickelt. Tabus werden in erster Linie als soziale Repräsentationen vom Typ negativer Konventionen betrachtet, und die handlungsleitenden Funktionen werden besprochen. Außerdem wird eine Differenzierung der Schutzfunktion von Tabus in Abhängigkeit von Typen sozialer Systeme vorgenommen.
1991
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Jüttemann, Gerd (1991): Individuelle und soziale Regeln des Handelns. Beiträge zur Weiterentwicklung geisteswissenschaftlicher Ansätze in der Psychologie. Heidelberg: Asanger
1990
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Danner, D.; Glöckner-Rist, A. (Hg.) (1990): Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen. Mannheim: GESIS. Online verfügbar unter http://zis.gesis.org/skala/Stock%C3%A9-Bed%C3%BCrfnis-nach-sozialer-Anerkennung
1985
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(1985): The structure of social intelligence. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.Keywords: Emotionality (Personality), Empathy, Factor Structure, factorial structure of social intelligence, Intelligence, mental health personnel, prosocial interest & social & empathy skills & emotionality & social anxiety, social anxiety, Social intelligence, Social Skills, Sonstiges, Soziale Intelligenz
1976
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(1976): Face-to-Face. The Alienating Effects of Class, Status and Power Divisions. In: American Sociological Review 41 (5). DOI: 10.2307/2094729
Abstract: Presents a Marxian-oriented theory of microstratification phenomena as an alternative to exchange and expectation states theories. After reviewing evidence for 4 empirical generalizations concerning cross-class, status, and power interaction which can be extrapolated from Marx's theory of alienation, a theory of interpersonal threat is presented to explain these generalizations and a number of expectations to them. The theory is shown to have considerable independent empirical support and to be a more plausible explanation for cross-class and formal status interaction in work settings than exchange or expectation states theory. It is at least equally as plausible an explanation for class and formal status inequalities in nonwork settings, but is less plausible for informal status structures. The class and formal status-based inequalities generalized beyond the work place supports a Marxian rather than a pluralist model, but as yet there is little evidence that class consistently takes precedence over occupational, racial, or ethnic status. (3 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)