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  • Kekes, John (2016): Logical Dualism. Human Values and Method in the Social Sciences. In: Cultural Hermeneutics 2 (1), S. 61-73. DOI: 10.1177/019145377400200103

    Abstract: The process of erosion undermines our sense of values. To seek what we depreciate gives much meaning and purpose to value and to avoid what we human life. Yet all this may be illusory. To be sure, it is a fact that human beings make value judgments. But that specific individuals value specific things is as open to scientific explanation as is everything done by humans. What is valued has nothing to do with the intrinsic excellence of the object, it may be only the reflection of one’s genetic make-up, of laws of learning and conditioning, of habits that we had no choice in acquiring. And if this is so, then moral goodness, aesthetic excellence, political justice are not ideals worthwhile in themselves, but mere projections of inevitable feelings caused by unchosen factors. Values, in that case, are just labels for things we cannot help liking or disliking.

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