Alle Publikationen
2016
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Dzhafarov, Ehtibar N. (2016): Contextuality from quantum physics to psychology. Hackensack, NJ: WORLD SCIENTIFIC (Advanced Series on Mathematical Psychology)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/ASMPS Abstract: Contents -- Preface -- 1. Conversations on Contextuality -- Conversation 1 -- Conversation 2 -- Conversation 3 -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2. Contextual Semantics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alice and Bob Look at Bits -- 3. Logic Rings a Bell -- 3.1. Logical analysis of the Bell table -- 3.2. A crash course in qubits -- 3.3. Compound systems and entanglement -- 3.4. From the Bell state to the Bell table -- 4. The \Hardy Paradox"" -- 4.1. What do \observables"" observe? -- 5. Mathematical Structure of Possibility Tables -- 6. Relational Databases and Bell's Theorem 6.1. Universal relations -- 6.2. Hidden variables and all that -- 6.3. Contextual semantics -- 7. Kochen-Specker Models -- 8. Discussion and Further Reading -- 8.1. The sheaf-theoretic approach -- 8.2. Logical Bell inequalities -- 8.3. Contextual semantics in classical computation -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3. From Coupling to Copula -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coupling -- 3. Copula -- 4. Example from Multisensory Modeling -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4. Einstein, Bohm, and Leggett-Garg -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Is Macrorealism Plausible? -- 3. The Leggett{Garg Inequalities 4. LG Inequalities and Contextuality -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5. It is the Theory Which Decides What We Can Observe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Pendulum in a Stroboscopic World -- 3. Bohmian Mechanics -- 4. Neural Networks -- 5. Quantum-like Contextuality -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6. Reality, Contextuality, and Probability in Quantum Theory and Beyond -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An Outline of the Key Concepts -- 3. Quantum Reality and Quantum Probability 4. Complementarity and Contextuality: The Nature of Physical Reality According to the EPR Experiment -- 5. Epilogue: On Contextuality Beyond Quantum Physics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7. Contextual Emergence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contextual Emergence: The Conceptual Scheme -- 3. Mechanics and Thermodynamics -- 4. Contextual Emergence of Mental States and Observables -- 5. Other Applications and Perspectives -- References -- 8. Contextuality in Physics and Quantum Cognition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contextuality in QM -- 3. Contextuality in Quantum Cognition 4. Describing Contextual Probabilities -- 5. Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9. End-Directedness and Context in Nonliving Dissipative Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. End-Directedness in a Physical-Electrical Dissipative Structure -- 2.1. A physical-electrical dissipative structure -- 2.2. End-directed tree formation -- 2.3. Dynamic tree motion -- 2.4. Conclusions: End-directedness in formation and dynamic motion -- 3. End-directed Inter-Tree Coordination -- 3.1. Two-tree perturbation experiment -- 3.2. Cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) -- 3.3. Results 3.4. Conclusions: Two-tree coordination
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(2016): Smell in Polish. Lexical Semantics and Cultural Values. In: JOURNAL OF SLAVIC LINGUISTICS 24 (2), S. 273-299
Abstract: Verbs of perception have been typically classified into three semantic groups. Gisborne (2010) calls the three categories agentive (listen class), experiencer (hear class), and percept (sound class). Examples pertaining to the sense of smell in English use the same lexical item (smell), while in Polish, the three senses of smell are expressed with different verbs: wąchać (agentive), czuć zapach (experiencer), and pachnieć (percept). In metaphorical extensions of the verbs of sensory perception these verbs often stand for mental states, as meaning shifts typically involve the transfer from concrete to abstract domains. I show that the metaphorical extensions of pachnieć and percept to smell are quite different. Not only does pachnieć not suggest bad character or dislikeable characteristics, it actually conveys the opposite, as in the expression coś komuś pachnie ‘something is attractive to someone’ or when used without a modifier. These differences stem from the positive meaning of pachnieć and the negative meaning of to smell. Since the percept verbs of smell seem to be intrinsically positively or negatively valued, they do not lend themselves to universal Mind-as-Body extensions. I also consider some of the dramatic frequency contrasts between Polish and English smell constructions and show they can have their root in different cultural scripts underlying modes of speaking (pachnieć jak vs. smell like), framing of experiences (czuć zapach vs. experiencer to smell), polysemy, and different constructional capabilities (wąchać vs. to sniff).
Keywords: Agent, Agentive, Biologische Marker, Disziplin, Erlebender, Experiencer, frame semantics, Geräuschhören, Gisborne, Hear, Hören, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Kulturvergleich, Linguistik, Listen, Percept, Perzept, Riechen, schnüffeln, Semantik, Semantische Gruppen, Smell, Smell like, Sniff, sound, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status, Verben, Wahrnehmung, Wahrnehmung und Sprache, Wahrnehmungsverben, Zuhören -
(2016) : A neuro-based method for detecting context-dependent erroneous robot action: 2016 IEEE-RAS 16th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids): Cancun, Mexico: IEEE, S. 477-482
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803318 Abstract: Validating appropriateness and naturalness of human-robot interaction (HRI) is commonly performed by taking subjective measures from human interaction partners, e.g. questionnaire ratings. Although these measures can be of high value for robot designers, they are very sensitive and can be inaccurate and/or biased. In this paper we propose and validate a neuro-based method for objectively validating robot behavior in HRI. We propose to detect from the electronencephalo-gram (EEG) of a human interaction partner, the perception of inappropriate / unexpected / erroneous robot behavior. To validate this method, we conducted an EEG experiment with a simplified HRI protocol in which a humanoid robot displayed context-dependent erroneous behavior from time to time. The EEG data taken from 13 participants revealed biologically plausible error-related potentials (ErrP) whose spatio-temporal distributions match well with related neuroscientific research. We further demonstrate that perceived erroneous robot action can reliably be modeled and detected from human EEG signals with classification accuracies on avg. 69.7±9.1%. These findings confirm principal feasibility of the proposed method and suggest that EEG-based ErrP detection can be used for quantitative evaluation and thus improvement of robot behavior.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Computers, context-dependent erroneous behavior, context-dependent erroneous robot action, EEG, Electroencephalography, electronencephalogram, error-related potentials, ErrP, HRI protocol, human interaction partners, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Magnetic heads, neuro-based method, neurocontrollers, neuroscientific research, Protocols, robot behavior, robot designers, Robot sensing systems, spatio-temporal distributions -
(2016) : Interpersonal accuracy in relation to culture and ethnicity In: Hall, Judith A.; Schmid Mast, Marianne; West, Tessa v. (Hg.): The Social Psychology of Perceiving Others Accurately: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 328-349
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316181959.016 Abstract: Classic studies by Ekman and Izard provided early evidence for the cross-cultural universality of emotion recognition, through a set of studies that were later examined from the perspective of the cultural differences they also reveal. The body of evidence as a whole supports a middle ground, suggesting that both emotional expression and its perception show basic similarities across cultures and yet meaningful differences as well. We discuss both spontaneous and motivated processes in both emotional expression and recognition. Further, this chapter attempts to review this material in terms of Brunswik's lens model, which emphasizes the creation of observable cues and their interpretation by others. We also discuss cultural differences that can arise at multiple stages of the emotion process beyond emotional expression and recognition. Namely, individuals across groups can respond differently to nonverbal cues of emotion, which involves differences in the subjective interp retation of events via cognitive appraisal, differences in internal experience, and differences in emotion regulation. These, in turn, can influence accuracy in judging emotion cues across cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Die epistemologischen Jahre. Dissertation. Zürich, Schweiz: Chronos Verlag (Interferenzen)
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Esposito, Anna; Jain, Lakhmi C. (Hg.) (2016): Toward robotic socially believable behaving systems: Modeling emotions., Vol. I. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Intelligent systems reference library; Vol 105; ISSN: 1868-4394 (Print), 1868-4408 (Electronic))
Abstract: This book aims to investigate the features that are at the core of human interactions to model the involved emotional processes, in order to design and develop autonomous systems and algorithms able to detect early signs of changes, in moods and emotional states. The attention is focused on emotional social features and the human’s ability to decode and encode emotional social cues while interacting. In order to do this, the book will propose a series of investigations that gather behavioral data from speech, handwriting, facial, vocal and gestural expressions. This is done through the definition of behavioral tasks that may serve to produce changes in the perception of emotional social cues. Specific scenarios are designed to assess users’ emphatic and social competencies. The collected data are used to gain knowledge on how behavioral and interactional features are affected by individuals’ moods and emotional states. This information can be exploited to devise multidimensional models of multimodal interactional features that will serve for measuring the degree of empathic relationships developed between individuals and allow the design and development of cost-effective emotion-aware technologies to be used in applicative contexts such as remote health care services and robotic assistance.
Keywords: Moral & Ethik -
(2016): Inference of trustworthiness from intuitive moral judgments. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General 145 (6), S. 772-787. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000165
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27054685 Abstract: Moral judgments play a critical role in motivating and enforcing human cooperation, and research on the proximate mechanisms of moral judgments highlights the importance of intuitive, automatic processes in forming such judgments. Intuitive moral judgments often share characteristics with deontological theories in normative ethics, which argue that certain acts (such as killing) are absolutely wrong, regardless of their consequences. Why do moral intuitions typically follow deontological prescriptions, as opposed to those of other ethical theories? Here, we test a functional explanation for this phenomenon by investigating whether agents who express deontological moral judgments are more valued as social partners. Across 5 studies, we show that people who make characteristically deontological judgments are preferred as social partners, perceived as more moral and trustworthy, and are trusted more in economic games. These findings provide empirical support for a partner choice account of moral intuitions whereby typically deontological judgments confer an adaptive function by increasing a person's likelihood of being chosen as a cooperation partner. Therefore, deontological moral intuitions may represent an evolutionarily prescribed prior that was selected for through partner choice mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2016): Data Science and Designing for Privacy. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (1), S. 51-68. DOI: 10.5840/techne201632446
Abstract: Unprecedented advances in the ability to store, analyze, and retrieve data is the hallmark of the information age. Along with enhanced capability to identify meaningful patterns in large data sets, contemporary data science renders many classical models of privacy protection ineffective. Addressing these issues through privacy-sensitive design is insufficient because advanced data science is mutually exclusive with preserving privacy. The special privacy problem posed by data analysis has so far escaped even leading accounts of informational privacy. Here, I argue that accounts of privacy must include norms about information processing in addition to norms about information flow. Ultimately, users need the resources to control how and when personal information is processed and the knowledge to make information decisions about that control. While privacy is an insufficient design constraint, value-sensitive design around control and transparency can support privacy in the information age.
Keywords: Daten, Datenschutz & Privatssphäre, Design, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informationelle Selbstbestimmung, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Philosophie, Privacy and data, Privatsphäre, Reflexionen über MTR, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Value-Sensitive-Design, Werte, Zeitschrift: techne -
Faniko, Klea (2016): Gender and social hierarchies. Perspectives from social psychology. London: Routledge
Keywords: Sexism -
(2016): Promoting Interactions Between Humans and Robots Using Robotic Emotional Behavior. In: IEEE Trans Cybern 46 (12), S. 2911-2923. DOI: 10.1109/TCYB.2015.2492999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2015.2492999 Abstract: The objective of a socially assistive robot is to create a close and effective interaction with a human user for the purpose of giving assistance. In particular, the social interaction, guidance, and support that a socially assistive robot can provide a person can be very beneficial to patient-centered care. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. This paper focuses on developing effective emotion-based assistive behavior for a socially assistive robot intended for natural human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios with explicit social and assistive task functionalities. In particular, in this paper, a unique emotional behavior module is presented and implemented in a learning-based control architecture for assistive HRI. The module is utilized to determine the appropriate emotions of the robot to display, as motivated by the well-being of the person, during assistive task-driven interactions in order to elicit suitable actions from users to accomplish a given person-centered assistive task. A novel online updating technique is used in order to allow the emotional model to adapt to new people and scenarios. Experiments presented show the effectiveness of utilizing robotic emotional assistive behavior during HRI scenarios.
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(2016): Pluralism, social cognition, and interaction in autism. In: Philosophical Psychology 30 (1-2), S. 161-184. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2016.1261394
Abstract: In this paper, I investigate social cognition and its relation to interaction in autism from the perspective of a pluralist account of social understanding by considering behavioral as well as neuroscientific findings. Traditionally, researchers have focused on mental state reasoning in autism, which is uncontroversially impaired. A pluralist account of social cognition aims to explore the varieties of social understanding that are acquired throughout ontogeny and may play a role in everyday life. The analysis shows that children with autism are well able to understand other people's behavior by considering social rules and norms, scripts, and stereotypes. Moreover, some individuals with autism succeed in understanding other people's behavior in terms of mental states by employing explicit behavioral rules as a compensatory strategy. The paper ends with a discussion of the social cognitive (dys)functions in autism and their relation to the motivation of individuals with autism to engage in social interaction.
Keywords: Angesicht, ASPERGER-SYNDROME, Autism spectrum disorder, Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Blick, Disziplin, EYE GAZE, FALSE BELIEF, Interaction, Interaktion, JOINT ATTENTION, mental states, mental states reasoning, mentale Zustände, MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM, NORMAL-CHILDREN, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, OF-MIND DEVELOPMENT, OTHERS ACTIONS, Pathologie, PERSPECTIVE-TAKING, Philosophie, pluralist theories, Psychologie, script, Social Cognition, soziale Kognition, SPECTRUM DISORDERS -
(2016) : The development of other-gender interactions: Behavioral, biological, cognitive, and contextual influences. In: Roberts, Tomi-Ann: Feminist perspectives on building a better psychological science of gender: Berlin, Germany: Springer, S. 121-139
Abstract: The goal of this chapter is to present a model that considers how biology, early peer experiences, cognitive, and contextual factors may relate to changes in other-gender interactions. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first section describes the normative developmental patterns of children's and adolescents' same- and other-gender peer interactions and does this by reviewing the existing literature from early childhood through adolescence. The second section is largely theoretical and considers the influence of behavioral characteristics (e.g., early peer experiences), biological development (e.g., pubertal development), social cognitions (e.g., expectancies and efficacy), and contextual factors (e.g., family characteristics and school composition) and the influence these factors might have on individual differences in the development of other-gender/mixed gender interactions. The final sections highlight the importance of other-gender interactions and prov ide futu re directions and suggestions for studying and understanding individual differences in children's and adolescents' other-gender interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
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(2016): Sinn braucht ein Fundament – Überlegungen zur Struktur der Anerkennung / Sense needs a fundament – considerations on the structure of appreciation. In: Arbeit 24 (1-2), S. 87-104. DOI: 10.1515/arbeit-2016-0007
Abstract: Sinn ist auf mehreren Ebenen konstituiert: im subjektiven Sinnerleben innerhalb des Arbeitsvollzugs, in gesellschaftlich verankerten objektiven Handlungsstrukturen sowie als normativer Ausdruck anerkannter Formen der Existenzsicherung, wie sie in der Sozialpolitik Niederschlag finden. Zwischen Sinn und Anerkennung herrscht nicht immer Übereinstimmung. Der Beitrag beleuchtet daher insbesondere die Beziehungen zwischen den drei Ebenen und stellt Inkohärenzen heraus an Stellen, wo Sinnvolles keine Anerkennung findet. Ausgehend davon wird der Vorschlag des Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens auf sein kohärentes Potenzial hin untersucht.
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(2016): Hobbit, a care robot supporting independent living at home: First prototype and lessons learned. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 75, S. 60-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2014.09.029
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2014.09.029 Abstract: One option to address the challenge of demographic transition is to build robots that enable aging in place. Falling has been identified as the most relevant factor to cause a move to a care facility. The Hobbit project combines research from robotics, gerontology, and human–robot interaction to develop a care robot which is capable of fall prevention and detection as well as emergency detection and handling. Moreover, to enable daily interaction with the robot, other functions are added, such as bringing objects, offering reminders, and entertainment. The interaction with the user is based on a multimodal user interface including automatic speech recognition, text-to-speech, gesture recognition, and a graphical touch-based user interface. We performed controlled laboratory user studies with a total of 49 participants (aged 70 plus) in three EU countries (Austria, Greece, and Sweden). The collected user responses on perceived usability, acceptance, and affordability of the robot demonstrate a positive reception of the robot from its target user group. This article describes the principles and system components for navigation and manipulation in domestic environments, the interaction paradigm and its implementation in a multimodal user interface, the core robot tasks, as well as the results from the user studies, which are also reflected in terms of lessons we learned and we believe are useful to fellow researchers.
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(2016): Status, Power, and Intergroup Relations. The Personal Is the Societal. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 11, S. 44-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.012
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453923 Abstract: Hierarchies in the correlated forms of power (resources) and status (prestige) are constants that organize human societies. This article reviews relevant social psychological literature and identifies several converging results concerning power and status. Whether rank is chronically possessed or temporarily embodied, higher ranks create psychological distance from others, allow agency by the higher ranked, and exact deference from the lower ranked. Beliefs that status entails competence are essentially universal. Interpersonal interactions create warmth-competence compensatory tradeoffs. Along with societal structures (enduring inequality), these tradeoffs reinforce status-competence beliefs. Race, class, and gender further illustrate these dynamics. Although status systems are resilient, they can shift, and understanding those change processes is an important direction for future research, as global demographic changes disrupt existing hierarchies. zitiert von 25
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(2016): Schule personzentriert gestalten. Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung in der Schule. 1. Auflage. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer
Abstract: Der Personzentrierte Ansatz und sein Einsatz im schulischen Kontext werden vorgestellt. Gezeigt wird, wie mit diesem Ansatz Schülerinnen und Schüler besser angesprochen und emotional erreicht werden. So können sie sich leichter am Prozess des Unterrichts beteiligen; sie werden aufgeschlossener und kreativer. Bezüglich der kooperativen Beziehungen unter Lehrkräften wirken personzentrierte Umgangsformen gesundheitsfördernd und helfen, den spannungsvollen Schulalltag zu bewältigen. An Stelle jener Steuerungsinstrumente, die den Führungsmethoden von Wirtschaftsunternehmen entlehnt sind, werden die vielfältigen Wirkungen humaner Beziehungs- und Kommunikationsgestaltung betont, die durch empirische Studien gut belegt sind. - Inhalt: (1) Einleitung [Bedingungen und Anforderungen der Gegenwartsgesellschaft; der Mensch ist Mittelpunkt]. (2) Der Personzentrierte Ansatz (PzA) [Grundbegriffe; Grundbedürfnisse und weitere Motivationsfaktoren; Umgang mit Schule aus Schülerperspektive; das personzentrierte Beziehungsangebot; personzentrierte Kompetenzen fördern Schulkultur und Klassenklima; Schwierigkeiten und Fehleinschätzungen]. (3) Konflikte in der Schule [Ein Konfliktmodell für die Schule; Entwicklung von Konfliktkompetenzen; Arbeit an und mit zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen]. (4) Befunde aus wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit des Personzentrierten Ansatzes. (5) Anwendungsbereiche des Personzentrierten Ansatzes in der Schule: Auf dem Weg zur wertschätzend und zielorientiert arbeitenden Organisation [Wertschätzung als Grundlage für die Arbeit in der Schule; psychohygienische Effekte einer "Gesunden Schule"; Qualifizierung und Professionalität; die Rolle der Schulleitung: Personalentwicklung]. (6) Schlusswort und Ausblick. (7) Kommentierte Literatur für Fortbildung und Training.
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(2016): Address practices in academic interactions in a pluricentric language. In: Pragmatics 26 (4), S. 631-652. DOI: 10.1075/prag.26.4.05for
Abstract: Following the recent development of address research in pluricentric languages (Clyne et al. 2006), the present study describes address practices in English-speaking academic settings and pursues two main objectives: (a) to provide a profile of address patterns in academic interactions in Australian English; and (b) to compare address practices in higher education across the three dominant varieties of English, namely American English, Australian English, and British English. The data on Australian English are drawn from 235 questionnaires completed by students, who reported on the address strategies adopted by students and teaching staff in classroom interactions in an Australian university. Data on American and British academic settings were retrieved from the research literature on the topic. The findings show a high degree of informality and familiarity in student-teacher relations in Australia, where reciprocal first names are the default pattern of address at all levels. By contrast, in American academia the hierarchical organization of roles and the different professional positions are foregrounded and reinforced through an asymmetrical use of titles, honorifics and first names. Finally, the British university setting displays a non-reciprocal usage of first names and titles between lecturer and students, which gradually evolves into a more generalised reciprocal use of first names, usually after extended contact and collaboration. We argue that the distinctive patterns of address observed in the three varieties of English reflect diverse social and cultural values systems at work in different speech communities.
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(2016) : Der Grund der Kritik. Zum Begriff der Menschenwürde in sozialen Rechtfertigungsordnungen In: Jaeggi, Rahel; Wesche, Tilo (Hg.): Was ist Kritik?: 4. Aufl.: Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft), S. 150-164
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Frey, Dieter (2016): Psychologie der Werte. Von Achtsamkeit bis Zivilcourage - Basiswissen aus Psychologie und Philosophie. 1. Auflage. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, zuletzt geprüft am 09.02.2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48014-4 Abstract: Das ABC der Werte - psychologisch betrachtet! Dieser Sammelband lädt ein, sich mit den Grundwerten unserer Gesellschaft neu auseinanderzusetzen: Was bedeuten eigentlich Empathie, Respekt, Vertrauen u. a. Werte im Kern? Was wissen psychologische Forschung, Philosophie oder Theologie darüber? Welche Bedeutung haben diese Werte für jeden Einzelnen persönlich? Wie können diese Werte gelebt und in Alltag, Unternehmen und Gesellschaft gestärkt werden? - Ein Buch für alle, die sich in Zeiten des gefühlten Wertewandels auf fundierte Weise mit Werten befassen bzw. darüber klar werden möchten, welche Werte für das eigene Privat- oder Berufsleben wichtig sind. - Ein Buch für interessierte Laien, Studierende, Führungskräfte, Lehrer oder Politiker, das aktuelles Wissen liefert sowie zu Selbstreflexion und Diskussion anregt. Inhalt 25 Werte - von A wie Achtsamkeit bis Z wie Zivilcourage - in 25 kompakten Kapiteln Einheitlicher Aufbau jeder Werte-Betrachtung: Definition eines Wertes; theoretische Einordnung und Stand der Forschung aus den Perspektiven der Psychologie, Philosophie oder Theologie; Anregungen zur Förderung und Implementierung in Alltag und Berufsleben Praktische Hinweise: Wie können Werte methodisch, didaktisch und inhaltlich vermittelt werden? Warum handeln Menschen oft nicht nach den eigenen Grundwerten und wie kann diese Diskrepanz verringert werden? Zielgruppen Alle Personen, die in Erziehung, Lehre und Führung tätig sind Studierende und Dozenten, die sich in Ausbildung und Lehre mit Werten auseinandersetzen Alle am Thema „Werte“ Interessierte Herausgeber und Autoren Herausgeber Prof. Dr. Dieter Frey ist Professor für Sozialpsychologie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und Leiter des LMU Center for Leadership and People Management Die Autorinnen und Autoren sind Masterstudierende an der LMU München im Master für Wirtschafts-, Organisations- und Sozialpsychologie
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(2016): What is a Person?. Rethinking Humanity, Social Life, and the Moral Good from the Person Up. By Christian Smith. Pp. xi, 518, Chicago/London, The University of Chicago Press, 2010, £21.50/$24.86. In: The Heythrop Journal 57 (3), S. 611-612. DOI: 10.1111/heyj.2_12320Keywords: Ohne Abstract oder Text
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(2016) : Das Bedürfnis nach Kontrolle als soziale Motivation In: Bierhoff, Hans-Werner; Frey, Dieter (Hg.): Soziale Motive und soziale Einstellungen: 1. Auflage: Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie), S. 53-86
Abstract: Ein Überblick über die Forschung zu den Bedingungen und Auswirkungen von Kontrolle und deren motivationalen Grundlagen wird gegeben. Zunächst wird geklärt, was (Sozial-)Psychologinnen und (Sozial-)Psychologen von Kontrolle sprechen. Dann wird die Frage diskutiert, ob es sich beim Streben nach Kontrolle um ein menschliches Grundmotiv handelt. Die Auswirkungen wahrgenommener Kontrolle auf menschliches Denken, Fühlen und Handeln werden besprochen, und es wird erörtert, wie Menschen mit wahrgenommenem Kontrollmangel umgehen (etwa soziale Verteidigungsreaktionen wie gruppenbasierte oder kompensatorische Kontrolle). Abschließend wird - über den Rahmen klassischer Theorien und Befunde hinausgehend - gezeigt, dass Kontrollprozesse in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Sozialpsychologie von Bedeutung sind. Insbesondere geht es hierbei um die Transaktionen zwischen Individuen und ihrer physikalischen sowie ihrer sozialen Umwelt, wobei letztere an sich durch Kontrollbeziehungen (soziale Macht) gekennzeichnet ist und gleichzeitig die Grundlage für soziale Koordination und Kooperation und somit Prozesse kollektiver Kontrolle ("collective action") bildet.
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(2016): An Expert's Guide to International Protocol. Best Practices in Diplomatic and Corporate Relations. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=5288289
Abstract: Cover -- Table of Contents -- Preface by His Royal Highness Prince Carlos de Bourbon de Parme -- Prologue -- Acknowledgements -- 1. International protocol -- Introduction -- Protocol vs Etiquette -- Etiquette and its History -- Protocol and its History -- Protocol and cultural differences -- Interview with Professor Jaap de Hoop Scheffer -- 2. Precedence -- Introduction and history -- Comparison of countries around the world -- Various facts, trivia, and guidelines -- Protocol and the International Court of Justice by Dame Rosalyn Higgins -- 3. Seating arrangements and order of processions -- Introduction -- Tables -- Conference settings -- Posing for official group photographs -- Seating plans during audiences and press conferences -- Order of receiving lines -- Order of processions -- Seating in vehicles -- Protocol at the United Nations and at Think Tanks â A Comparative Perspective by Dr Abiodun Williams -- 4. Flag protocol -- Introduction -- Designs and colours -- Flag Codes -- Rules for using flags -- Flag protocol and flag order -- Application of flag protocol -- Trivia -- A genuine experience, protocol in an international institution, the European Parliament by Mr FranÃois Brunagel -- 5. Invitations and dress codes -- History and introduction -- General guidelines for composing an invitation -- Forms of address -- Examples of invitation texts -- Dress codes -- Diplomatic language and formal language: a code with a double meaning by Professor Olivier Arifon -- 6. Gifts and honours -- Gifts -- Honours -- State visits by His Excellency Mr José de Bouza Serrano -- 7. Ceremonies -- Introduction -- Meaning of a Ceremony -- Organising a Ceremony -- Components of a Ceremony -- State Ceremonies -- State Visits -- Laying of wreaths -- Presentation of credentials -- State funerals -- Inauguration / Swearing-In and Coronation -- Gun salutes Guard of Honour / Ceremonial Guard -- Escorts of Honour -- Suite of Honour -- Silent processions -- Protocol at the Olympic Games by Mr Andrea Miliccia -- 8. The protocol officer -- Introduction -- The focus of a protocol officer -- Four stages for a successful high-level event -- Unforeseen circumstances -- Speech by Ivo van Vliet, Jeroen Koks, and Ruben Nederpel -- Protocol is a basic principle of professional success by Mr Jean Paul Wijers -- Presidential Protocol by Mr Lahoud Lahoud -- 9. Guest and host -- Role of host -- Mutual interest -- Guest list -- Guestâs checklist in order to facilitate strategic networking -- Interview with Mr Martin van Pernis -- Protocol and Dance by Mr Samuel Wuersten -- Authorsâ biographies -- Bibliography -- Websites -- Illustrations and photographs -- Index
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(2016) : Gender and linguistic sexism. In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Hg.): Advances in intergroup communication: Bern, Schweiz: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe (Language as social action)
Abstract: In this chapter, we approach the issue of 'grammaticalization of gender' from an intergroup relations perspective. Using social identity theory, and more specifically self-categorization theory, we argue that grammaticalization of gender strongly contributes to the salience, or accessibility, of the social category 'gender.' Relatedly, we contend that the dual use of grammatically masculine forms to refer to people in general (i.e., as generic forms) as well as to men in particular (i.e., as gender-specific forms) is a reflection of intergroup hierarchies and helps to delimit intergroup boundaries in a way that disadvantages women. As a starting point for our argument, we present the concepts of self-categorization and grammaticalization of gender. We demonstrate how these can be linked together and discuss recent empirical evidence in light of this framework. We then focus on the asymmetric use of grammatical gender forms, which is prevalent in many gendered languages, a nd its c onsequences for the overall invisibility of women in discourse as well as for individuals' sense of belonging. Against this background we discuss neutralization and feminization as linguistic approaches to addressing the negative consequences of the grammaticalization of gender, which have been promoted by political and language-regulating institutions, and conclude with outlining future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): The neural correlates of moral decision-making. A systematic review and meta-analysis of moral evaluations and response decision judgements. In: Brain and Cognition 108, S. 88-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.07.007
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27566002 Abstract: The aims of this systematic review were to determine: (a) which brain areas are consistently more active when making (i) moral response decisions, defined as choosing a response to a moral dilemma, or deciding whether to accept a proposed solution, or (ii) moral evaluations, defined as judging the appropriateness of another's actions in a moral dilemma, rating moral statements as right or wrong, or identifying important moral issues; and (b) shared and significantly different activation patterns for these two types of moral judgements. A systematic search of the literature returned 28 experiments. Activation likelihood estimate analysis identified the brain areas commonly more active for moral response decisions and for moral evaluations. Conjunction analysis revealed shared activation for both types of moral judgement in the left middle temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus. Contrast analyses found no significant clusters of increased activation for the moral evaluations-moral response decisions contrast, but found that moral response decisions additionally activated the left and right middle temporal gyrus and the right precuneus. Making one's own moral decisions involves different brain areas compared to judging the moral actions of others, implying that these judgements may involve different processes.
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(2016): Soziale Teilhabe von Kindern in inklusiven Klassen. In: Empirische Pädagogik 30 (1), S. 67-80
Abstract: Untersucht wurde die soziale Teilhabe von 336 Kindern der ersten bis dritten Stufe in 20 inklusiven Primarschulklassen, in denen Kinder mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung (intellektuelle Beeinträchtigung oder schwere Lernbeeinträchtigung) unterrichtet werden. Von Interesse waren dabei die sozialen Beziehungen und Interaktionen sowie die (wahrgenommene) soziale Akzeptanz. Die soziale Teilhabe wurde mit soziometrischen Methoden erhoben. Die befragten Kinder mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung waren weniger beliebt, wurden weniger oft als Spielgefährten genannt und wurden öfter abgelehnt als ihre Peers. Bezüglich der Anzahl an Freunden wurde jedoch kein Unterschied zwischen den Lernenden mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung und ihren Peers gefunden. In Klassen, in denen viele Kinder miteinander befreundet sind und die Ablehnung zwischen den Kindern insgesamt niedriger ist, scheinen Lernende mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung leichter Freundschaften knüpfen zu können. Es wird gefolgert, dass Interventionen zur Förderung von sozialer Teilhabe das Ziel verfolgen müssen, die Entstehung von Freundschaften in inklusiven Klassen zu ermöglichen und soziale Akzeptanz durch Gemeinschaftsförderung zu erreichen.