Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Altruistic behavior in cohesive social groups. The role of target identifiability. In: PLoS one 12 (11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187903
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161282 Abstract: People's tendency to be more generous toward identifiable victims than toward unidentifiable or statistical victims is known as the Identifiable Victim Effect. Recent research has called the generality of this effect into question, showing that in cross-national contexts, identifiability mostly affects willingness to help victims of one's own "in-group." Furthermore, in inter-group conflict situations, identifiability increased generosity toward a member of the adversary group, but decreased generosity toward a member of one's own group. In the present research we examine the role of group-cohesiveness as an underlying factor accounting for these divergent findings. In particular, we examined novel groups generated in the lab, using the minimal group paradigm, as well as natural groups of students in regular exercise sections. Allocation decisions in dictator games revealed that a group's cohesiveness affects generosity toward in-group and out-group recipients differently, depending on their identifiability. In particular, in cohesive groups the identification of an in-group recipient decreased, rather than increased generosity.
2016
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(2016): Quality of Life for Diverse Older Adults in Assisted Living: The Centrality of Control. In: Journal of gerontological social work 59 (7-8), S. 512-536. DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2016.1254699
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824306 Abstract: This pilot project asked: How do ethnically diverse older adult residents of assisted living (AL) facilities in British Columbia (BC) experience quality of life? And, what role, if any, do organizational and physical environmental features play in influencing how quality of life is experienced? The study was conducted at three AL sites in BC: two ethnoculturally targeted and one nontargeted. Environmental audits at each site captured descriptive data on policies, fees, rules, staffing, meals, and activities, and the built environment of the AL building and neighborhood. Using a framework that understands the quality of life of older adults to be contingent on their capability to pursue 5 conceptual attributes-attachment, role, enjoyment, security, and control-we conducted 3 focus groups with residents (1 per site) and 6 interviews with staff (2 per site). Attributes were linked to the environmental features captured in the audits. All dimensions of the environment, especially organizational, influence tenants' capability to attain the attributes of quality of life, most importantly control. Although many tenants accept the trade-off between increased safety and diminished control that accompanies a move into AL, more could be done to minimize that loss. Social workers can advocate for the necessary multi-sectoral changes.
Keywords: 80 and over, Aged, Assistenz, Assisting Living Facilities, Attitude of Health Personnel, British Columbia, Community Networks, Female, Focus Groups, Gerontologie, Humans, Male, Personal Autonomy, Personal Satisfaction, Pilot Projects, PSYCHOLOGY, Quality of Life, Safety Management, standards 2014
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(2014): Age-related differences in judgments of inappropriate behavior are related to humor style preferences. In: Psychology and Aging 29 (3), S. 528-541. DOI: 10.1037/a0036666
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244473 Abstract: Identifying social gaffes is important for maintaining relationships. Older adults are less able than young to discriminate between socially appropriate and inappropriate behavior in video clips. One open question is how these social appropriateness ratings relate to potential age differences in the perception of what is actually funny or not. In the present study, young, middle-aged, and older adults were equally able to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate social behavior in a diverse set of clips relevant across age groups. However, young and middle-aged adults rated the gaffe clips as funnier than control clips and young adults smiled more during the inappropriate clips than the control clips. Older adults did not show this pattern, suggesting that they did not find the inappropriate clips funny. Additionally, young adults endorsed a more aggressive humor style than middle-aged and older adults and aggressive humor style endorsement mediated age differences in social appropriateness ratings. Results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms such as cohort differences in humor and developmental prioritization of certain humor styles, as well as the importance of investigating age differences in both abilities and preferences.
2011
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(2011): Mapping the moral domain. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 101 (2), S. 366-385. DOI: 10.1037/a0021847
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847 Abstract: The moral domain is broader than the empathy and justice concerns assessed by existing measures of moral competence, and it is not just a subset of the values assessed by value inventories. To fill the need for reliable and theoretically grounded measurement of the full range of moral concerns, we developed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire on the basis of a theoretical model of 5 universally available (but variably developed) sets of moral intuitions: Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. We present evidence for the internal and external validity of the scale and the model, and in doing so we present new findings about morality: (a) Comparative model fitting of confirmatory factor analyses provides empirical justification for a 5-factor structure of moral concerns; (b) convergent/discriminant validity evidence suggests that moral concerns predict personality features and social group attitudes not previously considered morally relevant; and (c) we establish pragmatic validity of the measure in providing new knowledge and research opportunities concerning demographic and cultural differences in moral intuitions. These analyses provide evidence for the usefulness of Moral Foundations Theory in simultaneously increasing the scope and sharpening the resolution of psychological views of morality.
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(2011): A pilot study of social competence group training for adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning and emotional and behavioural problems (SCT-ABI). In: Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 55 (2), S. 231-241. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01369.x
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21199047 Abstract: BACKGROUND Emotional and behavioural problems as well as a lack of social competence are common in adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning and impair their social and vocational integration. Group interventions specifically developed for this target group are scarce and controlled evaluation studies are absent. METHODS A cognitive-behavioural group training (Social Competence Training for Adolescents with Borderline Intelligence) was developed and its effectiveness was examined in students attending special vocational schools. A total of 77 adolescents with borderline intelligence were randomised either to the intervention (n=40) or to the control group (n=37). Outcome measures at post-treatment and at a 6-month follow-up comprised self-reports, caregiver reports and behavioural observations. RESULTS The adolescents in the intervention group showed temporally stable improvement in their social competence, especially in social problem solving (F=17.6, P<0.001) and attainment of individual behavioural goals in everyday life (self-reports: F=15.9, P<0.001; caregiver reports: F=87.9, P<0.001). Effects of the intervention on other outcomes such as problem-solving competence and skills performed in standardised role plays were weak or absent. CONCLUSIONS Social Competence Training for Adolescents with Borderline Intelligence is a promising treatment for adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning and associated emotional/behavioural symptoms. Further studies examining long-term effects on the participants' social and vocational integration are needed.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry/methods, Affective Symptoms/complications/therapy, Behavioral Symptoms/complications/therapy, Cognitive Therapy/methods, Disziplin, Gruppentraining, Humans, Intellectual Disability/complications/psychology/therapy, Interpersonal Relations, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Mensch mit Behinderung, Mentally Disabled Persons/psychology/rehabilitation, Pilot Projects, Postkasten, Psychologie, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychotherapy, Group/methods, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, social competence training, social competences, social learning, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialkompetenz, SV, Therapie, Treatment Outcome, Ziele sozial angemessenen Verhaltens
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