Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017) : Cultural and genetic influences on emotion: The role of motivational processes in gene-culture interactions. In: Church, A. T.: Culture and characteristic adaptations: Santa Barbara, California, USA: Praeger/ABC-CLIO, S. 35-59
Abstract: Imagine you have just arrived in a country you have never visited before. The language spoken is different from yours, and yet you find that you are able to communicate at least some of your sentiments with the local people. You can express your feelings of excitement, perhaps from being in an exotic environment, as well as your frustrations from getting a little lost. Through your facial expressions, gestures, and physiological responses—sweating palms, a racing heart, and rapid breathing—some of your basic emotions come across to the people you meet. Although the general meaning of certain emotions may be shared, are emotions experienced and expressed in the same way across cultures? How do biological factors, such as genetic and physiological processes, interact with social and cultural factors to influence emotions? In this chapter, we first review research on culture and emotional experience and expression. Next, we review the theoretical background for gene-cult ure inte raction research, and we put forward a novel hypothesis that considers the role of motivational processes in these interaction effects: the motivational setting hypothesis. We then discuss gene culture interaction research with cultural psychological findings in the area of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2013
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(2013): Cross-cultural perspectives on emotion expressive humanoid robotic head: Recognition of facial expressions and symbols. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 5 (4), S. 515-527. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0213-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0213-z Abstract: Emotion display through facial expressions is an important channel of communication. However, between humans there are differences in the way a meaning to facial cues is assigned, depending on the background culture. This leads to a gap in recognition rates of expressions: this problem is present when displaying a robotic face too, as a robot’s facial expression recognition is often hampered by a cultural divide, and poor scores of recognition rate may lead to poor acceptance and interaction. It would be desirable if robots could switch their output facial configuration flexibly, adapting to different cultural backgrounds. To achieve this, we made a generation system that produces facial expressions and applied it to the 24 degrees of freedom head of the humanoid social robot KOBIAN-R, and thanks to the work of illustrators and cartoonists, the system can generate two versions of the same expression, in order to be easily recognisable by both Japanese and Western subjects. As a tool for making recognition easier, the display of Japanese comic symbols on the robotic face has also been introduced and evaluated. In this work, we conducted a cross-cultural study aimed at assessing this gap in recognition and finding solutions for it. The investigation was extended to Egyptian subjects too, as a sample of another different culture. Results confirmed the differences in recognition rates, the effectiveness of customising expressions, and the usefulness of symbols display, thereby suggesting that this approach might be valuable for robots that in the future will interact in a multicultural environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2009
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(2009): Die Rolle positiver Emotionen in der frühen Sozialisation. In: Psychotherapeut 54 (2), S. 101-110. DOI: 10.1007/s00278-009-0652-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-009-0652-z Abstract: Emotions are vital characteristics of the evolved human nature. Expression and function of emotions, however, vary substantially depending on socio-cultural contexts. This paper focuses on two strategies concerning the expression of positive emotionality in early mother-child interactions. Western middle class families emphasize the expression of positive emotions in early social interactions from early infancy. Positive emotionality is associated with personal autonomy and individual uniqueness. In traditional farmer families in the non-western world emotional control is emphasized from birth. Emotional inexpressiveness is part of a socialization strategy that is oriented towards hierarchical relatedness. The early socialization experiences have measurable effects on emotion regulation of 1-year-old children. The confrontation of different cultural models in multicultural societies is inherently fraught with confliction. These implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Databa se Recor d (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 7
2008
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(2008): Managing emotional expressions in social contexts. The motivations for emotional equilibrium in small-town Yucatan. In: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 68 (10-B)
Abstract: Current academic research on Americans who consistently suppress their emotional expressions tends to provide empirical proof for the negative consequences of such actions. In particular, some researchers believe that suppression of emotional expressions leads to a decrease in well-being and proves to be less adaptive (for example, for interpersonal relations and long-term health) over time (Gross, 2003; Butler 2003 offers two examples). Yet this is a decidedly Western view of emotion regulation. This project used ethnographic observations, open-ended interviews, and questionnaires within a psychiatric hospital in Merida, Yucatan, and a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico, in order to explore the apparently protective ideology of emotional regulation in their cultural context-a cultural context that places an emphasis on preserving and cultivating familial relations and maintaining emotional equilibrium. This study had two stages. In stage one, the nonclinical stage, I asked: Why was it important for women to hide certain emotional expressions around family members? After analyzing the findings, I came to believe that culturally appropriate down-regulation of emotional expressions provided people with social benefits. In turn, these social benefits contributed to the personal well-being of the women. In stage two, the clinical stage, I sought to understand whether and, if so, how depressed women's emotion-regulation practices differed from those of nondepressed women. In addition, I attempted to ascertain whether the clinical participants' emotion-display rules had created barriers for their psychiatric treatment. In fact, I discovered that through their psychiatric treatment they were encouraged to emote in new ways. In treatment, they were exposed to a new set of emotion-display rules. The seemingly culturally sterile psychiatric clinic had actually imparted a reasonable amount of cultural influence on these women. The findings suggest that both groups prefer to regulate or deamplify (i.e., lessen) the expression of emotions. Participants from both groups mentioned three possible motivations for regulating emotional expressions. Preliminary analysis suggests that such behavior is culturally normative and encouraged, as personal decorum is highly valued and control over one's speech and behavior is lauded as a valuable character trait. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1985
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(1985): The structure of social intelligence. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.Keywords: Emotionality (Personality), Empathy, Factor Structure, factorial structure of social intelligence, Intelligence, mental health personnel, prosocial interest & social & empathy skills & emotionality & social anxiety, social anxiety, Social intelligence, Social Skills, Sonstiges, Soziale Intelligenz
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