Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Ranking low, feeling high. How hierarchical position and experienced power promote prosocial behavior in response to procedural justice. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (2), S. 164-181. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000260
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933910 Abstract: Research shows that power can lead to prosocial behavior by facilitating the behavioral expression of dispositional prosocial motivation. However, it is not clear how power may facilitate responses to contextual factors that promote prosocial motivation. Integrating fairness heuristic theory and the situated focus theory of power, we argue that in particular, organization members in lower (vs. higher) hierarchical positions who simultaneously experience a high (vs. low) sense of power respond with prosocial behavior to 1 important antecedent of prosocial motivation, that is, the enactment of procedural justice. The results from a multisource survey among employees and their leaders from various organizations (Study 1) and an experiment using a public goods dilemma (Study 2) support this prediction. Three subsequent experiments (Studies 3-5) show that this effect is mediated by perceptions of authority trustworthiness. Taken together, this research (a) helps resolve the debate regarding whether power promotes or undermines prosocial behavior, (b) demonstrates that hierarchical position and the sense of power can have very different effects on processes that are vital to the functioning of an organization, and (c) helps solve ambiguity regarding the roles of hierarchical position and power in fairness heuristic theory. (PsycINFO Database Record
2017
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(2017): Authorities' coercive and legitimate power. The impact on cognitions underlying cooperation. In: Frontiers in Psychology (Online Journal) 8
Abstract: The execution of coercive and legitimate power by an authority assures cooperation and prohibits free-riding. While coercive power can be comprised of severe punishment and strict monitoring, legitimate power covers expert and informative procedures. The perception of these powers wielded by authorities stimulates specific cognitions: trust, relational climates, and motives. With four experiments, the single and combined impact of coercive versus legitimate power on these processes and on intended cooperation of a total of 720 student participants, is investigated within two exemplary contexts (i.e., tax contributions, insurance claims). The results revealed that coercive power increases an antagonistic climate and enforced compliance, whereas legitimate power increases reason-based trust, a service climate, and voluntary cooperation. Unexpectedly, legitimate power additionally has a negative effect on an antagonistic climate, and a positive effect on enforced compliance. The findings lead to a modification of theoretical assumptions. However, exclusively reason-based trust, but not climate perceptions and motives, mediates the relationship between power and intended cooperation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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(2017): Encouraging Prosocial Decisions. The Role of Fairness Salience and Uncertainty. In: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 30 (2), S. 502-515. DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1970
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1970 Abstract: Although the decision to engage in prosocial behavior has received research attention, the literature offers a limited understanding of fairness and uncertainty as antecedents. We propose that one can encourage prosocial decision making simply by invoking the notion of fairness because of its effects on the perceived trustworthiness of the invoking party. We also elucidate the complex role of uncertainty in prosocial decisions in that it has a negative effect while also serving to strengthen the positive effect of fairness salience. Our ideas are tested in two prosocial decision contexts, including participative pricing (i.e., 'pay what you want') and charitable giving. Data from an archival study of a naturally occurring event and two controlled experiments offer support for our arguments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Don’t stare at me: The impact of a humanoid robot’s gaze upon trust during a cooperative human–robot visual task. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 9 (5), S. 745-753. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y Abstract: Gaze is an important tool for social communication. Gaze can influence trust, likability, and compliance. However, excessive gaze in some contexts can signal threat, dominance and aggression, and hence complex social rules govern the appropriate use of gaze. Using a between-subjects design we investigated the impact of three levels of robot gaze (averted, constant and ’situational’) upon participants’ likelihood of trusting a humanoid robot’s opinion in a cooperative visual tracking task. The robot, acting as a confederate, would disagree with participants’ responses on certain trials, and suggest a different answer. As constant, staring gaze between strangers is associated with dominance and threat, and averted gaze is associated with lying, we predicted participants would be most likely to be persuaded by a robot which only gazed during disagreements (’situational gaze’). However, gender effects were found, with females least likely to trust a robot which stared at them, and no significant differences between averted gaze and situational gaze. Implications and future work are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): Trust me (or not). Regret and disappointment in experimental economic games. In: Decision 2 (2), S. 118-126. DOI: 10.1037/dec0000025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000025 Abstract: Emotional states exert an influence on trust and the reciprocation of trust. The current research found that regret and disappointment, though both negatively valenced, have distinct effects on trust (and trustworthiness). Three experiments showed that regret decreased trust and trustworthiness, whereas disappointment increased them. Regret elicited both lower initial transfers and returns in a trust game. Conversely, disappointment gave rise to both higher initial transfers and returns in the same game. The implications of our results are discussed. The findings once again demonstrate that emotions play a crucial role on decision-making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 19
2014
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(2014): Die Anderen als sozialer Kontext. Zur Bedeutung strategischer Interaktion. In: KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 66 (S1), S. 47-66. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-014-0258-5
Abstract: Strategisches Handeln bedeutet, dass die Ergebnisse einer Handlung von "Ego" von den Handlungen der "Alteri" abhängig sind. Solche Situationen sind zahlreich im Alltagsleben, in Wirtschaft und Politik. Pioniere wie Erving Goffman oder Raymond Boudon haben die Bedeutung strategischen Handelns für die soziologische Analyse frühzeitig erkannt. Die Handlungsmöglichkeiten anderer Personen bilden den strategischen Kontext einer Person. Zwischen Kontext und Handlung besteht eine Wechselwirkung, deren Dynamik mit spieltheoretischen Modellen analysiert werden kann. Anhand der drei Beispiele Verantwortungsdiffusion, Wettbewerb und relative Deprivation, sozialer Tausch und Vertrauensproblem wird strategisches Handeln erläutert und aufgezeigt, dass strategischer Kontext die Ressourcen und die Wahrnehmung von Chancen beeinflusst, die in Analysen strategischen Handelns eben nicht als exogen angenommen werden können. Analysen des strategischen Kontexts bewegen sich sowohl auf der Mikro- als auch auf der Makroebene. Allerdings sind die strikten Rationalitätsanforderungen der Modelle nicht immer erfüllt. Oft sind evolutionäre Erklärungen angemessener, die auf weniger restriktiven Annahmen adaptiven Verhaltens basieren. (Autorenreferat) zitiert von 7
2012
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(2012): Virtual project teams. The role of empathy and social intelligence in the development of trust. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: The purpose of this quantitative research study is to determine whether a relationship exist between nine virtual team leaders’ emotional intelligence skills of social intelligence and their empathy practice, and the perceived trust the virtual project team members had for their team leader. The subfactors of social responsibility and interpersonal relationship comprise social intelligence. The study hypothesized that the virtual team leaders’ empathy skills and social skills would positively influence the development of trust, as perceived by the virtual team members. Nine virtual teams from the defense contractor industry in the southeastern United States participated. Two survey instruments were used to evaluate the hypothesis. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) survey instrument was used to assess the practiced empathy skills and social intelligence skills if the virtual team leader. The ABC Research Foundation’s Measuring Organizational Trust indicator tool was used to assess the perceived trust of the virtual team members. The results of the study indicated that no significant positive correlation exist between virtual project leaders’ practice of empathic behavior and the development of trust among the team members. Social intelligence, as a whole, is associated with the development of trust in leader-member relationships in virtual project teams. These results further indicated that interpersonal relationship skills are strongly associated with developing positive trust relations and interactions in virtual environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2012): An Inter- and Intraindividual Perspective of the Substitutability of Fairness Rules for Trust Within Teams. In: Journal of Applied Social Psychology 42 (4), S. 850-873. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00831.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00831.x Abstract: The present study longitudinally assesses fairness allocation rule importance and equity allocation preference under conditions of evolving team trust. We predicted an interchangeable relationship between trust and allocation rules using an uncertainty management theory framework (Lind & Van den Bos, 2002; Van den Bos & Lind, 2002). From an interindividual perspective, lower initial trust toward team members predicted a higher degree of importance for the use of preferred allocation rules and greater use of the equity heuristic. An intraindividual change in trust predicted an inverse change in use of the equity heuristic, but not the expected change in allocation rule importance. Implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2012): Examining the Impact of Socialization Through Trust. In: Journal of personnel psychology 11 (4), S. 191-198. DOI: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000072
Abstract: Past research on newcomer socialization practices has focused on how such practices influence employee attitudes through increased job knowledge and role clarity. However, to date, no research has examined organizational trust as a mechanism through which socialization influences employee attitudes. We suggest that socialization serves as a signal to new employees regarding the treatment they are likely to receive from the organization, thus leading to increased organizational trust and positive job attitudes. In this three-wave study, we examine the relations among institutionalized socialization, organizational trust, and job attitudes. Our results indicate that trust functions as a mediator between institutionalized socialization tactics and job satisfaction and affective commitment. zitiert von 10
2011
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(2011): Adaptive aiding of human-robot teaming: Effects of imperfect automation on performance, trust, and workload. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 5 (2), S. 209-231. DOI: 10.1177/1555343411410160
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343411410160 Abstract: [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 5(3) of Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making (see record [rid]2011-18021-005[/rid]). In the original article, the data in Tables 3 and 4 were switched. The corrected Tables 3 and 4 is given in the erratum.] In many emerging civilian and military operations, human operators are increasingly being tasked to supervise multiple robotic uninhabited vehicles (UVs) with the support of automation. As 100% automation reliability cannot be assured, it is important to understand the effects of automation imperfection on performance. In addition, adaptive aiding may help counter any adverse effects of static (fixed) automation. Using a high-fidelity multi-UV simulation involving both air and ground vehicles, two experiments examined the effects of automation reliability and adaptive automation on human-system performance with different levels of task load. In Experiment 1, participants performed a reconnaissance mission while assisted with an automatic target recognition (ATR) system whose reliability was low, medium, or high. Overall human-robot team performance was higher than with either human or ATR performance alone. In Experiment 2, participants performed a similar reconnaissance mission with no ATR, static automation, or with adaptive automation keyed to task load. Participant trust and self-confidence were higher and workload was lower for adaptive automation compared with the other conditions. The results show that human-robot teams can benefit from imperfect static automation even in high task load conditions and that adaptive automation can provide additional benefits in trust and workload. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2006
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(2006): Soziales Kapital und soziale Kontrolle. Zu den Determinanten sozialer Kontrolle in Nachbarschaften. In: Kriminalistik 60 (3), S. 177-183
Abstract: Anhand der Daten einer schriftlichen Befragung einer geschichteten Zufallsstichprobe von 3612 Hamburger Bürgern wurden Hypothesen zu den Effekten des generellen und lokalen Sozialkapitals auf die von den Bewohnern praktizierte soziale Kontrolle in ihren jeweiligen Stadtteilen überprüft. Aus einer Sichtung bislang vorliegender Studien wurde abgeleitet, dass eine Person umso häufiger Aktivitäten sozialer Kontrolle im Stadtteil ausübt, (1) je größer das generelle soziale Kapital ist, (2) je häufiger Kontakte zu Nachbarn sind, (3) je stärker das Vertrauen zu Nachbarn ist, (4) je höher die kollektive Wirksamkeit ist, (5) je häufiger physische und soziale Unzivilisiertheiten wahrgenommen werden, (6) je häufiger persönliche und indirekte Viktimisierungen sind, (7) je größer die Unzufriedenheit mit dem Wohnen im Stadtteil ist, (8) je länger Bewohner in einem Stadtteil leben und (9) je eher Personen über Wohneigentum verfügen. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Regressionsanalysen, die auf drei verschiedenen Modellen beruhen, bestätigen positive Effekte des generellen Sozialkapitals, der Nachbarschaftskontakte, der wahrgenommenen Unzivilisiertheiten, der indirekten Viktimisierungen im Stadtteil sowie der Wohndauer und des Alters der Befragten auf das Ausmaß an ausgeübter sozialer Kontrolle. Mögliche Erklärungen dafür, dass das Vertrauen zu den Nachbarn keinen bzw. nur einen schwachen Effekt auf Kontrollaktivitäten aufwies, werden erörtert. Abschließend wird auf einige methodische Probleme der Studie eingegangen.
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