Alle Publikationen
2010
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(2010): Compassionate liberals and polite conservatives. Associations of agreeableness with political ideology and moral values. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 36 (5), S. 655-664. DOI: 10.1177/0146167210366854
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371797 Abstract: Political conservatism has been characterized by resistance to change and acceptance of inequality, with liberalism characterized by the polar opposite of these values. Political attitudes are heritable and may be influenced by basic personality traits. In previous research, conservatism (vs. liberalism) has been associated positively with Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect, consistent with the association of conservatism with resistance to change. Less clear, however, are the personality traits relating to egalitarianism. In two studies, using a personality model that divides each of the Big Five into two aspects, the present research found that one aspect of Agreeableness (Compassion) was associated with liberalism and egalitarianism, whereas the other (Politeness) was associated with conservatism and traditionalism. In addition, conservatism and moral traditionalism were positively associated with the Orderliness aspect of Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of personality's relation to political attitudes and values.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Disziplin, Empathy, Female, Good manners, Entwicklungspsychologie, Höflichkeit, Humans, konservativ, liberal, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Ontario, Oregon, Personality, Personality Assessment, Persönlichkeitsforschung, Politics, politische Einstellung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Regression Analysis, Schicht, Social Behavior, Social Values, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse, Werte, Young Adult -
(2010): Social Development and Minimum Standards in Social Work Education in South Africa. In: Social Work Education 29 (4), S. 356-371. DOI: 10.1080/02615470903055463
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02615470903055463 Abstract: This paper evaluates how well South African minimum standards for social work education, known as Exit Level Outcomes, are aligned to a social development paradigm. Developmental social work is a relatively new approach in social work education internationally, and this article can therefore provide lessons for other countries using this paradigm in an education model based on national minimum standards. The complexities and difficulties of using a minimum standards approach in education are discussed and the policy context for the development of these standards in South Africa is explained. The use of a social development framework for the analysis is motivated in relation to its relevance to the social context. Nine criteria for a social development perspective were drawn from the literature to form an analytical framework. A content analysis using this framework was done on the minimum standards. The results show that the minimum standards are generally aligned with social development principles that drive national priorities, but a few significant gaps exist, which are outlined and discussed. This article attempts to grapple with the complexities of using these minimum standards to drive both curricula related and extra curricula activities in social work education in South Africa
Keywords: Design -
(2010): Wie sich die Werte ändern. In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 42 (1), S. 26-38. DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000003
Abstract: This article proposes a goal-theoretical model to explain individual and societal value changes. The theory assumes that people can change their values following everyday experiences of actions within their cultural environments. Acting is regarded as being goal-oriented and it is assumed that its affective and cognitive attendant symptoms and its outcomes are perceived and processed. From the accumulated action-accompanying experiences, people infer the values that are related to the respective actions. Societal value changes result if a sufficient number of people in a society have similar action experiences. We specify conditions of occurrence and classify the model within established theories. We illustrate how the model is capable of explaining intercohort value changes among adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Hoffmann, Ludger (2010): Sprachwissenschaft. Ein Reader. 3., aktualisierte und erw. Aufl.. Berlin: De Gruyter (De-Gruyter-Studium). Online verfügbar unter http://www.reference-global.com/isbn/978-3-11-022629-4
DOI: http://www.reference-global.com/isbn/978-3-11-022629-4 Abstract: The book contains classic and introductory texts to the core areas of linguistics, for example by Humboldt, de Saussure, Bloomfield, Bühler, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, Austin, Grice, Tomasello and others. Introductory texts provide an overview followed by transcripts and exercises for practice. The book provides a good introduction to the fundamentals of linguistics and is an ideal resource for exam preparation and for gaining an in-depth understanding of the subject. It is now available in a third, updated and expanded edition. The didactic orientation has been strengthened to meet the needs of Bachelor students. Introduction to the fundamentals of linguistics Contains transcripts, exercises and data for practice Suitable for Bachelor students Third, updated and expanded edition Ludger Hoffmann, Universität Dortmund. 'This is a very well-written book that presents central important issues oflinguistics with excerpts from the classic academic literature. This book isideal for university classes in German linguistics.'Petra-Kristin Bonitz in: Linguist List 22.450
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(2010): Natural interaction with a virtual guide in a virtual environment. In: Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 3 (1-2), S. 141-153. DOI: 10.1007/s12193-009-0024-6
Abstract: This paper describes the Virtual Guide, a multimodal dialogue system represented by an embodied conversational agent that can help users to find their way in a virtual environment, while adapting its affective linguistic style to that of the user. We discuss the modular architecture of the system, and describe the entire loop from multimodal input analysis to multimodal output generation. We also describe how the Virtual Guide detects the level of politeness of the user's utterances in real-time during the dialogue and aligns its own language to that of the user, using different politeness strategies. Finally we report on our first user tests, and discuss some potential extensions to improve the system.
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(2010): Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind : intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. Revised and expanded third edition. New York: McGraw-HillKeywords: Corporate culture, Cultural pluralism, Ethnopsychology, Intercultural communication, Interkulturelle Beziehungen, International cooperation, Kultur, National characteristics, Nationalkultur, Organisation, Organization, Organizational behavior, Research, Social groups, Unternehmenskultur, Verhalten in Organisationen
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(2010): Impoliteness in Germany. Intercultural encounters in everyday and institutional talk. In: Intercultural Pragmatics 7 (4), S. 561-595. DOI: 10.1515/iprg.2010.026
Abstract: In this paper, I first look at how the notions of "politeness" and "impoliteness" have been discussed in the literature including my own ideas of relating universal levels of impoliteness to culture and language-specific levels. Given this framework and my earlier postulation of a set of dimensions along which German speakers were found to prefer expressions that are more direct than indirect, more explicit than implicit, and generally more content-oriented than addressee-oriented, I provide several examples of German speakers interacting with members of other cultures in everyday talk and academic advising sessions. In interpreting the results of the analyses of these interactions, I attempt to relate them to the concept of impoliteness, to German speakers' communicative preferences and to the distinction between an emic and an etic perspective.
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(2010): Commonsense concepts of phenomenal consciousness. Does anyone care about functional zombies?. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9 (1), S. 133-155. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-009-9126-6
Abstract: It would be a mistake to deny commonsense intuitions a role in developing a theory of consciousness. However, philosophers have traditionally failed to probe commonsense in a way that allows these commonsense intuitions to make a robust contribution to a theory of consciousness. In this paper, I report the results of two experiments on purportedly phenomenal states and I argue that many disputes over the philosophical notion of 'phenomenal consciousness' are misguided-they fail to capture the interesting connection between commonsense ascriptions of pain and emotion. With this data in hand, I argue that our capacity to distinguish between 'mere things' and 'subjects of moral concern' rests, to a significant extent, on the sorts of mental states that we take a system to have.
Keywords: Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), mental states, mentale Zustände, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, phenomenal consciousness, philosophical zombie, philosophy of mind, qualia, Reflexionen über MTR, Zur Frage: Schreiben wir Assistenzsystemen mentale Zustände zu? Bzw.: durch simulierte Menschlichkeit/soziale Angemessenheit neige wir eher dazu, mentale Zustände zuzuschreiben -
(2010): The Moral-Conventional Distinction in Mature Moral Competence. In: Journal of Cognition and Culture 10 (1), S. 1-26. DOI: 10.1163/156853710X497149
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853710X497149 Abstract: Developmental psychologists have long argued that the capacity to distinguish moral and conventional transgressions develops across cultures and emerges early in life. Children reliably treat moral transgressions as more wrong, more punishable, independent of structures of authority, and universally applicable. However, previous studies have not yet examined the role of these features in mature moral cognition. Using a battery of adult-appropriate cases (including vehicular and sexual assault, reckless behavior, and violations of etiquette and social contracts) we demonstrate that these features also distinguish moral from conventional transgressions in mature moral cognition. Each hypothesized moral transgressions was treated as strongly and clearly immoral. However, our data suggest that although the majority of hypothesized conventional transgressions also form an obvious cluster, social conventions seem to lie along a continuum that stretches from mere matters of personal preference (e.g., getting tattoos or wearing black shoes with a brown belt) to transgressions that are treated as matters for legitimate social sanction (e.g., violating traffic laws or not paying your taxes). We use these findings to discuss issues of universality, domain-specificity, and the importance of using a well-studied set of moral scenarios to examine clinical populations and the underlying neural architecture of moral cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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IEEE Ro-Man (2010): IEEE RO-MAN, 2010. 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication ; 13-15 Sept. 2010, Viareggio, Italy. 2010 RO-MAN: The 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Viareggio, Italy, 9/13/2010 - 9/15/2010. IEEE Ro-Man; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; Association for Computing Machinery; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction; Hri (2010): 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 2010. 2 - 5 March 2010, Osaka, Japan. 2010 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Osaka, Japan, 3/2/2010 - 3/5/2010. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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(2010) : Social cooperation analysis for multi-user cooperative tasks: 19th International Symposium in Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Viareggio, Italy: IEEE, S. 216-221
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2010.5598623 Abstract: This paper addresses evaluation methods for social cooperation characteristics in cooperative tasks. Using these we found that the ratio of four typical indexes relate to task performance. Most of conventional human-machine systems assumed to assist only a single operator. In such cases, the system should only pay attention to his/her intention or operation characteristics. If there were multiple operators they also included social behaviours affected from others. Such behaviours could not be regarded by the one-on-one assist systems. Since intelligent assist systems are expected to apply in human society, the system requires work among humans. A challenge of our research is to quantify the human social characteristics, especially when relating to cooperation in the task involving multiple operators. In this paper, human social characteristics are quantified in order to evaluate cooperative performance. For the evaluations, ratio indexes by four kinds of behaviours are focused on. One is observation behaviour for other operator's work, which is typical social behaviour in a cooperative task. Second is the ratio of approaching to other robots for physical supporting. Third, total activity by summation of robot motion distance. Then, an index of visibility of robots each other. Finally, correlation between expansion of the index distribution and a task completion time is analyzed. Furthermore advanced assist using the evaluation is discussed.
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(2010) : A code of ethics for robotics engineers: 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 2010: 2 - 5 March 2010, Osaka, Japan: 2010 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Osaka, Japan: 3/2/2010 - 3/5/2010. IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; Association for Computing Machinery; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction; Hri: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 103-104
Abstract: The future of robotics engineering is in the hands of engineers and must be handled to ensure the safety of all people and the reputation of the field. We are in the process of developing a code of ethics for professional robotics engineers to serve as a guideline for the ethical development of the field. This document contains the current version of this code and describes the methodology used in developing it
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(2010): [Regulation of behavior in the period between the world wars: Robert Musil and Kurt Lewin]. In: Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 33 (4), S. 365-381. DOI: 10.1002/bewi.201001485
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21469296 Abstract: The paper attempts to reconstruct the proto-cybernetic concept of regulation which emerged in early 20th century both in biology and psychology, and was critically reflected in literature. The basic premise is that Kurt Lewin's field-theoretical psychology played a crucial role in the development of …
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Iorio, Marco (2010): Regel, Norm, Gesetz. Eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.]: Lang
Keywords: Moral -
(2010) : Reasoning, Moral and Social In: Peterson, Penelope: International encyclopedia of education: 3. ed.: Amsterdam: Elsevier, S. 279-284
Abstract: Significant changes occur from early childhood through adolescence in the ways that individuals engage in social and moral reasoning. Moral reasoning refers to considerations of justice, others' welfare, and rights. Social reasoning includes social-conventional reasoning about customs, conventions, etiquette, as well as psychological reasoning about autonomy, individuality, and personal choice. The historical background of moral and social reasoning is described, including short descriptions of the stage-oriented research by Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg, followed by current domain-specific approach to reasoning, the work of Elliot Turiel, Judith Smetana, Melanie Killen, and Larry Nucci. Current research reveals how children and adolescents evaluate social issues using moral and social reasoning. Furthermore, the cross-cultural findings of research based on current social and moral reasoning have established patterns that are common and different across a wide range of cultures.
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(2010): Perceptions of Swearing in the Work Setting. An Expectancy Violations Theory Perspective. In: Communication Reports 23 (2), S. 106-118. DOI: 10.1080/08934215.2010.511401
Abstract: This study investigates perceptions of swearing from an expectancy violations perspective. Degree of expectancy violation is hypothesized to depend on several communicator, relationship, contextual, and message characteristics. Results support that expectancy violations are related to the formality of the situation in which swearing occurs and the specific swearing phrase. No support is found for swearer’s sex or status as predictors of expectancy violations. Hearer’s degree of surprise perceived is associated with perceptions that the speaker is incompetent. These results support the usefulness of expectancy violations theory as an explanation for perceptions of swearing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: expectancy violations theory, Kommunikation -
(2010): The influence of social intelligence on effective music teaching. In: Journal of Research in Music Education 58 (3), S. 276-293. DOI: 10.1177/0022429410378368
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429410378368 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of social intelligence on effective music teaching. Forty teachers from 'exemplary programs' and 'more challenging programs' across band, chorus, orchestra, and general public school music programs were administered the Interpersonal Perception Task—15 (IPT-15). In addition, 84 external evaluators viewed teaching excerpts of 12 'exemplary' and 'challenged' teachers and rated the (a) overall effectiveness and (b) main attribute that influenced their evaluations of each teaching excerpt. Results indicated no significant differences between the IPT-15 scores of 'exemplary' teachers and 'challenged' teachers. The external evaluators rated teachers identified as 'exemplary' significantly higher than they rated teachers labeled as 'challenged.' The majority of attributes influencing external evaluators’ ratings of overall teacher effectiveness were social, constituting more than 85% of all responses. All teachers who demonstrated effective social skills were perceived as effective teachers. Effective communication skills were the most frequently cited attributes for 'exemplary' teachers, whereas ineffective classroom management was the most listed attribute for why teachers were rated ineffective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2010): Smile When You Read This, Whether You Like It or Not. Conceptual Challenges to Affect Detection. In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 1 (1), S. 38-41. DOI: 10.1109/T-AFFC.2010.6
Abstract: The survey by Calvo and D'Mello presents a useful overview of the progress of and issues in affect detection. They focus on emotion theories that are relevant to Affective Computing (AC) and suggest stronger collaborations between disciplines. My contribution emphasizes the importance of these issues for AC. In fact, empirical research strongly suggests that facial, vocal, and bodily expressions, subjective experience, and physiological changes are often not very highly correlated in spontaneous situations. Overestimating this cohesion limits the usefulness of affect detection methods in real-world applications. Other factors, such as social context, knowledge regarding the goals of certain interactions, as well as interindividual differences are critically important factors for improving affect detection. At times, social concepts, such as politeness, might be more conducive to model realistic behavior. Knowledge on affect perception is important to estimate the level of realism required to create satisfying and productive interactions between users and artificial systems. Interdisciplinary joint research between social and biological scientists on the one hand and computer scientists and engineers on the other is necessary to deal with the complexity of affective processes. All disciplines involved have much to gain in the process.
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(2010): Affective social robots. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 58 (3), S. 322-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2009.09.015
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2010-02610-012&site=ehost-live Abstract: For human–robot interaction to proceed in a smooth, natural manner, robots must adhere to human social norms. One such human convention is the use of expressive moods and emotions as an integral part of social interaction. Such expressions are used to convey messages such as 'I’m happy to see you' or 'I want to be comforted,' and people’s long-term relationships depend heavily on shared emotional experiences. Thus, we have developed an affective model for social robots. This generative model attempts to create natural, human-like affect and includes distinctions between immediate emotional responses, the overall mood of the robot, and long-term attitudes toward each visitor to the robot, with a focus on developing long-term human–robot relationships. This paper presents the general affect model as well as particular details of our implementation of the model on one robot, the Roboceptionist. In addition, we present findings from two studies that demonstrate the model’s potential. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: emotional & Robotik, Social robotic -
(2010): Visual Dominance and Visual Egalitarianism. Individual and Group-Level Influences of Sex and Status in Group Interactions. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 34 (3), S. 137-153. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-010-0088-8
Abstract: This study investigated visual dominance and visual egalitarianism of men and women (N = 94; 17 teams) in team meetings at diverse workplaces. Two novel gaze-related measures were developed: (a) a group visual dominance ratio (group-VDR) assessing each member's visual dominance vis-A -vis all other members, and (b) a gaze distribution index (GDI) assessing each member's visual egalitarianism to all group members. Multilevel analyses were conducted to account for influences of the team members' sex and status on the individual level and for influences of sex and status composition of the teams, and the team leaders' sex on the group level. Results suggested that high-status individuals displayed more visual dominance than low-status individuals. The significant interaction of individuals' sex and status indicated that the positive relationship of status and visual dominance applied particularly to women. The more women in a team, the more visual dominance was displayed. The team leader's sex significantly influenced visual egalitarianism: Gaze distribution was less egalitarian when the team leader was male.
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(2010): The Contextual Endorsement of Sexblind Versus Sexaware Ideologies. In: Social Psychology 41 (3), S. 186-191. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000026
Abstract: Examines the extent to which individuals endorse "sexblind" vs "sexaware" ideologies. Analogous to colorblind and multicultural ideologies, sexblindness involves ignoring sex categorization when perceiving others, and sexawareness involves recognizing and celebrating sex differences. A total of 157 women and 54 men completed measures assessing sexblindness vs sexawareness, their work and social context, their motivation to respond with sexism, and sexism. Results revealed that participants endorsed sexblindness more (and, thus, sexawareness less) in work than in social contexts. Further, sexblindness was correlated with an internal motivation to respond without sexism, suggesting people perceive sexblindness as a way to reduce sexism. Consistent with this view, the more participants endorsed sexblindness in social settings, the less benevolent sexism they harbored. In conclusion, the implications of sexaware and sexblind ideologies and the difference between these ideologies and colorblind and multicultural ideologies are discussed. zitiert von 17
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(2010): Propheten der Finanzmärkte. In: Berliner Journal für Soziologie 20 (2), S. 179-201. DOI: 10.1007/s11609-010-0125-9
Abstract: Financial markets are marked by considerable uncertainty. Actors in financial markets are nevertheless constantly forced to make decisions. This article pursues the question of how they cope with this problem of decision-making. Based on a critical discussion of the concept of "expectations of expectations", Max Weber's concept of charisma is introduced to gain a better understanding of the influence of "stock market prophets" on investment decisions and to explain such influence as a social process.
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(2010): Integration und soziale Teilhabe durch Bildungsprozesse im Alter. In: Psychotherapie im Alter 7 (1), S. 9-23
Abstract: Das Leben in der Postmoderne ist geprägt von Wandel, Tempo und Schnelllebigkeit. Auch Altern findet inmitten von Prozessen der Individualisierung und Detraditionalisierung statt, was ständig neue Anpassungsleistungen erforderlich macht. Menschen sind deshalb dazu gezwungen, ihre Anschlussfähigkeit an Kultur, Ökonomie und ihre Umwelt zu sichern, indem sie ständig weiter lernen, um sich weiterzubilden. Veränderungen in der Gesellschaft und dem Lebensumfeld erfordern auch von Älteren kontinuierliche Lernanstrengungen und die Übernahme von Verantwortung für die eigenen Lebensumstände, zum Beispiel dadurch, dass sie Lebensentwürfe in Frage stellen und neu planen müssen. In dem Sinne trägt Bildung im Alter zur Integration in die Gesellschaft bei, indem sie zur Teilhabe und zur Partizipation am gesellschaftlichen Leben befähigt. Altersbildung hat damit die strategische Schlüsselaufgabe, den kollektiven Alterungsprozess im Sinne einer humanen und mehr Lebensqualität bietenden Entwicklung zu gestalten. Es geht dabei auch um Identitätsbildung und -erneuerung und um die Entwicklung sinnstiftender Rollen und Aufgaben, die ein Leben in sozialer Verbundenheit möglich machen. Die Geragogik weist seit Längerem auf diese zentrale Bedeutung der Altersbildung hin.
Keywords: Gerontologie, Soziale Teilhabe -
(2010): Das Modell der Frame-Selektion. Grundlagen und soziologische Anwendung einer integrativen Handlungstheorie. Inauguraldissertation