Alle Publikationen
2013
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(2013): McGahern, Austen, and the Aesthetics of Good Manners. In: Essays in Criticism 63 (2), S. 203-222. DOI: 10.1093/escrit/cgt007
Abstract: "Now her only interruptions were rare telephone calls – and when her reading brought her face to face with some affection or sharp memory. ‘She had done more than she wanted to, less than she ought.’ She found herself repeating the sentence long after she had closed the book, seeing elements of her own life and people she knew reflected in it, elements of that life seen and given a moral sweetness that was close to smiling." MRS WALDRON in ‘Creatures of the Earth’ is quoting – misquoting, in fact – from chapter 20 of Jane Austen's Emma. Austen was one of the authors whom John McGahern most admired. He had been reading and rereading her novels from an early age,2 and they remained an important part of his literary imagination until the very end of his life. (McGahern brought only one book with him during his final stay in the Mater Hospital in Dublin, where he died in late March 2006, and that book was Mansfield Park.3) Yet the two writers are rarely connected in the minds of his readers, and the possibility that he may have assimilated aspects of her work in writing his own novels and stories has not been pursued in a systematic way by critics.
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(2013): Why follow? The interplay of leader categorization, identification, and feeling respected. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 16 (1), S. 68-86. DOI: 10.1177/1368430212461834
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430212461834 Abstract: Guided by both social cognitive and identity-based perspectives of leadership, the present study investigated how and when the process of leader categorization results in greater leader effectiveness. Specifically, we propose that the relationship between leader categorization and subordinates’ openness toward leadership should be partially mediated by subordinates’ identification with their leaders. Furthermore, seeking to corroborate that the issue of self-esteem is the central ingredient in the identification process, we argue that the mediation should become weaker the more subordinates feel that they are being treated disrespectfully by their leaders, and thus are explicitly undermined in their efforts toward self-enhancement. The proposed mediating effect was tested and supported in two field studies (N 1 = 244, N 2 = 645). In the second study, we also tested and found support for the proposed moderated mediation model. The theoretical and managerial consequences are discussed.
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VDE (2013): Innovative Small Drives and Micro-Motor Systems; 9. GMM/ETG Symposium. Nuremberg, Germany: VDE
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(2013): How social desirability and acquiescence affect the age-personality relationship. In: PSICOTHEMA 25 (3), S. 342-348. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2012.297
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910749 Abstract: BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the age-personality relationship may be partially explained by age-related changes in social desirability. In the present study, we analyze how age affects social desirability and acquiescence, and how they affect the age-personality relationship. METHOD We used a specially designed personality test, which provides response bias and personality dimension scores independently of each other. We applied this test to a sample of 3773 individuals aged between 13 and 97 years old (49.69% female) and analyzed the effects of age, sex, and their interactions on response bias and personality dimensions. RESULTS Age affects social desirability and acquiescence, both of which increase with age, and this increase affects the age-personality relationship, especially for dimensions such as Agreeableness or Conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS The age-related differences found in self-reported personality measures might be partly attributable to age-related increases in response bias. Furthermore, the high scores of elderly people on response bias measures implies that the results of self-reports that do not incorporate any correction for response bias should be viewed with caution, especially when they are obtained in samples of people over 50 years old.
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Wagner, Petra (2013): Handbuch Inklusion. Grundlagen vorurteilsbewusster Bildung und Erziehung. 1. Ausg. der überarb. Neuausg. (3. Gesamtaufl.). Freiburg [u.a.]: Herder
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(2013): Analyzing Communication Interaction Networks (CINs) in enterprises and inferring hierarchies. In: Computer Networks 57 (10), S. 2147-2158. DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2012.11.028
Abstract: With the proliferation of electronic modes of communication (e.g., e-mails, short messages), employees inside an enterprise can form several distinct Communication Interaction Networks, or CINs for short. A CIN is essentially a graph representation of "who talks to whom" among a group of individuals. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of two modern enterprises and focus on three main questions: (Q1) How CINs from the two enterprises look; (Q2) How employees use the different available communication modes within an enterprise; and (Q3) By only using CINs, how much information we can extract regarding the hierarchy in the enterprise. We address these questions using empirical CINs from the Enron Corporation and a communication provider, using information from the exchange of e-mails, phone-calls, and short messages (SMS). For Q1, we reveal the following key structural properties that are shared by all the CINs in our study: they have high edge density, high clustering coefficient, and close to zero assortativity coefficient. For Q2, we observe that employees have differences in how they use the various communication modes. This suggests that different CINs capture different behavioral properties within an enterprise. For Q3, we propose HumanRank, a method of ranking individuals based on their importance (e.g., CEOs having higher rank than ordinary employees) using only the interactions between them. Next, using HumanRank, we introduce an unsupervised and parameter-free algorithm that identifies hierarchies by separating managers from ordinary employees. Our algorithm achieves above 70% accuracy and outperforms the state-of-the-art 123].
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(2013): Grenzen der Moral. Gedanken zur sozialpadagogischen Intervention im Anschluss an Machiavelli. In: Neue Praxis 43 (1), S. 19-37
Abstract: Die Praxis sozialpadagogischen Handelns steht nach Meinung des Autor vor Machiavellis Frage, was wir mehr lieben, die Welt gemeinsamen Handelns mit ihrem Situationspotenzial oder unsere eigene moralische Integritat. Danach entscheidet sich, ob wir das praktische Situationspotenzial mit moralischen Imperativen oder methodischen Konzepten beschneiden und damit versuchen unter unsere Kontrolle zu bringen, oder aber ob wir im Gegenteil dieses Situationspotenzial zur Entfaltung bringen und damit Freiheit ermoglichen. (Autorenreferat)
Keywords: Moral, Pädagogische Psychologie -
(2013): Neural mechanisms underlying social conformity in an ultimatum game. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 7. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00896
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399954 Abstract: When individuals' actions are incongruent with those of the group they belong to, they may change their initial behavior in order to conform to the group norm. This phenomenon is known as "social conformity." In the present study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activity in response to group opinion during an ultimatum game. Results showed that participants changed their choices when these choices conflicted with the normative opinion of the group they were members of, especially in conditions of unfair treatment. The fMRI data revealed that a conflict with group norms activated the brain regions involved in norm violations and behavioral adjustment. Furthermore, in the reject-unfair condition, we observed that a conflict with group norms activated the medial frontal gyrus. These findings contribute to recent research examining neural mechanisms involved in detecting violations of social norms, and provide information regarding the neural representation of conformity behavior in an economic game.
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(2013): Samuel R. Wells's How to behave. The classic pocket manual of good manners & model behavior. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media
Abstract: A modern guide to the timeless rules of good behavior In the years since its publication in the late nineteenth century, How to Behave has taught thousands of men and women how to build a strong, noble character and demonstrate model behavior in any situation. Now, in this updated edition of Samuel R. Wells's classic work, you, too, can manifest the traits and manners characteristic of a simpler era. At the heart of Wells's timeless tips, you'll find that a true lady or gentleman must always have a sincere regard for others, good taste, and an excellent sense of self-command.
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(2013): On the materials of mats. Thinking through design in a Melanesian society. In: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 19 (3), S. 581-599. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9655.12051
Abstract: This article examines the selective use of plant materials in design in Melanesia. It explores - through an analysis of pandanus leaf mats in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea - how makers select fibres on the basis of their capacity to express social relations to varying temporalities before their natural decay. J.J. Gibson's theory of affordance and Donald Norman's concept of mapping are critically applied for this purpose. This approach emphasizes how social and temporal relations are condensed into objects, and refocuses anthropological attention towards materials and their affordances in the production of material culture.
Keywords: Auswahl der Herstellungsmaterialien, Design, Donald Norman's concept of mapping, Entsprechung von Objekt-Lebensdauer und Dauer sozialer Beziehungen, J. J. Gibson's theory of affordance, Lebensdauer von Materialien, Lebensdauer von Objekten in Entsprechung zur Dauer von Beziehungen, Materielle Kultur, unterschiedlich langlebige Pflanzenfasern, Verbindung von social relations und Objekten, Zeit, Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen / Social Interaction -
(2013): ‘Do You Think I’m Stupid?. ’: Urban Encounters between People with and without Intellectual Disability. In: Urban Studies 50 (12), S. 2391-2406. DOI: 10.1177/0042098012474521
Abstract: Being amongst strangers is a definitive aspect of life in the modern city. To understand social inclusion in cities, it is necessary to consider not only the strength and extent of social networks of familiarity, but also the role of interactions with strangers in the public realm. People with intellectual disability are considered one of the most marginalised groups in society and the study applies the concept of encounter to offer a new perspective on their inclusion/exclusion, informed by contemporary urban theory rather than more nostalgic notions of community. The paper discusses encounters between people with and without intellectual disability in one suburb in Melbourne, Australia. The study is based, primarily, on field observations in a variety of settings in the public realm. Through analysis of these data, a typology of urban encounters is proposed that involves people with and without intellectual disability.
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(2013): The Development of the Good Relations Measurement Framework in Britain. A Template for Experiential Social Measurement. In: Social Indicators Research 114 (2), S. 655-686. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-012-0167-9
Abstract: This article explores the development of the Good Relations Measurement Framework (GRMF), the first attempt in Britain to create a framework designed to measure how people experience their lives, specifically in relation to their interactions with each other. It provides a reference point for others seeking to construct social indicator measurement frameworks which capture the experiential in the social policy field. In a wider sense, it provides a case study of the use of social indicators within the policy process in the modern polity. The overall objective of the GRMF is to measure the state of Good Relations in Britain. Seven key areas emerged as being crucial for the development of measurement frameworks during the construction of the GRMF. Firstly, a decision has to be taken about the extent to which social measurement frameworks are confined to measurement only or are to have a normative element. Secondly, a working definition of the subject area is needed early in the process. Thirdly, an element of consultation with the public is important. A fourth issue relates to the practical method of construction through the use of 'long lists' of potential indicators, and finding a balance between an 'ideal' list of potential indicators emerging from public consultation and a second list of existing indicators drawn from existing surveys. A fifth issue relates to the availability of social indicator data at an appropriate geographical level. A sixth issue is that social indicators drawn from different surveys are not always comparable. A final factor is that while quantitative indicators are useful as a tool of social measurement, qualitative research adds a further dimension which is especially important in particular circumstances.
Keywords: Disziplin, Equality and Human Rights Commission, Favoriten, Good Relations, Good Relations Measurement Framework (GRMF), Modelle/Theorien, Policy development, Policy process, Protected characteristics, social field and appropriate, Social measurement, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Volltext auf sciebo -
(2013): Historical and cross-cultural aspects of psychology. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang (Beitrage zur padagogischen und Rehabilitationspsychologie)
Abstract: Wilhelm Wundts Ethik wird aus moralpsychologischer Perspektive reflektiert. Als Ausgangspunkt seiner wissenschaftlichen Analysen wird die Leitidee einer autonomen psychischen Kausalität beschrieben, die in einem willenstheoretischen Ansatz gefasst wird. Auf dieser Grundlage ist eine wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit ausgerichtet auf die Transformation der individuellen und gemeinschaftlichen moralischen Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen zu allgemeingültigen imperativen Normen der Ethik (Sittlichkeit), die insbesondere aus der Völkerpsychologie abgeleitet werden können. Anhand von Grundnormen des Sittlichen wird das Ideal der sittlichen Persönlichkeit beschrieben, wobei das Gewissen als Gradmesser der sittlichen Reife nicht als angeboren, sondern als Produkt lebenslanger Entwicklung von Willensaktivitäten betrachtet wird, das im Dienst an der Gemeinschaft vervollkommnet wird.
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Wirtz, M. A. (2013): Dorsch Lexikon der Psychologie. 16. Bern: Huber
Abstract: Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie ist seit vielen Studierendengenerationen das Standardwerk, das eine umfassende Orientierung über Grundlagen, Konzepte und Begriffe der Psychologie ermöglicht. Das Lexikon der Psychologie wendet sich an Studenten der Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Pädagogik, Wissenschaftler und praktizierende Fachpersonen dieser und verwandter Fächer sowie an interessierte Laien. Der Dorsch bietet insgesamt 12 500 Stichwörter von über 600 Fachautoren aus allen Bereichen der Psychologie, 1200 Topstichwörter für vertieftes Wissen und schnellen Zugang zu allen Fachbereichen. Das Dorsch Lexikon der Psychologie Online, das fortdauernd aktualisiert und erweitert wird, ist über viele Disziplinen hinweg anerkannt und kann in allen wissenschaftlichen Zusammenhängen zitiert werden. Seit 2012 wird der Dorsch von einem Herausgeber sowie 20 herausragenden Gebietsexperten inhaltlich betreut. Sie garantieren umfassendes und gesichertes Wissen auf dem neuesten Stand der Forschung.
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(2013): Shaving and Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Britain. In: Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 36 (2), S. 225-243. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-0208.2012.00530.x
Abstract: How did new technologies inform conceptions of masculinity in Enlightenment Britain? This article explores the practice and material culture of shaving as an expression of polite masculinity. The eighteenth-century masculine ideal was clean-shaven. New types of steel meant sharper and more durable razors, in turn affecting the practice of shaving. Men at this time increasingly began to shave themselves rather than visit a barber. But razor-makers advertised their wares using carefully constructed discourses, linking razors and shaving to a broader male interest in science. Razors were thus simultaneously a product of, and a vector for, Enlightenment ideas.
Keywords: time -
Witruk, Evelin (2013): Historical and cross-cultural aspects of psychology. Frankfurt am Main: Lang (Beiträge zur pädagogischen und Rehabilitationspsychologie)
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(2013): „Links gehen, rechts stehen!. “ / “Walk Left, Stand Right!”. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie 42 (3). DOI: 10.1515/zfsoz-2013-0305
Abstract: Empirical research on the enforcement of norms in everyday life is rare. The norm 'Walk left, stand right!' on escalators in Munich's public transportation system offers a fortunate opportunity to study processes of norm enforcement. In a field experiment we restrained subjects from walking on the left side of the escalator and observed their reaction to this blockade (probability of sanctions, strength of sanctions, and length of time until a sanction occurs). Furthermore, we varied the clothing and gender of the persons blocking the escalator. Both treatments represent a dimension of social status, and both prove to be influential; An elegant outfit reduces the frequency and strength of sanctions and increases the delay before a sanction takes place; women are sanctioned within shorter time, verbally more frequently, and more strenuously, while men provoke more pronounced physical reactions.
Keywords: Normen, Soziologie -
(2013): Whom do children copy?. Model-based biases in social learning. In: Developmental Review 33 (4), S. 341-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2013.08.002
Abstract: This review investigates the presence of young children’s model-based cultural transmission biases in social learning, arguing that such biases are adaptive and flexible. Section 1 offers five propositions regarding the presence and direction of model-based transmission biases in young children’s copying of a model. Section 2 discusses the cognitive abilities required for differing model-based biases and tracks their development in early childhood. Section 3 suggests future areas of research including considering the social aspect of model-based biases and understanding their use within a comparative perspective.
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(2013): Designing and Implementing a Human–Robot Team for Social Interactions. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 43 (4), S. 843-859. DOI: 10.1109/TSMCA.2012.2216870
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2012.2216870 Abstract: This study provides an in-depth analysis and practical solution to the problem of designing and implementing a human-robot team for simple conversational interactions. Models for operation timing, customer satisfaction and customer-robot interaction are presented, based on which a simulation tool is developed to estimate fan-out and robot team performance. Techniques for managing interaction flow and operator task assignment are introduced. In simulation, the effectiveness of different techniques and factors related to team performance are studied. A case study on deploying multiple robots in a shopping mall is then presented to demonstrate the usefulness of our study in helping the design and implementation of social robots in real-world settings.
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(2013): Von der Bedeutung des Glucks. In: TZI Themenzentrierte Interaktion 27 (1), S. 9-18
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von Gluck und die Beziehungen zwischen Gluck und Moral werden aus der Perspektive der themenzentrierten Interaktion (TZI) betrachtet. Nach einer Bestimmung des Glucksbegriffs (episodisch und ubergreifend) werden historische Stationen der Auffassungen uber das Verhaltnis von Gluck und Moral beleuchtet. Als ein wesentliches Element des Glucks wird der Aspekt der Selbstbestimmung verdeutlicht, der im Konflikte zwischen Gluck und Moral (zwischen Selbstachtung und Rucksicht auf die Anspruche und Gefuhle anderer) bedeutsam ist. Anhand der TZI-Konzeption werden Gluck und Moral anschliessend unter dem Vorzeichen eines "Sowohl-als-auch" als dialektische Einheit der Gegensatze reflektiert.
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(2013): Die Kunst und Wissenschaft der Psychotherapie. Orig.-ausg., 1. Aufl.. Bern: Huber
Abstract: Die Gestaltung der psychotherapeutischen Beziehung als Spiegel der Identität in sozialen Beziehungen und die Rolle der Psychotherapie als Element der modernen Gesellschaft werden erörtert. Nach einer Beschreibung zweier möglicher alternativer Modelle von Psychotherapie (als technisches Verfahren oder als heilende Beziehung) werden Auswirkungen von persönlichen Beziehungen zu "significant others" auf die soziale Integration und das individuelle Wohlbefinden beschrieben. Dabei wird insbesondere auf D. Émile Durkheims Sichtweise über die Gesellschaft als unabhängige, primäre Realität, die Notwendigkeit eines Gleichgewichts zwischen dem Kollektiv und dem Einzelnen und die energetisierende Moral der Gemeinschaft eingegangen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird eine therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung beschrieben, die personale Gemeinschaft und Solidarität ermöglicht und damit die Voraussetzung für eine aktive Bewältigung schafft. zitiert von 4
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(2013) : Wertschätzung im Betrieb: Weshalb sie oft vermisst wird und mögliche Beiträge zu ihrem Zustandekommen In: Schweitzer, Jochen: Systemisches Demografiemanagement: Wie kommt Neues zum Älterwerden ins Unternehmen?: [s.l.]: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, S. 87-104
Abstract: Ausgehend von der Feststellung, dass einerseits Wertschätzung häufig als wichtiger Aspekt der Mitarbeiterführung angesehen wird und dass andererseits fast noch häufiger vom Fehlen dieser Wertschätzung berichtet wird, wird der Frage nach den Gründen für dieses "Wertschätzungsparadox" nachgegangen, und es wird erörtert, wie Führungskräfte und Berater in Unternehmen damit umgehen können. Basierend auf Interviews und Gruppendiskussionen wird zunächst erkundet, was Mitarbeiter in Unternehmen überhaupt als Wertschätzung empfinden ("Woran würden Sie merken, dass Sie wertgeschätzt werden?"). Hier werden die individuellen Erwartungen der Organisationsmitglieder offengelegt. In der Konfrontation mit Gedanken aus N. Luhmanns Organisationstheorie wird ersichtlich, an welcher Stelle Konflikte entstehen und Enttäuschungen vorprogrammiert sind. Daraus lassen sich unmittelbar Konsequenzen für die organisationale Praxis ableiten. Die zweite Perspektive analysiert die kommunikativen Folgen des proklamierten Wertschätzungsdefizits. Gerade für das Coaching von Führungskräften, Teamberatungen und Supervisionsaufträge wird diese Perspektive für bedeutsam erachtet. zitiert von 4
2012
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2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) (2012). 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob). Rome, Italy: IEEE
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2012 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2012). Boston, MA: IEEE
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2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (2012). Paris, France: IEEE