Alle Publikationen
1969
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(1969): Personal space: The behavioral basis of design. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall
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(1969): Menschliche Kommunikation. Formen, Störungen, Paradoxien.. Bern: HuberKeywords: Kommunikation, Psychologie
1968
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Bach, Emmon W.; Harms, Robert T. (Hg.) (1968): Universals in linguistic theory. Symposium. London: Holt Rinehart & Winston
Keywords: Sprachliche Universalien -
(1968): Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ.
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(1968): The effectiveness of social reinforcement as a function of changes in rate of reinforcement. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 4 (2), S. 123-142. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(68)90037-1
Abstract: One hundred and twenty subjects were divided into two groups, receiving either 100% or 33% reinforcement for the emission of the “correct” emotional-labeling response during an acquisition phase of 60 trials. This phase was followed by 60 trials during which conditions of none, or low change, moderate change, and substantial change from the base-line rates were established, thereby giving us three positive-discrepancy groups and three negative-discrepancy groups of 20 subjects each. Changes in the effectiveness of social reinforcement were assessed by comparing, through the use of difference scores, the average number of correct responses made during the last two blocks of the shift phase with the average number of correct responses made during the last two blocks of the acquisition series. As hypothesized, a significant interaction between the initial rate of reinforcement and amount of change was obtained. A negatively accelerated linear trend was found for the 100% groups and a quadratic trend peaking at the moderate-change level for the 33% groups. These results were interpreted as indicating the importance of direction as well as of the magnitude of change. Contrary to a second hypothesis, positivity of subjects' mood changes was significantly affected only by magnitude of change. It was also found that subjects who valued the experimenter's approval and who encountered a substantial decrement in rate of approval were more likely to be resistant to extinction and to volunteer for an unpleasant experiment than were their counterparts who received a substantial increase in rate of approval. These reactions were taken as supporting the notion, derived from the senior author's SRS model, that subjects may use ingratiation tacties to reduce disparities between current and past levels of reinforcement. zitiert von 9
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Buckley, Walter (1968): Modern Systems Research for the Behavior Scientist. A Sourcebook. Chicago: Aldine
Keywords: Schematheorie -
(1968) : Self-regulation of the body In: Buckley, Walter: Modern Systems Research for the Behavior Scientist: A Sourcebook: Chicago: Aldine, S. 256-258Keywords: Schematheorie
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(1968) : The Case for Case In: Bach, Emmon W.; Harms, Robert T. (Hg.): Universals in linguistic theory: London: Holt Rinehart & Winston, S. 1-88
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(1968): Kritik der reinen Vernunft. 2. Auflage 1787. Unveränd. photomechan. Abdr. von Kants Werken, Berlin, 1904/11, Bd. 3. Berlin: De Gruyter
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(1968): The Etiquette of Bargaining in the Middle East. In: American Anthropologist 70 (4), S. 698-706. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1968.70.4.02a00020
Abstract: Bargaining takes place in free markets, as in the sûqs of the Middle East, where prices fluctuate and where the buyers and sellers meet with opposed economic interests. It brings order to such markets by enabling the buyer and the seller to develop lasting economic relationships between them, based on mutual trust. Should the bargaining partners, buyer or seller, fail to establish such trust by the use of culturally determined polite formulas, conflict between them arises and no transaction takes place.
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(1968): The effects of different reinforcement contingencies in the development of social cooperation. In: Journal of experimental child psychology 6 (3), S. 402-426. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0965(68)90122-7
Abstract: In a series of five experiments, several reinforcement contingencies were evaluated as to their relative effectiveness in establishing and maintaining a behavioral pattern of social cooperation. Children, ranging from 5 to 10 years of age, were divided into six three-member groups. The data indicate that the highest group response rate is produced when positive reinforcement is provided to each of the group members, contingent upon the cooperative act, provided there is some form of individual feedback for appropriate individual responses. This particular reinforcement contingency, besides producing the highest group response rate, also resulted in the emergence of separate behavior patterns or roles for the members comprising each of the groups. zitiert von 48
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(1968): The naked ape: A zoologist's study of the human animal. New York: McGraw-Hill
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(1968): Social sanctions. In: Anthropologica 10 (2), S. 261-285. DOI: 10.2307/25604779
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25604779 Abstract: The system of rewards and punishments which act to insure compliance to societal norms are termed sanctions. Sanctions may take the form of naturally occurring consequences, propaganda, or society-produced consequences. Whether or not the behavior occurs, however, is a function of the expectation of the sanction. A set of rules for interpreting when a happening constitutes the sanction for a man must also be operating to insure behavioral conformance to the norm. A system of classification for social sanctions is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: sanctions, Verhaltensforschung 1967
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(1967): The experience & judgment of values. In: The Journal of Value Inquiry 1 (1), S. 24-37
Abstract: The Experience & Judgment of Values 25 we can attain factual knowledge and the subject- matter of normative reference. Facts deal with the so-called objective world of external objects and events which we can observe in common, and about which we can discourse and formulate verifiable statements. Values, on the other hand, are quite a different matter. They concern a region beyond the range of scientific scrutiny, the realm of the noumenal, or they derive from intangible, incommunicable subjectivity. Whatever their locus, values elude all attempts at proving and establishing them as a body of knowledge to which we must assent on the same logical grounds as we assent to factual statements. I should like to take issue with the assumption underlying this position, the presumption that those situations that involve considerations of value differ sharply from those that are concerned with factual …
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(1967): A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill (McGraw-Hill series in management)Keywords: Psychologie
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(1967): Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall
Abstract: Studies in Ethnomethodology has inspired a wide range of important theoretical and empirical work in the social sciences and linguistics. It is one of the most original and controversial works in modern social science and it remains at the centre of debate about the current trends and tasks of sociology and social theory. Ethnomethodology - the study of the ways in which ordinary people construct a stable social world through everyday utterances and actions - is now a major component of all sociology and linguistics courses. Garfinkel's formidable reputation as one of the worlds leading sociologists rest largely on the work contained in this book.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(1967): Interaction ritual; essays on face-to-face behavior. Garden City, NY: Doubleday
Abstract: In a brilliant series of books about social behavior, including The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Asylums, and Stigma, Erving Goffman has exposed all that is at stake when people meet face to face. Goffman’s work, once of the great intellectual achievements of our time, is an endlessly fascinating commentary on how we enact ourselves by our responses to and our readings of other people. From the exemplary opening essay of Interaction Ritual, “On Face-Work,” —a full account of the extraordinary repertoire of maneuvers we employ in social encounters in order to “save face”—to the final, and classic, essay “Where the Action Is,”—an examination of people in risky occupations and situations: gamblers, criminals, coal miners, stock speculators—Goffman astounds us with the unexpected richness and complexity of brief encounters between people. For Goffman, as for Freud, the extreme cases are of interest because of the light they shed on the normal: The study of the trapeze artist is worthwhile because each of us is on the wire from time to time.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(1967): System der Sittlichkeit. Nachdruck der Lasson-Ausgabe. Hamburg: Meiner
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(1967): On Aggression. London: Methuen
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(1967): Digital critical edition of the complete works and letters. based on the critical text by G. Colli und M. Montinari. Berlin/New York: De GruyterKeywords: Philosophie
1966
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(1966): The Polite Americans. A Wide-Angle View of Our More Or Less Good Manners Over 300 Years. In: The Journal of American History 53 (3). DOI: 10.2307/1887576
Abstract: [book review]
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(1966): The Polite Americans. A Wide-Angle View of Our More or Less Good Manners Over 300 Years. In: The American Historical Review 72 (1). DOI: 10.2307/1848346
Abstract: [book review]
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(1966): The social construction of reality. A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Doubleday
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(1966): The Hidden Dimension. Garden City, NY: Doubleday
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(1966): Rationality and Social Value in Game-Theoretical Analyses. In: Ethics 76 (3), S. 215-220. DOI: 10.1086/291588