Alle Publikationen
2002
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Hammer, Espen (2002): Die Unheimlichkeit des Gewöhnlichen und andere philosophische Essays. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer
Abstract: "Stanley Cavell zählt zu den großen Geistern des 20. Jahrhunderts (und wir können nun hinzufügen: des frühen 21. Jahrhunderts), aber er hat keine Bewegungen gegründet, keine Schlagworte gemünzt und nicht mit "Ismen" gehandelt. Wie Kierkegaard, Thoreau oder Wittgenstein ist es eher ein AUtor, der stets zu Individuen spricht - und das heißt zu jeweils einem Individuum." (Aus dem Nachwort von Hilary Putnam)
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(2002): Anthropology, Social Theory, and Politics. Axel Honneth's Theory of Recognition. In: Inquiry 45 (4), S. 433-446. DOI: 10.1080/002017402320947531
Abstract: This article presents and discusses. Axel Honneth's theory of recognition as a specific constellation, i.e. as a theoretical endeavour spanning over and interrelating positions in the fields of anthropology, social theory, and politics. As essential components in this constellation I discern an anthropology of recognition, a social philosophy of different forms of recognition, a morality of recognition, a theory of democratic ethical life as a social ideal, and a notion of political democracy as an ambitious reflexive form of social cooperation. A tentative attempt is also made to elucidate the motivational history that underlies and animates Honneth's theoretical endeavour and accounts for its specific `spirit'.
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(2002): What do you think is ?. Fair?? Effects of ingroup norms and outcome control on fairness judgments. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 32 (3), S. 327-341. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.92
Abstract: Conducted 2 studies investigating the effects of descriptive ingroup norms and interdependence structure on fairness judgments in dyadic exchange situations. A total of 143 university students participated. A minimal group categorization paradigm was employed in both studies, varying both descriptive ingroup norms and interdependence structure of the exchange situation. Fairness judgments were measured according to a decomposed mixed-motive game. The combined results of both studies indicated that fairness judgments were influenced by ingroup norms under conditions of effective interaction between subjects (i. e., partners influenced interaction outcomes). No such effects were observed for interactions in which partners could not influence outcomes for each other. Overall, the findings show that individuals tend to adapt their fairness judgments to the anticipated behavior of interaction partners, thus achieving a state of general equality while simultaneously adhering to principles of reciprocity.
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(2002): Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values Orientation Theory. In: Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 4 (4). DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1040
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9: 707/2307-0919.1040 Abstract: People's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's (1961) Values Orientation Theory proposes that all human societies must answer a limited number of universal problems, that the value-based solutions are limited in number and universally known, but that different cultures have different preferences among them. Suggested questions include humans' relations with time, nature and each other, as well as basic human motives and the nature of human nature. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck suggested alternate answers to all five, developed culture-specific measures of each, and described the value orientation profiles of five SW USA cultural groups. Their theory has since been tested in many other cultures, and used to help negotiating ethnic groups understand one another, and to examine the inter-generational value changes caused by migration. Other theories of universal values (Rokeach, Hofstede, Schwartz) have produced value concepts sufficiently similar to suggest that a truly universal set of human values does exist and that cross-cultural psychologists are close to discovering what they are.
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(2002): Cross-cultural management. A knowledge management perspective. Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall
Abstract: Advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in international business, international management and cross-cultural management, and all concerned with the transfer of knowledge in the global economy. It will also be a valuable source of concepts and ideas to cross-cultural trainers and to various categories of practitioners within knowledge management and international human resource management. This book forges a break with the concept of culture that has dominated management thinking, education, and research for several decades. Culture, rather than being presented as a source of difference and antagonism, is presented as a form of organisational knowledge that can be converted into a resource for underpinning core competence. This perspective based on extensive research into the operations of four major international corporations, challenges traditional thinking by contending that cross-cultural management is a form of knowledge management. Key to this text are the four global case companies contrasting experiences, presented as insightful case studies about rarely observed aspects of firms cross-cultural communication behaviour.
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(2002): Language as social action: Social psychology and language use. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
Abstract: This book is an interdisciplinary review and synthesis of the social psychological aspects of language use. The text weaves together research from philosophy, linguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, pragmatics, and artificial intelligence to provide an integrative and timely review of language as social action. In this way the volume demonstrates clearly how many aspects of social life are mediated by language, and how understanding language use requires an understanding of its social dimension. This volume should serve as a valuable resource for students and researchers in social psychology and communication who want a clear and thorough presentation of the linguistic underpinnings of language use. Although this book is relevant for a variety of disciplines, it is written in a clear and straightforward style that will be accessible for readers regardless of their orientation. Topics covered include speech act theory and indirect speech acts, politeness and the interpersonal determinants of language, language and impression management and person perception, conversational structure, perspective taking, and language and social thought. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2002): Grounding Recognition. A Rejoinder to Critical Questions. In: Inquiry 45 (4), S. 499-519. DOI: 10.1080/002017402320947577Keywords: Anerkennung, Anerkennung und soziale Konflikte/Transzendentaler Status von Anerkennung (Honneth), Disziplin, Erwiderung, Favoriten, Honneth, Honneth und aktuelle Kritische Theorie, Konstitutionen des Selbst (Anerkennung), Modelle/Theorien, Philosophie, RECOGNITION, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie
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(2002): Christian Kassung, EntropieGeschichten. Robert Musils „Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften“ im Diskurs der modernen Physik. 2001. In: Arbitrium 19 (3). DOI: 10.1515/arbi.2001.348
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(2002) : Der erlaubte und der geforderte Schein. Aporien der Höflichkeitskonzepte bei Immanuel Kant und Rudolph von Jhering In: Felderer, Brigitte; Macho, Thomas (Hg.): Höflichkeit: Aktualität und Genese von Umgangsformen: München: Fink, S. 141-154
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(2002): On the Genus and Species of Recognition. In: Inquiry 45 (4), S. 447-462. DOI: 10.1080/002017402320947540
Abstract: This article makes several conceptual proposals for a closer analysis of recognition more or less in line with Axel Honneth's account of recognition: (1) a proposal as to the genus of recognitional attitude and recognition, (2) a sketch of an analytical scheme intended to be heuristically useful for analysing the different species of recognitional attitude and recognition, (3) some proposals as to the precise contents of self-conceptions involved in each species and subspecies of recognition, and (4) suggestions as to the relation of the species of recognitional attitude to social settings and concrete personal relationships as well as to the totalities of attitudes instantiated in these settings and relationships. A guiding idea is that the somewhat mechanistic Meadian vocabulary of 'urges' and `internalizations' of Honneth's original formulations should be replaced with formulations where recognition is consistently conceptualized as consisting of attitudes with propositional or judgmental content.
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(2002): Testing the investment model of relationship commitment and stability in a longitudinal study of married couples. In: Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues 20 (4), S. 312-326. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-001-1014-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-001-1014-3 Abstract: Tested C. E. Rusbult's (1980, 1983) investment model of relationship commitment and stability using data from both partners of 3,627 married couples (husbands aged 17-79 yrs, wives aged 17-77 yrs). As predicted, spouses' satisfaction, investments, and quality of alternatives were unique predictors of their commitment to the marital relationship. Additionally, commitment assessed at the initial testing predicted marital termination or stability 18 mo later. Multiple-group path analyses showed that the investment model provided an adequate fit to the data and that the associations among variables were similar for husbands and wives. Limitations of the model as well as directions for future research are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2002): Eine andere Stimme?. Universalien oder geschlechtsspezifische Differenzen in der Moral. Heidelberg: Asanger (Reihe Forschung)
Abstract: Empirische Untersuchungsbefunde zur Frage geschlechtstypischer Unterschiede in der moralischen Entwicklung werden vorgelegt. Den Hintergrund bildet die Kontroverse zwischen dem strukturgenetischen, universalistischen Ansatz zur Moralentwicklung von Lawrence Kohlberg und dem geschlechtsspezifischen Ansatz von Carol Gilligan, nach dem Frauen mit der Fürsorgemoral ("care") über eine auf den Nahbereich ausgerichtete "andere Stimme" verfügen als Männer mit der auf die Gesellschaft ausgerichteten Gerechtigkeitsmoral ("justice"). Mit 44 Frauen und 44 Männern im Alter von 21 bis 56 Jahren aus West-Berlin und Leipzig wurden Interviews zu vier Dilemma-Geschichten (Partnerschafts-, See-, Fabrik- und Sterbehilfe-Dilemma) geführt. Inhaltsanalytische Auswertungen der Interviews weisen darauf, das Gilligans These einer weiblichen Fürsorgemoral nicht haltbar ist. Die Befunddarstellung erfolgt getrennt für die vier Dilemma-Geschichten und ist an zahlreichen Interviewausschnitten ausgerichtet. zitiert von: 3
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(2002): Soziale Kompetenz - Definition, Strukturen und Prozesse. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 210 (4), S. 154-163. DOI: 10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.210.4.154 Abstract: Social competence is a prominent object of psychological research since many years. We discuss the basics of this research. First, we differentiate between social competence and social competent behavior, describe the natur of social competence and define it in contrast to related concepts like social intelligence. Second, we elaborate the structure of social competence which can be seen as a mix of single competencies. Third, a modell is presented, which describes the prosess from competence to competent behavior. Beside this we discuss research problems as well as research questions for the future.
Keywords: Begriffe, competence, Concepts, definition & differentiation & structure & model of genesis of socially competent behavior, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, Kompetenz, Psychological Terminology, Psychologische Terminologie, Modelle, MODELS, Social Behavior, social competence & socially competent behavior, Social intelligence, social psychology, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, topics for future research -
(2002): Are indigenous personality dimensions culture specific?. Philippine inventories and the five-factor model. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 82 (1), S. 89-101. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.89
Abstract: The authors addressed the culture specificity of indigenous personality constructs, the generalizability of the 5-factor model (FFM), and the incremental validity of indigenous measures in a collectivistic culture. Filipino college students (N = 508) completed 3 indigenous inventories and the Filipino version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). On the basis of the factor and regression analyses, they concluded that (a) most Philippine dimensions are well encompassed by the FFM and thus may not be very culture specifics (b) a few indigenous constructs are less well accounted for by the FFM; these constructs are not unknown in Western cultures. but they may be particularly salient or composed somewhat differently in the Philippines: (c) the structure of the NEO-PI-R FFM replicates well in the Philippines and (d) Philippine inventories add modest incremental validity beyond the FFM in predicting selected culture-relevant criteria.
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(2002): Reason, Recognition, and Internal Critique. In: Inquiry 45 (4), S. 479-498. DOI: 10.1080/002017402320947568
Abstract: Normative political philosophy always refers to a standard against which a society's institutions are judged. In the first, analytical part of the article, the different possible forms of normative criticism are examined according to whether the standards it appeals to are external or internal to the society in question. In the tradition of Socrates and Hegel, it is argued that reconstructing the kind of norms that are implicit in practices enables a critique that does not force the critic's particular views on the addressee and can also be motivationally effective. In the second part of the article, Axel Honneth's theory of recognition is examined as a form of such reconstructive internal critique. It is argued that while the implicit norms of recognition made explicit in Honneth's philosophical anthropology help explain progressive social struggles as moral ones, his theory faces two challenges in justifying internal critique. The Priority Challenge asks for the reasons why the implicit norms of recognition should be taken as the standard against which other implicit and explicit norms are to be judged. The Application Challenge asks why a social group should, by its own lights, extend equal recognition to all its members and even non-members. The kind of functional, prudential, conceptual, and moral considerations that could serve to answer these challenges are sketched.
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(2002): Psychology and ethics. Interactions and conflicts. In: Philosophical Psychology 15 (4), S. 489-508. DOI: 10.1080/0951508021000042030
Abstract: The relationship between psychology and ethics is determined by whether psychology is conceptualized as a natural or a human science. If the former, then psychology is incapable of identifying universal moral imperatives because of the fact/value dichotomy that rejects the possibility of logically deriving moral principles or social policies from factual statements. In addition, the inevitability of moral pluralism raises the question as to how natural science methodology can select moral truths or social policies from a variety of presumed alternatives. In contrast, human science psychology, which emphasizes phenomenological experience as a source of psychological truths, has attempted to bridge the fact/value gap. Upon close examination, this approach has failed to suggest a rule as to how the "correct" set of values can be identified. The conclusion is that facts cannot dictate moral principles or social policies but they can help illuminate their consequences. Policy decisions become the responsibility of a democratic society, not of psychology.
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(2002): Biology, culture, and child rearing. The development of social motives
Abstract: Presents a theoretical model of the interaction of culture and biology in the development of social motives. Initially, results of a cross-cultural longitudinal study on the development of aggression and altruism in European and Asian children are presented: Mothers' child-rearing techniques correlated with children's aggressiveness and children's motives nine years later, children' motives were different across cultures, and culture-specific mother-child relationships were related to children's later social motives. Furthermore, the role of the cultural context in which child rearing is embedded is described by contrasting cultural norms, beliefs, and behaviors in Germany and Japan, including tradition, naive personality theories, value systems, self-concept, religion, seniority, and teachers' authority. Additionally, the role of biological factors in the development of social motives is discussed, including heritability, neuroanatomy, and chemical factors. Finally, cultural and biological factors are integrated in a model of social motive development, which assumes a decisive role of the attachment process between mother and child. Thus, motives are described as behavioral systems with a strong interconnection between culture and biology. zitiert von 23
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(2002): Teachers' implicit theories, self-efficacy, professional experience, and willingness to consult on academic and behavioral problems. In: Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences 62 (7-A)
Abstract: The present study examined the relationship among teacher variables and made predictions regarding teachers' willingness to consult with a school psychologist based on these variables. Specifically, teachers' implicit theories of intelligence, personal teaching efficacy, and professional experience were examined as predictors of teachers' willingness to consult with a psychologist regarding a student's academic problems. Also, teachers' implicit theories of classroom decorum, personal teaching efficacy, and professional experience were examined as predictors of teachers' willingness to consult with a psychologist regarding a student's behavioral problems. Pilot study I developed a new instrument measuring teachers' implicit theories of students' classroom decorum. The Nature of Classroom Decorum Questionnaire possessed moderate reliability and sufficient psychometric properties for use in the larger study. Pilot study II entailed the drafting and selection of scenarios. Teachers identified problems in these scenarios as either academic or behavioral in nature, and possessing enough magnitude to be considered for consultation with a psychologist. This measured teachers' willingness to consult with a psychologist. The method demonstrated low reliability for gauging willingness to consult on an academic problem, and moderate reliability when measuring willingness to consult on a behavioral problem. Multivariate procedures were conducted using two similarly configured path analyses. Teacher variables (work experience, implicit theories of intelligence classroom decorum, and personal teaching efficacy) were constellated in order to predict teachers' willingness to consult with a psychologist on a student's (a) academic problems, and (b) behavioral problems. The general study supported a previous finding that teachers were more likely to view student intelligence from the perspective of an incremental theorist the longer they worked in teaching. Teachers' professional experience was positively related to a greater sense of personal teaching efficacy, a finding also previously reported. Only personal teaching efficacy effectively predicted teachers' willingness to consult with a psychologist regarding a student's behavioral problems. No evidence supported the hypothesis that the implicit theories construct subsumed the teacher efficacy construct among the study's respondents. Implicit theories research methodology was critiqued. Teachers may be inclined toward conditional belief systems, rather than possessing categorical viewpoints of student potential. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Kron, Thomas (2002): Luhmann modelliert. Sozionische Ansätze zur Simulation von Kommunikationssystemen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Abstract: Die Theorie sozialer Systeme von Niklas Luhmann genießt in der Wissensgemeinschaft ungebrochene Popularität weit über die Grenzen der Soziologie hinaus. Doch trotz deren anhaltender Faszinationskraft wurde die Frage der Modellierung dieser soziologischen Theorie bislang vernachlässigt. In diesem Sammelband treffen Soziologen und Informatiker erstmals in einem interdisziplinären Projekt aufeinander, um die Theorie sozialer Systeme von Niklas Luhmann u.a. mit Hilfe von Simulationen zu modellieren. Der Sammelband zeigt, welche Modellierungsmöglichkeiten realisierbar erscheinen. Die Besonderheit liegt dabei im methodischen Vorgehen: Erstmals wird die Modellierung der Theorie sozialer Systeme systematisch im interdisziplinären Kontext von Soziologie und Informatik - sozionisch - aufgegriffen und durchgeführt.
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(2002): Mobile robot programming using natural language. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 38 (3-4), S. 171-181. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8890(02)00166-5
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(2002): Interkulturelle Psychologie als kulturreflexive Sozialpsychologie - Theoretische Grundzuge und methodologische Konsequenzen
Abstract: Die Interkulturelle Psychologie wird als kulturreflexive Sozialpsychologie konzeptualisiert. Dabei wird zunachst der Versuch unternommen, die Interkulturelle Psychologie theoretisch und methodologisch in eindeutiger Weise im Kontext psychologischer Forschung zu positionieren und insbesondere von der Kulturvergleichenden Psychologie und der Kulturpsychologie zu unterscheiden, mit denen sie oftmals falschlicherweise gleichgesetzt wird. Dies fuhrt zu dem Schluss, dass die Interkulturelle Psychologie als Wissenschaft vom sozialen Handeln in kulturellen Kontexten zu konzipieren ist, und somit als eine Form der Sozialpsychologie, der im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Sozialpsychologie ein differenziertes Handlungs- und Kulturkonzept zugrunde liegt. Theoretische Bausteine einer solchermassen kulturreflexiven Sozialpsychologie und Wege zu deren empirischer Erforschung werden diskutiert. zitiert von 3
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(2002): Collision warning timing, driver distraction, and driver response to imminent rear-end collisions in a high-fidelity driving simulator. In: Human factors 44 (2), S. 314-334. DOI: 10.1518/0018720024497844
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12452276 Abstract: Rear-end collisions account for almost 30% of automotive crashes. Rear-end collision avoidance systems (RECASs) may offer a promising approach to help drivers avoid these crashes. Two experiments performed using a high-fidelity motion-based driving simulator examined driver responses to evaluate the efficacy of a RECAS. The first experiment showed that early warnings helped distracted drivers react more quickly--and thereby avoid more collisions--than did late warnings or no warnings. Compared with the no-warning condition, an early RECAS warning reduced the number of collisions by 80.7%. Assuming collision severity is proportional to kinetic energy, the early warning reduced collision severity by 96.5%. In contrast, the late warning reduced collisions by 50.0% and the corresponding severity by 87.5%. The second experiment showed that RECAS benefits even undistracted drivers. Analysis of the braking process showed that warnings provide a potential safety benefit by reducing the time required for drivers to release the accelerator. Warnings do not, however, speed application of the brake, increase maximum deceleration, or affect mean deceleration. These results provide the basis for a computational model of driver performance that was used to extrapolate the findings and identify the most promising parameter settings. Potential applications of these results include methods for evaluating collision warning systems, algorithm design guidance, and driver performance model input.
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(2002) : Schein zivilisiert In: Felderer, Brigitte; Macho, Thomas (Hg.): Höflichkeit: Aktualität und Genese von Umgangsformen: München: Fink, S. 155-173
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(2002) : Rituale in Organisationen In: Welter-Enderlin, Rosmarie: Rituale - Vielfalt in Alltag und Therapie: 1. Aufl.: Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-Systeme-Verl., S. 184-210
Abstract: Diskutiert wird über den Stellenwert und die Notwendigkeit von Ritualen in Organisationen, wobei Rituale als eine besondere Form der symbolischen Kommunikation verstanden werden. Reflexionen der eigenen Haltung gegenüber Ritualen werden durch die Betrachtung von deren geschichtlicher Bedeutung ergänzt. Die nachfolgenden theoretischen Ausführungen knüpfen an die Ritualtheorie von Mary Douglas sowie die Konzeption elaborierter und restringierter Sprachcodes von Basil Bernstein an. Organisationen werden demnach als eigenständige Kulturen mit unterschiedlichen Dimensionen sozialer Wirklichkeit beschrieben, welche unterschiedlichen internen und externen kommunikativen Anforderungen ausgesetzt sind und sich der Rituale unter anderem aus Gründen der Komplexitätsreduktion bedienen. Abschließend werden einige praxisbezogene Überlegungen zum Einsatz von Ritualen in Supervision und Organisationsberatung angestellt und an Beispielfällen illustriert.
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(2002): Evaluation of a social competence training for children in a single-subject design. In: PSYCHOLOGIE IN ERZIEHUNG UND UNTERRICHT 49 (2), S. 121-132
Abstract: In this study a cognitive-behavioral training of social competence with children is presented and empirically evaluated. Involved were three 12-year-old children with externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Basis of evaluation was a controlled single-subject design, including different criteria of effectiveness which refer both to observed behavior (parents, teacher) and children's personal appraisal. According to parental, teacher and self-ratings, children's social skills improved significantly in individually varying areas of social competence. Appropriate methodological standards of evaluation based on single-subject designs a-re discussed.