Alle Publikationen
1990
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(1990): Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. In: Journal of Pragmatics 14 (2), S. 237-257. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(90)90082-O
Abstract: This paper presents an account of politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. The modern conception of politeness as well as its historical origin are discussed. A critical comparison is made between western notions of face and politeness and their Chinese counterparts. Four politeness maxims are formulated and illustrated. The relation between politeness on the one hand, and language and conversation on the other, is also discussed.
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(1990): Theorie der Gesellschaft oder Sozialtechnologie - was leistet die Systemforschung?. 10. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Theorie-Diskussion)
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(1990): Understanding cultural differences. Germans, French and Americans. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press
Abstract: Human resource management, at home and abroad, means assisting the corporation's most valuable asset-its people-to function effectively. Edward T. and Mildred Reed Hall contribute to this effort by explaining the cultural context in which corporations in Germany, France, and the United States operate and how this contributes to misunderstandings between business personnel from each country. Then they offer new insights and practical advice on how to manage day-to-day transactions in the international business arena. Understanding Cultural Differences echoes and elaborates on Edward T. Hall's classic studies in intercultural relations, The Silent Language and The Hidden Dimension. It is a valuable guide for business executives from the three countries and a model of cross-cultural analysi
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(1990): The silent language. [Nachdr.]. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday (Anchor books)
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(1990): Die Wahrnehmung der Organismen. Über die Voraussetzungen einer naturalistischen Theorie der Erfahrung in der Metaphysik Whiteheads. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
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Hudson, Judith; Fivush, Robyn (Hg.) (1990): Emory symposia in cognition. Vol. 3 Knowing and remembering in young children. New York: Cambridge University Press
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(1990) : The emergence of autobiographical memory in mother-child conversation In: Hudson, Judith; Fivush, Robyn (Hg.): Emory symposia in cognition: Vol. 3 Knowing and remembering in young children: New York: Cambridge University Press, S. 166-196
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(1990): Linguistic Politeness: Current Research Issues. In: Journal of Pragmatics 14 (2), S. 193-218. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(90)90080-W
Abstract: The paper reviews a substantial part of the research on linguistic politeness, with the objective to evaluate current politeness theories and to outline directions for future politeness studies. The topics addressed comprise (1) the distinction of politeness as strategic conflict avoidance and social indexing; (2) the linguistic enactment of politeness; (3) social and psychological factors determining politeness forms and functions; (4) the impact of discourse type on politeness; (5) the counterpart to politeness, i.e. rudeness. Furthermore, the paper provides an introduction to the remaining contributions to this Special Issue.
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(1990): Training of professional social competence in undergraduate training in paedostomatology. In: SBORNIK LEKARSKY 92 (8-9), S. 282-286
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(1990) : Social Intelligence, Social Competence, and Interpersonal Competence In: Bray, Norman W.: International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 16: Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press, S. 125-160
Abstract: This chapter reviews the literature relating to the investigation of socially based competencies, including social intelligence and social and interpersonal competence. The chapter describes Greenspan's models of social intelligence and personal competence with an awareness of how they relate to existing research. It also reviews the research, which considers the implications of Greenspan's models for the definition and diagnosis of mental retardation. That the measures of interpersonal competence combine with adaptive behavior to form a single construct suggests that the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition of mental retardation may be interpreting the social criterion used in the diagnosis of mental retardation too narrowly. Instead, it may be more appropriate to consider not only the skills that are prerequisites to independent living, but also the subtle interpersonal skills, which may ultimately determine the quality of interactions among people. If substantiated by replication and additional refinements, this view will tie the definition of mental retardation to E. L. Thorndike's classic model of intelligence by providing a clearer differentiation between social and academic intelligence.
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(1990): Veränderungen im moralischen Urteil und Sanktionsverlangen der Bundesbürger seit 1970 : Eine empirische Bestandsaufnahme. In: Kriminologisches Journal (22), S. 284-297
Abstract: Die Hypothese, dass die Bandbreiten des moralisch Zulässigen gestiegen seien und eine Zunahme der tolerierten Normabweichungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschand eingetreten sei, wird anhand der Zusammenfassung empirischer Befunde über Veränderungen im moralischen Urteil und Sanktionsverlangen der Bundesbürger seit 1970 überprüft. Die Basis bilden Replikationsstudien zu einer 1970 durchgeführten Studie, die 1982 und 1987 in Form repräsentativer Umfragen realisiert wurden. Erhoben wurden jeweils die moralische Beurteilung und das Sanktionsverlangen für eine Reihe konkret formulierter Delikte. Die Befunde zeigen, dass es im Bereich der Beurteilung abweichender Verhaltensweisen seit 1970 in der Bundesrepublik keinen allgemeinen Wertewandel gegeben hat. Auch wenn manche der Delikte untereinander korreliert sind, so weisen sie doch eigene, spezifische Komponenten und eine eigene Entwicklung auf. Betont wird, dass moralisches Urteil und Strafverlangen zwar bei den meisten Delikten parallel gehen, dass sie aber bei einem Teil der Delikte divergieren. Es wird gefolgert, dass das normative Klima in der Bevölkerung gegenüber Abweichungen nur durch die Kombination dieser beiden Dimensionen angemessen erfasst werden kann. zitiert von: 14
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(1990): Mere presence, gender, and reactions to computers. Studying human-computer interaction in the social context. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 26 (2), S. 168-183. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(90)90074-V
Abstract: The effects of mere presence, expectations for success, gender, and level of computer experience on reactions to computers were examined. In Study 1, 80 male and female college students completed a difficult computer task and a series of questionnaires in the presence or absence of another person. Men and women were differentially affected by the presence of another person. For women with little previous computer experience, those who worked in the presence of another performed less well, expressed more negative attitudes toward computers, and reported higher anxiety than did women who worked alone. For men, mere presence had the opposite effect. Performance and reactions of subjects high in computer experience were unaffected by gender or mere presence. In Study 2, expectations for success were manipulated, and interacted with the presence of another person, resulting in facilitation for positive expectancy subjects and impairment for negative expectancy subjects, relative to those working alone. Men and women were not differentially affected by the presence of another person. Gender differences in expectations for success seem to have determined whether mere presence resulted in facilitation or impairment effects. zitiert von 77
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(1990): Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 58 (5)
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(1990): "Künstliche Intelligenz", Systemreproduktion und Bildung. In: Neue Sammlung 30 (2), S. 193-207
Abstract: Künstliche Intelligenz wird im Zusammenhang mit dem systematischen und geschichtlichen Aspekt von Bildung, mit Biokybernetik und Soziokybernetik diskutiert. Falls es in der Zukunft möglich ist, Maschinen herzustellen, die denken, lernen und schöpferisch tätig sein können, so stellt sich die Frage, was es für das menschliche Denken über Bildung bedeutet, dass diese Fähigkeiten vom Menschen abtrennbar sind und welchen Sinn die pädagogische Überlieferung von einer Generation zur nächsten noch hat. Das objektive Funktionsgefüge einer Gesellschaft braucht eine Entsprechung im Gefüge subjektiver Qualifikationen. Pädagogik hat die Aufgabe, diese Entsprechung herzustellen. Im Gegensatz zur künstlichen Intelligenz, die vergangene Leistungen des menschlichen Geistes konservieren und Daten nur anhand vorher festgelegter Begriffe wahrnehmen kann, ist die menschliche Intelligenz fähig zur Kritik. Diese verhilft dazu, aus der Vergangenheit zu lernen und die Zukunft zu planen.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Bildung und Erziehung, Cybernetics, education, Gesellschaftliche Fragen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relation, Pädagogische Psychologie, kybernetik, relation to biological & social cybernetics & education, Social intelligence, Social Processes, Social Processes & Social Issues, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Vorgänge, systems theory, Systemtheorie -
(1990) : Benutzerfreundlichkeit von Dialogsystemen und Benutzerbeteiligung bei der Software-Entwicklung In: Frei, Felix: Das Bild der Arbeit: 1. Aufl.: Bern: Huber, S. 158-171
Abstract: Die Bedeutung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit von Dialogsystemen und der Benutzerbeteiligung bei der Software-Entwicklung wird erörtert. Zunächst werden Konzepte und Kriterien der Benutzerfreundlichkeit beschrieben. Dann werden anhand illustrativer empirischer Daten die möglichen Effekte partizipativen versus expertokratischen Vorgehens bei der Entwicklung und Einführung von elektronischen Datenverarbeitungssystemen in Betrieben aufgezeigt, und Konsequenzen für die praktische Umsetzung solcher Vorhaben werden gezogen. Es wird dafür plädiert, im Rahmen der Software-Entwicklung zunehmend adaptierbare Systeme mit Individualisierungsmöglichkeiten anzustreben, die von den Benutzern selbst auf einfache Weise an ihre persönlichen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden können.
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(1990) : Deutsche Kurzskala zur Erfassung des Bedürfnisses nach sozialer Anerkennung In: Danner, D.; Glöckner-Rist, A. (Hg.): Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen: Mannheim: GESIS, S. 357-364
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(1990): Basics of qualitative research. Grounded theory procedures and techniques. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
Abstract: This book is addressed to researchers in various disciplines (social science and professional) who are interested in inductively building theory, through the qualitative analysis of data. However exciting may be their experiences while gathering data, there comes a time when the data must be analyzed. Often researchers are perplexed by this necessary task. They are dismayed not only by the sheer number of fieldnote, document, or interview pages ("mountains of data") now confronting them, but are often troubled by the following questions. How can I make sense out of all this material? How can I have a theoretical interpretation while still grounding it in the empirical reality reflected by my materials? How can I make sure that my data and interpretations are valid and reliable? How do I break through the inevitable biases, prejudices, and stereotypical perspectives that I bring with me to the analytic situation? How do I put all of my analysis together to create a concise theoretical formulation of the area under study? The purpose of this book is to answer these and other questions related to qualitative interpretation of data. It is written in a clear and straightforward manner. It is intended primarily to provide the basic knowledge and procedures needed by persons who are about to embark upon their first qualitative project and who want to build a theory at the substantive level.
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(1990): Interpersonal competence, social intelligence, and general ability. In: Personality and Individual Differences 11 (8), S. 833-839. DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(90)90193-U
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90193-U Abstract: The goal of this study was to appraise the construct validity of a videotape-based situational test, the Interpersonal Competence Instrument (ICI), that calls for the examinee to take the role of a superior talking to a subordinate in a business setting. The ICI was administered to college students along with a battery of other devices: self-rating, peer rating, and inventory measures of social intelligence and general ability, and objective tests of major components of social intelligence and general ability. Five clusters were identified in a multidimensional scaling analysis of the measures. The ICI Judgment-Accuracy score, a measure of the examinee's accuracy in describing the salient characteristics of the subordinates and the conversations, clustered with the Test of Implied Meanings and Extended Range Vocabulary Test. The ICI Replies-Effectiveness score, an index of the examinee's effectiveness in replying to the subordinates, clustered with the self-rating for general ability and PRF Understanding Scale. The Judgments-Accuracy score seems to be tapping verbal ability to some extent, whereas what the Replies-Effectiveness score is assessing cannot be determined with any certainty.
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(1990): The Social Engagement of Social Science, Volume 1. A Tavistock Anthology: The Socio-Psychological Perspective. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press Inc. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=4401759
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Uylings, Harry B. M. (1990): The prefrontal cortex. Its structure, function and pathology : proceedings of the 16th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Tropical Institute and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam (The Netherlands), from 28 August to 1 September 1. International Summer School of Brain Research. Amsterdam; New York; Oxford: Elsevier (Progress in Brain Research)
Keywords: Prefrontal Cortex, Stirnhirn -
(1990): Activities handbook for the teaching of psychology. Three tasks of adolescence: Cognitive, moral, social.. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association
Abstract: In this activity students should read the appropriate background materials before you engage them in this three-part discussion that is designed to bring the abstract theories they have read about to life. No materials are needed and any size class can participate. The cognitive theory of Piaget (1972), the moral theories of Kohlberg (1986) and Gilligan (1982), and the idea of social age-graded norms are key constructs for the study of adolescence. According to Erikson (1954), the formation of identity is aided by development in these areas. Piaget postulated that formal operational thought requires an ability for hypothetical thinking and the generation of logical rules for abstract problems. Both Kohlberg and Gilligan proposed that adolescents become capable of moral reasoning and look beyond simple rewards and punishments. Kohlberg's theory is based on considerations of justice and equity, and seems applicable to most men. Gilligan's theory describes moral decisions as being b ased on relationships and responsibilities, and seems to be more relevant to women. Adolescents are frequently caught between the norms for children and the norms for adults. These developments make the adolescent's search for his or her own identity a difficult, although not impossible, struggle. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1990): Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness: background and recent developments. OCTO-report; Vol 9002. Eindhoven Universtiy of TechnologyKeywords: social psychology, Sozialpsychologie
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(1990): Sex und Moral. Weinheim; Basel: Beltz (Psychologie heute. Taschenbuch)
Abstract: Fragen nach den Ursprüngen und der Entstehung sexueller Verhaltensvorschriften sowie nach dem Umgang mit Problemen und Widersprüchen im Sexualleben wird anhand verschiedener Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Sexualpraktiken und des psychosexuellen Verhaltens nachgegangen. Hintergrund ist die Feststellung, dass die Sexualität für die meisten Menschen trotz neuer Normen und Freiheiten ein schwieriger Lebensbereich geblieben ist. - Aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: (1) Sexuelle Entscheidungen. (2) Normen sexueller Moral. (3) Masturbation. (4) Nacktheit. (5) Sex ohne Trauschein. (6) Moral und Gesellschaft. (7) Ehebruch. (8) Empfängnisverhütung. (9) Abtreibung. (10) Oraler und analer Sex. (11) Homosexualität. (12) Schlussfolgerungen und Ratschläge. zitiert von: 3
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Zanna, Mark P. (1990): Advances in experimental social psychology. London: Academic Press
Keywords: Schematheorie, social psychology -
(1990): Einige Aspekte und Probleme der expansiven Nutzung moderner Informationstechnik, S. 423-430. Online verfügbar unter https://katalogplus.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/cgi-bin/new_titel.cgi?katkey=0061043 pdx&sprache=GER&bestand=extKeywords: Künstliche Intelligenz