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2016
Alsegier, Riyadh A. (2016): Roboethics: Sharing Our World with Humanlike Robots. In: IEEE Potentials 35 (1), S. 24-28. DOI: 10.1109/MPOT.2014.2364491

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPOT.2014.2364491

Abstract: Major debates surround the field of robotics, making the potential development of humanlike robots one of the most controversial facets of modern technology. This is the result of the technology’s young age. A new technology must meet a number of requirements before people will reach an agreement on it; legal, social, and global considerations must be explored before robotics applications will be accepted by society.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, ethical aspects, Ethics, global considerations, humanlike robots, Humanoid Robots, Humanoids, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, legal considerations, Moral & Ethik, roboethics, robotics applications, Robots, social considerations, Social factors, Social implications of technology
2012
Gray, Kurt; Wegner, Daniel M. (2012): Feeling robots and human zombies. Mind perception and the uncanny valley. In: Cognition 125 (1), S. 125-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007

DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784682

Abstract: The uncanny valley-the unnerving nature of humanlike robots-is an intriguing idea, but both its existence and its underlying cause are debated. We propose that humanlike robots are not only unnerving, but are so because their appearance prompts attributions of mind. In particular, we suggest that machines become unnerving when people ascribe to them experience (the capacity to feel and sense), rather than agency (the capacity to act and do). Experiment 1 examined whether a machine's humanlike appearance prompts both ascriptions of experience and feelings of unease. Experiment 2 tested whether a machine capable of experience remains unnerving, even without a humanlike appearance. Experiment 3 investigated whether the perceived lack of experience can also help explain the creepiness of unfeeling humans and philosophical zombies. These experiments demonstrate that feelings of uncanniness are tied to perceptions of experience, and also suggest that experience-but not agency-is seen as fundamental to humans, and fundamentally lacking in machines.

Keywords: Emotions, Favoriten, Female, humanlike, humanlike robots, Humans, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Intellectual Disability/psychology, Male, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), nervende Roboter, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, philosophical zombie, philosophy of mind, Reflexionen über MTR, Robotics, Simulation von Menschlichkeit, theory of mind
2011
Mumm, J.; Mutlu, B. (2011) : Human-robot proxemics: Physical and psychological distancing in human-robot interaction: 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 331-338

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957786

Abstract: To seamlessly integrate into the human physical and social environment, robots must display appropriate proxemic behavior-that is, follow societal norms in establishing their physical and psychological distancing with people. Social-scientific theories suggest competing models of human proxemic behavior, but all conclude that individuals’ proxemic behavior is shaped by the proxemic behavior of others and the individual’s psychological closeness to them. The present study explores whether these models can also explain how people physically and psychologically distance themselves from robots and suggest guidelines for future design of proxemic behaviors for robots. In a controlled laboratory experiment, participants interacted with Wakamaru to perform two tasks that examined physical and psychological distancing of the participants. We manipulated the likeability (likeable/dislikeable) and gaze behavior (mutual gaze/averted gaze) of the robot. Our results on physical distancing showed that participants who disliked the robot compensated for the increase in the robot’s gaze by maintaining a greater physical distance from the robot, while participants who liked the robot did not differ in their distancing from the robot across gaze conditions. The results on psychological distancing suggest that those who disliked the robot also disclosed less to the robot. Our results offer guidelines for the design of appropriate proxemic behaviors for robots so as to facilitate effective human-robot interaction.

Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Atmospheric measurements, Computers, disclosure, distancing, Gaze, human proxemic behavior, humanlike robots, human-robot interaction, human-robot proxemics, ieee xplore, individual psychological closeness, Particle measurements, physical distancing, Predictive models, Proxemics, proximity, psychological distancing, PSYCHOLOGY, robot gaze behavior, Robot kinematics, robot likeability, social-scientific theories, societal norms, Wakamaru

2016

2012

2011

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