Alle Publikationen
- <<
- <
- 1
2016
-
(2016): The Spectrum of Safety-Related Rule Violations. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 10 (2), S. 178-196. DOI: 10.1177/1555343416652745
Abstract: In a production context, safety-related rule violations are often associated with rule breaking and unsafe behavior even if violations are not necessarily malevolent. Nevertheless, our past experiments indicated a range of strategies between violation and rule compliance. Based on this finding, different types of rule-related behavior for managing organizations’ goal conflict between safety and productivity are assumed. To deepen the understanding of rule violations, the behavior of 152 participants in a business simulation was analyzed. Participants operated a plant as a production worker for 36 simulated weeks. In each week, they could choose to comply with safety rules or to violate them in order to maximize their salary. A cluster analysis of the 5,472 decisions made on how to operate the plant included the severity of the violations, the number of times participants changed their rule-related strategy, and the extent of failure/success of these strategies. Five clusters of rule-related behavior were extracted: the compliant but ineffective 'executor' (15%), the production-optimizing and behavioral variable 'optimizer' (13%), the successful and compliant 'well behaved' (36%), the notoriously violating 'inconvincible' (29%), and the 'experimenter' (7%), who does not succeed with various violating strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 2
2015
-
(2015): Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation. In: Interaction Studies 16 (3), S. 383-418. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.3.03ami
Abstract: Reviews the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of intercultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behavior. Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. The authors confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may have emerged and provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation. zitiert von 4
-
(2015): Conformity-based cooperation in online social networks. The effect of heterogeneous social influence. In: Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 81, S. 78-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2015.08.019
Abstract: This paper extends the conformity model by introducing heterogeneous social influence into the analysis. We associate the influence of a player in the network with its degree centrality assuming that players of higher degree exhibit more social influence on its neighbors. The results show that the equilibrium level of cooperators can be dramatically enhanced if the conformity-driven players are preferentially influenced by neighbors of higher degree. We attribute this finding to two elementary mechanisms in the evolutionary process: (1) degree-based social influence facilitates the formation of strategic clusters around hubs; and (2) payoff-heterogeneity between cooperative clusters and defective clusters contributes to the promotion of cooperation. This research reveals the important role of heterogeneous social influence on the emergence of cooperation in social networks. zitiert von 4
2014
-
(2014): Social influence and perceptual decision making. A diffusion model analysis. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 40 (2), S. 217-231. DOI: 10.1177/0146167213508985
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154917 Abstract: Classic studies on social influence used simple perceptual decision-making tasks to examine how the opinions of others change individuals' judgments. Since then, one of the most fundamental questions in social psychology has been whether social influence can alter basic perceptual processes. To address this issue, we used a diffusion model analysis. Diffusion models provide a stochastic approach for separating the cognitive processes underlying speeded binary decisions. Following this approach, our study is the first to disentangle whether social influence on decision making is due to altering the uptake of available sensory information or due to shifting the decision criteria. In two experiments, we found consistent evidence for the idea that social influence alters the uptake of available sensory evidence. By contrast, participants did not adjust their decision criteria. zitiert von 26
-
(2014): Social influences in opinion dynamics. The role of conformity. In: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 414, S. 19-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2014.07.018
Abstract: We study the effects of social influences in opinion dynamics. In particular, we define a simple model, based on the majority rule voting, in order to consider the role of conformity. Conformity is a central issue in social psychology as it represents one of people’s behaviors that emerges as a result of their interactions. The proposed model represents agents, arranged in a network and provided with an individual behavior, that change opinion in function of those of their neighbors. In particular, agents can behave as conformists or as nonconformists. In the former case, agents change opinion in accordance with the majority of their social circle (i.e., their neighbors); in the latter case, they do the opposite, i.e., they take the minority opinion. Moreover, we investigate the nonconformity both on a global and on a local perspective, i.e., in relation to the whole population and to the social circle of each nonconformist agent, respectively. We perform a computational study of the proposed model, with the aim to observe if and how the conformity affects the related outcomes. Moreover, we want to investigate whether it is possible to achieve some kind of equilibrium, or of order, during the evolution of the system. Results highlight that the amount of nonconformist agents in the population plays a central role in these dynamics. In particular, conformist agents play the role of stabilizers in fully-connected networks, whereas the opposite happens in complex networks. Furthermore, by analyzing complex topologies of the agent network, we found that in the presence of radical nonconformist agents the topology of the system has a prominent role; otherwise it does not matter since we observed that a conformist behavior is almost always more convenient. Finally, we analyze the results of the model by considering that agents can change also their behavior over time, i.e., conformists can become nonconformists and vice versa. zitiert von 35
2013
-
(2013): Warum verhalten wir uns manchmal merkwürdig und unlogisch?. Berlin: Springer Spektrum (Spektrum-Sachbuch)
Abstract: Anhand klassischer sozialpsychologischer Experimente werden Phänomene des Verhaltens von Individuen als Teil der Gruppe beleuchtet. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Gegenwart anderer in unterschiedlichen Situationen auf den Einzelnen und dessen Verhalten auswirkt. Irrationales, unlogisches und teils merkwürdiges Agieren wird entschlüsselt. Zentrale Themen der Sozialpsychologie wie sozialer Einfluss, Normbildung, Konformität, kognitive Dissonanz und Gruppenverhalten werden dadurch populärwissenschaftlich nahe gebracht. - Inhalt: (1) Und was machen die anderen? (2) Invasion vom Mars! Rette sich, wer kann. (3) Es scheint so, als ob. (4) Ich traue meinen Augen nicht. (5) Du bist doch eine totale Niete. (6) Das ist das Ende der Welt. (7) Machen Sie bitte weiter. (8) Allein traust du dich doch nicht. (9) Nein, ich habe nichts gehört, warum? (10) Lasst mich hier raus. (11) Und wer ist mein Nächster? (12) Verzieh dich, du Idiot. (13) Fortsetzung folgt. zitiert von 2
2011
-
(2011): Friend or Foe, Champ or Chump?. Social Conformity and Superiority Goals Activate Warmth-Versus Competence-Based Social Categorization Schemas. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 3 (4), S. 471-478. DOI: 10.1177/1948550611427357
Abstract: Evaluations of individuals and social groups refer to two basic dimensions of social judgment: warmth and competence. Although previous research has explored the antecedents and consequences of these evaluations, there is a lack of understanding of the conditions under which warmth and competence information is used for social categorization in the first place. The present research developed a novel measure of individuals' tendencies to categorize persons in terms of competence versus warmth and tested whether these tendencies are predicted by chronic (Study 1, N = 301) and experimentally induced (Study 2, N = 69) social conformity and superiority goals. Social conformity goals predicted greater relative use of warmth information, while superiority goals predicted greater relative use of competence information in categorizing persons. These findings attest to the relevance of chronic as well as contextually induced goals at an early stage of social information processing related to social categorization. zitiert von 10
2007
-
(2007): Herding, social preferences and (non-)conformity. In: Economics Letters 97 (1), S. 74-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2007.02.024
Abstract: We study the role of social preferences and conformity in explaining herding behavior in anonymous risky environments. In an experiment similar to information cascade settings, but with no private information, we find no evidence for conformity. On the contrary, we observe a significant amount of non-conforming behavior, which cannot be attributed to errors. zitiert von 29
2004
-
(2004): Entwicklungsveränderungen in Konformität und in kognitiven Folgen sozialer Beeinflussung. In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 36 (4), S. 173-181. DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637.36.4.173
Abstract: Thema der Studie sind Entwicklungsveränderungen bei sozialer Beeinflussung sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Erinnerungsleistung. 89 Kinder im Alter von sieben bis acht und neun bis zehn Jahren wurden nach einer Woche zum Inhalt eines Kinderfilms befragt. Im ersten Interview wurde die Erinnerungsleistung über offene Fragen ermittelt. Anschließend wurde die Stärke des sozialen Einflusses von irreführenden und richtig lenkenden Suggestionen zusätzlich durch die Anwesenheit und das Antwortverhalten einer Verbündeten der Interviewerin variiert. Am nächsten Tag wurde die suggestive Befragung ohne Verbündete wiederholt. Die Hälfte der Kinder durchlief als Kontrollgruppe beide suggestiven Befragungen ohne Verbündete. Es zeigten sich deutliche Alterseffekte in der Fähigkeit, sozialer Beeinflussung zu widerstehen: Während Sieben- bis Achtjährige noch durch Suggestionen sowie zusätzlich durch die Verbündete beeinflussbar waren, bestand bei Neun- bis Zehnjährigen nur noch ein Einfluss der Verbündeten. Dies zeigte sich auch in altersspezifischen Unterschieden in den Nachwirkungen der Befragungssituation mit der Verbündeten auf die spätere Befragung ohne Verbündete. zitiert von 11
2000
-
(2000): Soziale Kontrolle. Zum Problem der Normkonformität in der Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Imprint
Abstract: Die zentralen Fragestellungen des Buches lauten: - Verharmlost der Begriff soziale Kontrolle Vorgänge sozialer Ausschließung? - Wie wird in der Gesellschaft versucht, Nonkonformität herzustellen? - Zum Verhältnis von Gesellschaftstheorie und sozialer Kontrolle. Beiträge einer Tagung, die die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie 1999 in Oldenburg zum Thema "Soziale Kontrolle" veranstaltet hat, werden dokumentiert. - Inhalt: (A) Konformitätsherstellung: Normalitätskontrolle oder soziale Ausschließung? (1) R. Kreissl: Soziale Kontrolle, Kriminalität und abweichendes Verhalten in zeitgenössischen Gesellschaften. Einige Überlegungen in gesellschaftstheoretischer Absicht. (2) H. Cremer-Schäfer und H. Steinert: Soziale Ausschließung und Ausschließungs-Theorien - Schwierige Verhältnisse. - (B) Erprobungen der Leistungsfähigkeit des Begriffs Soziale Kontrolle. (3) P. Franz: Wie weit trägt das Konzept "Soziale Kontrolle" bei der Analyse aktueller gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungstrends? Eine Diskussion anhand der These der gefährdeten Integrationsfunktion der Stadt. (4) C. Lüdemann: Normen, Sanktionen und soziale Kontrolle in der Theorie rationalen Handelns von James S. Coleman. (5) D. Nogala: Erscheinungs- und Begriffswandel von Sozialkontrolle eingangs des 21. Jahrhunderts. - (C) Plädoyer for konstruktivistische Analysen. (6) G. Löschper: Wie die Rechtspsychologie richterliches Handeln im Strafprozess analysiert - und wie sie es analysieren sollte. - (D) Erneute Verteidigung des Begriffs soziale Kontrolle. (7) S. Scheerer: "Soziale Kontrolle" - ein schöner Begriff für böse Dinge? zitiert von 7
1971
-
(1971): Transgression, self-image, and compliant behavior. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 20 (2), S. 176-179. DOI: 10.1037/h0031686
Abstract: Tested the hypothesis that compliance increases following transgression, primarily because compliance restores self-esteem which was lost as a result of transgression. Self-esteem and transgression were manipulated in a 2 2 factorial design experiment employing 44 male undergraduates. Differences in compliance between transgression and no-transgression ss occurred only when ss received no self-esteem manipulation prior to the compliant request. Results are discussed in terms of consistency between self-image and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 83
1963
-
(1963) : Compliant Behavior and Individual Personality In: Smelser, Neil J.; Smelser, William T. (Hg.): Personality and social systems: Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc, S. 55-67
Abstract: This reprinted article originally appeared in (American Journal of Sociology, 1952, Vol 58, 292-303). (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1953-04997-001.) One of the pitfalls in the integration of sociological and psychological research is the lack of awareness of the nature of the differences between the 2 disciplines. Propositions in sociology focus on what is true of large numbers of individuals, considered as social groups. Propositions in psychiatry focus on what is true of all men, while the underlying therapeutic evidence always deals with what is true of the individual. Psychiatric interpretations of collective behavior presuppose a non-existent integration between the individual and conventional behavior patterns. The experience of the Nazi regime suggests that people submit to social pressures regardless of their character structure. The mores and folkways of a society are the challenge with which people cope emotionally in a variety of ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 70
-
Smelser, Neil J.; Smelser, William T. (Hg.) (1963): Personality and social systems. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Keywords: Compliant Behavior 1953
-
(1953) : An analysis of compliant behavior In: Sherif, Muzafer; Wilson, Milbourne Otto (Hg.): Group relations at the crossroads: Oxford, England: Harper, S. 232-256
Abstract: Elaborates a theory concerning the conditions under which public compliance with and without private acceptance is obtained. Public compliance without private acceptance will occur if the person is restrained from leaving the situation by threat of punishment for noncompliance. Compliance with private acceptance occurs if the individual desires to remain in the relationship with those influencing him. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 309
Keywords: Compliant Behavior, Sozialpsychologie -
Sherif, Muzafer; Wilson, Milbourne Otto (Hg.) (1953): Group relations at the crossroads. Oxford, England: Harper
Keywords: Compliant Behavior
- <<
- <
- 1