Alle Publikationen
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2011
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(2011) : Evaluating fairness: Critical assessment of equity theory.: Theories in social psychology.: Hoboken, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, S. 163-190
Abstract: This chapter discusses equity theory which concerns interpersonal relationships in social psychology. Most interpersonal relationships are built around trust, mutual respect, and genuine concern for the other person. Generally, people do not enter a relationship with fairness issues at the forefront of their minds. However, many people of all different backgrounds are familiar with the 'golden rule'—treat others as you would like to be treated. Many people believe that if everyone subscribed to this rule, fairness would prevail, leading to perfectly satisfying relationships. Whereas these ideas may be very intuitively appealing, they create some potential problems when people in relationships—whether it is a business relationship, a friendship, or a romance—experience difficulties. Difficulties may involve one person getting his or her way more often or experiencing hurt feelings. In reality, sometimes people feel they put more into a relationship than they get out of it. I t takes effort to build, maintain, and repair relationships, regardless of the type of relationship. Many people, both researchers and laypersons, are interested in what makes for satisfying relationships as well as what factors keep people together or drive them apart. A number of theories have been developed to help explain how people evaluate their relationships. One of them is equity theory. Equity theory is a theory that stems from economic principles. In fact, when John Stacy Adams first introduced the theory in 1963, he intended it to serve as an explanation for the fairness of exchanges between employers and their employees. Whereas researchers initially used this theory to explain employee-employer relationships, over the years, the theory has been expanded to explain various other types of relationships. Walster, Walster, and Berscheid continued to refine and to adapt the theory to help people understand how people evaluate their interactions in other kinds of rela tionship s, such as casual interpersonal relationships and intimate relationships. This type of research includes the harm-doer-victim relationship, helping relationships, collegial relationships, friendships, marital relationships, and homosexual relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2006
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(2006): Conditions for Establishing a System of Fairness. Comment on Brosnan (2006). In: Social Justice Research 19 (2), S. 194-200. DOI: 10.1007/s11211-006-0001-0
DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/content/1573-6725/ Abstract: Comments on an article by S. Brosnan (same issue) on reactions to inequity among nonhuman species, which are assumed to mirror human response tendencies summarized as inequity aversion. Suggestions made by Brosnan concerning the continuity between humans and nonhuman species in cooperative behavior as well as the evolutionary processes that lead to the formation of a sense of equity are elaborated from a social-psychological perspective. The evolutionary process described as a four-step model may also be used to explain intervention process when equity is violated. The remarkable similarity between animals and humans in their sense of fairness is considered a confirmation of the assumed closeness of humans to their evolutionary ancestors.
2003
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(2003) : Fairness in relationships In: Grau, Ina; Bierhoff, Hans-Werner (Hg.): Sozialpsychologie der Partnerschaft: [mit 19 Tabellen]: Berlin [u.a.]: Springer, S. 315-342
Abstract: Aus sozialpsychologischer Sicht werden Fragen nach der Fairness in engen Beziehungen diskutiert. Es wird erörtert, warum die Ausgewogenheit des Gebens und Nehmens für die Qualität von sozialen Beziehungen von Bedeutung ist. Hierbei wird insbesondere auf die Equity-Theorie eingegangen, nach der die Qualität einer Sozialbeziehung davon bestimmt wird, wie ausgewogen sie wahrgenommen wird. Die Grundannahmen der Equity-Theorie werden skizziert und auf intime Beziehungen und Partnerschaften angewandt. Hinsichtlich der Erfassung von Equity in Partnerschaften werden Möglichkeiten der globalen bzw. detaillierten Messung sowie methodische Probleme angesprochen. Ergebnisse einer Analyse von 24 Untersuchungen, die die empirische Überprüfung der Vorhersagen der Equity-Theorie zum Gegenstand hatten, werden vorgestellt: Unausgewogenheit wirkte sich ungünstig auf partnerschaftliche Zufriedenheit, das Erleben von positiven Emotionen, Ärger, Intimität und die Bindung an die Partnerschaft aus. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich auch, dass die Relevanz von Equity für das Fortbestehen einer Beziehung weiterhin ungeklärt ist. Abschließend wird als ein besonderer Bereich der Fairness in Partnerschaften die Aufteilung der Hausarbeit thematisiert.
1992
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(1992): Prozedurale Gerechtigkeit. Das Wie und Warum der Fairness. In: Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie 23 (3), S. 163-178. Online verfügbar unter http://econtent.hogrefe.com/loi/zspx
Abstract: Presents an overview of social psychological research on procedural fairness. The author then differentiates between distributive, interactional and procedural fairness. In addition, several procedures which are widely applied to conflict resolution are identified and their potential effects on perceived fairness are analyzed. Process control effects (i.e., voice) and appeal are emphasized as two important features of the conflict-resolution process. Finally, several theories of procedural justice are described including an attributional framework, referent cognitions theory, impression-management theory, and the mediatory model of distributive and procedural justice. In general, the application of the procedural justice concept in organizational conflicts and in the legal system is emphasized. Ein Uberblick uber die sozialpsychologische Forschung zur prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit wird gegeben. Zunachst wird die Unterscheidung zwischen distributiver, interaktionaler und prozeduraler Fairness erlautert. Dann werden Kriterien der Fairness im Zusammenhang mit diesen drei Formen von Fairness besprochen. Weiterhin werden mehrere Verfahren, die vielfach zur Konfliktlosung angewandt werden, im Hinblick auf ihre Auswirkungen auf die wahrgenommene Fairness analysiert. Effekte der Prozesskontrolle und Berufung werden als zwei wichtige Elemente der Konfliktlosung besonders betont. Abschliessend werden verschiedene Theorien der prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit beschrieben: (1) attributionstheoretischer Ansatz, (2) Referent-Cognitions-Theorie, (3) Impression-Management-Theorie, (4) Mediationsmodell distributiver und prozeduraler Fairness.
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