Alle Publikationen
2000
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Spencer-Oatey, Helen (2000): Culturally speaking. Managing rapport through talk across cultures. 1. publ.. London u.a.: Continuum
Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung, Diskursanalyse, Disziplin, Emotionen, Erste Welle, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Gestik/Mimik, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der ersten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Kommunikation, Kulturkontakt, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Rapport Management View, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch -
(2000): Practical intelligence in everyday life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam021/00699912.htmlKeywords: Alltag, Implizites Wissen, Intellect, Praktische Intelligenz, Psychologie, Tacit knowledge
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(2000): Culture and cognitive development. In: Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (2), S. 37-40
Abstract: Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not. The difference can be clearly seen when the social learning skills of humans and their nearest primate relatives are systematically compared. The human adaptation for culture begins to make itself manifest in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as human infants come to understand other persons as intentional agents like the self and so engage in joint attentional interactions with them. This understanding then enables young children (1) to employ some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning to acquire the accumulated wisdom of their cultures, especially as embodied in language, and also (2) to comprehend their worlds in some uniquely powerful ways involving perspectivally based symbolic representations.
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(2000): Cooperation in groups. Procedural justice, social identity, and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia u.a: Psychology Press
Abstract: This work explores the psychological motives that shape the extent and nature of people's cooperative behaviour in groups. In so doing, the authors bring together two literatures: the study of rule-following behaviour and the study of helping behaviour. They argue that both types of cooperative behaviour are rooted in people's views about the justice of group procedures. Four components of procedures are shown largely to define people's views about their fairness. Finally, the authors argue that people focus on procedural fairness because they use information about the fairness of group procedures to understand both the status of the group and their status within the group. These status judgments are important to people because they shape their self definitions and feelings of self worth.
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(2000): Toward understanding why fairness matters: The influence of mortality salience on reactions to procedural fairness.. In: Journal of personality and social psychology, S. 355-366, zuletzt geprüft am 08.03.2018
Abstract: This article focuses on the question of why fairness matters to people. On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that people especially need fairness when they are uncertain about things that are important to them. Following terror management theory, the authors focus on a basic kind of human uncertainty: fear of death. Integrating these two theoretical frameworks, it is proposed that thinking about their mortality should make fairness a more important issue to people. The findings of three experiments support the authors' line of reasoning: Asking participants to think about their mortality led to stronger fair process effects (positive effects of perceived procedural fairness on subsequent reactions) than not asking them to think about mortality. It is argued that these findings suggest that fairness especially matters to people when they are uncertain about fundamental aspects of human life such as human mortality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, al l rights reserved)
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(2000): Die neue Wissenschaft über die gemeinschaftliche Natur der Völker. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter
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(2000): Babylonian diplomacy in the Amarna Letters. In: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY 120 (3), S. 377-382
Abstract: Modern commentators view the pattern of negotiations in the Amarna Letters as reflecting an imbalance between Egypt and the Asiatic great powers. The Asiatic kings try unsuccessfully to wrest gold and status from the Pharaoh, and in doing so are often forced into humiliating concessions. The Babylonian dispatches are regarded as a prime example of this imbalance. Babylonian kings look, at best, self-abasing and, at worst, ridiculous, especially when describing their own actions and reactions in previous diplomatic incidents. A close analysis of Babylonian arguments, however, reveals a cunning and devious train of logic designed to gain the moral advantage over the Egyptian interlocutor. The Babylonian rulers used the cultural conventions of the day to send hidden messages, the meaning of which would nonetheless be unmistakable to the recipient.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SvA -
(2000) : Social control, perceived control, and the family In: Perrig, Walter J.; Grob, Alexander (Hg.): Control of human behavior, mental processes, and consciousness. Essays in honor of the 60th birthday of August Flammer.: Hove, UK: Psychology Press, S. 477-486
Abstract: Reviews how control processes, such as social control and perceived control, affect family functioning, especially parenting behavior. Past research on social control and perceived control is critically discussed. It is concluded that programs aimed to improve families' housing conditions should obtain more attention in the future because they focus on relations between environmental factors and family functioning. zitiert von 1
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(2000): Wissenschaftstheoretische Richtungen. Landau: Empirische Pädagogik e.V (Forschung, Statistik & Methoden)
Abstract: Zentrale Grundlagen unterschiedlicher wissenschaftstheoretischer und methodologischer Richtungen werden in knapper Form dargestellt. - Inhalt: (1) Hermeneutik. (2) Kritischer Rationalismus. (3) Logischer Positivismus. (4) Phänomenologie. (5) Theorie der symbolischen Interaktion. (6) Ethnomethodologie. (7) Handlungsforschung. (8) Radikaler Konstruktivismus. (9) Kritische Theorie der Frankfurter Schule. (10) Quantitative und qualitative Sozialforschung. (11) Ökologische Perspektive in den Sozialwissenschaften. zitiert von 4
1999
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(1999): Tit for tat? the spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. In: Academy of Management Review 24 (3), S. 452-471
Abstract: In this article we introduce the concept of workplace incivility and explain how incivility can potentially spiral into increasingly intense aggressive behaviors. To gain an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie an "incivility spiral," we examine what happens at key points: the starting and tipping points. Furthermore, we describe several factors that can facilitate the occurrence and escalation of an incivility spiral and the secondary spirals that can result. We offer research propositions and discuss implications of workplace incivility for researchers and practitioners.
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(1999): On becoming a person. In: Philosophical Psychology 12 (1), S. 79-98. DOI: 10.1080/095150899105945
Abstract: How does an entity become a person? Forty years ago Carl Rogers answered this question by suggesting that human beings become persons through a process of personal growth and self-discovery. In the present paper I provide six different answers to this question, which form a hierarchy of empirical projects and associated criteria that can be used to understand human personhood. They are: (1) persons are constructed out of natural but organic materials; (2) persons emerge as a form of adaptation through the process of evolution; (3) persons develop ontogenetically; (4) persons are created through the unifying activity of self-narrative ; (5) persons are constituted through socio-historical and cultural processes; and (6) the concept of person is a normative ideal . I suggest that it is important to consider all of these projects and related criteria in order to appreciate fully how an entity becomes a human person.
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(1999): The Limitations of Humanity. In: PsycCRITIQUES 44 (6). DOI: 10.1037/002114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/002114 Abstract: This is a review of the book, 'Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy' (1998). The author, S. Carter, discusses what is a civil person and how everyone should strive to become a civil person. However, the reviewer feels that however thoughtful and civil a person becomes it is impossible from a practical perspective to maintain the vigilance civility requires. As is true of too many works of moral philosophy and social criticism, Carter's book is long on vision (what civility is), long on justification (why being civil is fundamentally important), but short on practical considerations (how can average people consistently achieve civility in their day-to-day lives). As a sermon, though, Civility does quite well. Like sermons of old, it is long and tedious in places, but one definitely leaves it feeling chastened, determined to do better in the future, and more in touch with their religiosity. But, unfortunately, these feelings begin to fade when one puts the book down and returns to daily life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1999): Intergroup perception in naturally occurring groups of differential status: A social relations perspective. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 77 (6), S. 1200-1212. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1200
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(1999): Entwurf einer Theorie der Praxis auf der ethnologischen Grundlage der kabylischen Gesellschaft. Frankfurt/M.
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Breuer, Franz (1999): Abseits!?. Marginale Personen - prekäre Identitäten. Münster [u.a.]: Lit (Psychologische Erkundungen)
Abstract: Dokumentiert werden qualitative empirische Analysen der Lebenssituationen von Personen, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Gründen in lebensgeschichtlichen und identitätsbezogenen Umbrüchen befinden. Gemeinsam ist den Betroffenen ihre personale Unsicherheit hinsichtlich sozialer Zugehörigkeit, Teilhabe und Identität. Problemwahrnehmungen, Umgangsstrategien und deren Entwicklung werden aus der jeweiligen subjektiven Perspektive dargestellt. - Inhalt: (A) Der Umgang mit körperlichem Anderssein. (1) D. Bister: Der lange Weg zum autonomen Leben mit einer Körperbehinderung. (2) J. Schwöppe: Schwer-dazuge-hörigkeit: Der kommunikativ-soziale Kampf Schwerhöriger um Identität. - (B) Statuspassagen beim Älterwerden. (3) K. Wortmann: "Man ist nun hier und muss damit fertig werden". Die Lebenssituation Altenheim aus Sicht der Bewohnerinnen. (4) R. Ranke und R. Böttcher: Vom Star zum Nobody. Das Karriereende von Spitzensportlern. - (B) Soziale und psychische Brüche. (5) F. Rochau: "Ich hätt mir nie träumen lassen, dass det mir mal so gehen könnte". Der Umgang mit Obdachlosigkeit aus der Sicht Betroffener. (6) R. Domes: "Man will feiern, und alles andere ist halt erstmal zweitrangig". Ecstasykonsum in der Technoszene. (7) D. Klute: Glaubensübernahme, Glaubensaneignung, Lebenskrise. - (C) Krisenerfahrungen in der "zweiten Generation". (8) C. Mähler und A. Niemeier: Vergangenheitsbeeinflusste Identität. Zum Umgehen der Zweiten Generation jüdischer Überlebender des Holocaust mit den Verfolgungserfahrungen ihrer Eltern. (9) H. Bovensmann: Nach Hause kommen!? Die Rückkehr jugendlicher Chilenen der zweiten Generation des Exils nach Chile. (10) F. Breuer: Soziale Zugehörigkeit und personale Identität. Eine zusammenfassende Ideen-Skizze.
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(1999) : Soziale Zugehörigkeit und personale Identität : Eine zusammenfassende Ideen-Skizze In: Breuer, Franz: Abseits!?: Marginale Personen - prekäre Identitäten: Münster [u.a.]: Lit (Psychologische Erkundungen), S. 179-194
Abstract: Vorgelegt wird eine zusammenfassende Ideenskizze zu Buchbeiträgen zum Thema "soziale Zugehörigkeit und personale Identität". Das Generalthema der Beiträge ist die personale Verunsicherung hinsichtlich sozialer Teilhabe und Identität aufgrund des individuell fraglich werdenden Erfüllen-Könnens bzw. des Verfehlens der Zugehörigkeits-Kriterien soziokultureller "Normalitäts-Welten" (Sub-/Kulturen) aufgrund unterschiedlicher problematischer Lebenssituationen. Es werden über die untersuchten sozialen Kontexte hinweg zwei (Haupt-)Typen "sozialen Displacements" unterschieden (unerfüllt bleibender Zugehörigkeits-Wunsch, ungewünschtes Herausfallen aus bisherigen sozialen Zusammenhängen). Auf dem Hintergrund einer "Vergleichenden Lektüre" der Buch-Beiträge werden Merkmalsdimensionen aufgelistet und illustriert, anhand derer sich die thematischen Displacement-Problematiken (und möglicherwise auch solche aus anderen psychosozialen Feldern) auf einer abstraktiven Ebene kennzeichnen und analysieren lassen. Ferner wird der Entwurf einer phänomennahen Systematik von Umgehensweisen (Strategien) der von sozialer Ausgrenzung und Marginalisation Betroffenen mit ihrer Situation vorgestellt. Überlegungen zur Identitätsaushandlung zwischen sozialem Selbstbild und Zugehörigkeits-Ambitionen einer Person einerseits, den "Normalitäts"-Vorstellungen der Mitglieder seiner Bezugs-(Sub-)Kultur andererseits sowie zur Ambivalenz-Charakteristik sozialer Beziehungen (Zugehörigkeit und Abgrenzung) werden angestellt.
Keywords: Soziale Teilhabe, Sozialpsychologie -
(1999): The chameleon effect. The perception–behavior link and social interaction. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 76 (6), S. 893-910. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893
Abstract: The chameleon effect refers to nonconscious mimicry of the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors of one's interaction partners, such that one's behavior passively rind unintentionally changes to match that of others in one's current social environment. The authors suggest that the mechanism involved is the perception-behavior link, the recently documented finding (e.g., J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996) that the mere perception of another' s behavior automatically increases the likelihood of engaging in that behavior oneself Experiment 1 showed that the motor behavior of participants unintentionally matched that of strangers with whom they worked on a task. Experiment 2 had confederates mimic the posture and movements of participants and showed that mimicry facilitates the smoothness of interactions and increases liking between interaction partners. Experiment 3 showed that dispositionally empathic individuals exhibit the chameleon effect to a greater extent than do other people.
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(1999) : Die Integration des Selbst und der Moral in der Entwicklung moralischen Engagements In: Edelstein, Wolfgang; Nunner-Winkler, Gertrud; Noam, Gil (Hg.): Moral und Person: 1. Aufl., [Nachdr.]: Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft Beiträge zur Soziogenese der Handlungsfähigkeit), S. 149-174
Abstract: Es wird eine bestimmte Sichtweise des Zusammenspiels von interpersonellem Einfluss, moralischer Entwicklung und dem Selbst entworfen. Als zentrale grundlegende Behauptung wird expliziert, dass das Individuum während des Entwicklungsverlaufs einen aktiven Anteil an der Gestaltung seiner Gruppen hat. Die hierin vorgenommene Verbindung von Entwicklungs- und Sozialpsychologie wird als Zieltransformationsansatz bezeichnet. An einer Fallgeschichte wird nachgezeichnet, wie sich im Laufe der Entwicklung von Individuen ihre Ziele ändern: Persönliche Ziele werden zu moralischen Zielen, moralische Ziele werden zunehmend wichtiger für das Selbstgefühl, sind zunehmend weniger vom Selbstinteresse zu differenzieren. Erkenntnisse, die in einer Gruppe von moralisch vorbildlichen Individuen gewonnen wurden, werden als Argumentationsgrundlage herangezogen. zitiert von: 19
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(1999): Core symbols in South African intercultural friendships. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 23 (1), S. 133-156
Abstract: Focus group discussions among Afrikaner, British, Coloured, Asian and Black groups in South Africa were held in which respondents discussed intercultural friendships. Groups were asked to suggest core characteristics for friendships, to describe instances in which they managed cultural differences, to describe rule violations which would necessitate the termination of the friendship, and to make recommendations for appropriate and satisfying friendship conduct to persons from different cultural groups. Afrikaner discourse about intercultural friendship centered upon themes of Pride in Cultural Identity and Decorum, British themes were Individualism and a Future Orientation the themes for Coloured respondents were Flexibility and Relationship Orientation, Asian themes were Responsibility for Actions and Openness, while Black themes were Honor, and Compassion. The core symbols were interpreted in the political and social context of transition in 1992. A positive relationship between level of sociocultural power in South Africa and the intensity and salience of the ethnic identity emerged in that groups with greater sociocultural power expressed the most negative ascriptions about members of other groups, as well as expressed preferences for their own group or individual norms for the intercultural friendship. While dialectic tensions in group and individual orientations were evident in the discourse of friends from all groups, group members with higher sociocultural power criticized Blacks as looking too much toward the past instead of the future.
Keywords: decorum, Disziplin, Fehlverhalten, Freundschaft, Grenzen, Grenzüberschreitung, Interaktion, Interaktionsabbruch, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Kulturvergleich, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Respekt, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Umgangsformen -
(1999): Theory of mind, emotion understanding, language, and family background: individual differences and interrelations. In: CHILD DEVELOPMENT 70 (4), S. 853-865. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00061
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446724 Abstract: Individual differences in young children's social cognition were examined in 128 urban preschoolers from a wide range of backgrounds. comprehensive assessments were made of children's false-belief understanding, emotion understanding, language abilities, and family background information was collected via parent interview. Individual differences in children's understanding of false-belief and emotion were associated with differences in language ability and with certain aspects of family background, in particular, parental occupational class and mothers' education. The number of siblings that children had did not relate to their social cognition. Individual differences in false-belief and emotion understanding were correlated, but these domains did not contribute to each other independently of age, language ability, and family background. In fact, variance in family background only contributed uniquely to false-belief understanding. The results suggest that family background has a significant impact on the development of theory of mind. The findings also suggest that understanding of false-belief and understanding of emotion may be distinct aspects of social cognition in young children.
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(1999): Man Machine and Other Writings Julien Offray De La Mettrie Ann Thomson, translator and editor New York. Cambridge University Press, 1996, xxx + 179 pp., $54.95, $18.95 paper. In: Dialogue 38 (03). DOI: 10.1017/S001221730004703X
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(1999): Hostilität und Benevolenz. Eine Skala zur Erfassung des ambivalenten Sexismus. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 30 (4), S. 211-228. DOI: 10.1024//0044-3514.30.4.211
Abstract: Es wird eine deutsche Version des "Ambivalent Sexism Inventory" (ASI) vorgestellt. Diese Skala dient der Erfassung ambivalenter Einstellungen gegenüber Frauen. Anders als die Konzepte des traditionellen und des modernen Sexismus trennt das Konzept des ambivalenten Sexismus zwischen negativen, offen feindseligen Einstellungen (Hostilität) und subjektiv positiven, wohlwollenden Einstellungen (Benevolenz). Untersuchungen an zwei studentischen und drei nichtstudentischen Stichproben mit insgesamt 773 Versuchspersonen wiesen die 22-Item-Skala als reliabel und valide aus. Insbesondere bestätigte sich die Hypothese, dass Hostilität und Benevolenz zwei separate Subsysteme sexistischer Einstellungen mit gegenläufiger subjektiver Valenz bilden. In der abschließenden Diskussion werden Perspektiven der Forschung zu sexistischen Einstellungen aufgezeigt. zitiert von 69
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Edelstein, Wolfgang; Nunner-Winkler, Gertrud; Noam, Gil (Hg.) (1999): Moral und Person. 1. Aufl., [Nachdr.]. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft Beiträge zur Soziogenese der Handlungsfähigkeit)
Keywords: Entwicklung, Ethics, Ethik, Gefühl, Individualethik, Moral, Moralische Entwicklung, Selbstbestimmung, Self -
(1999): Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. In: Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (2). DOI: 10.2307/2666999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999 Abstract: This paper presents a model of team learning and tests it in a multimethod field study. It introduces the construct of team psychological safety—a shared belief held by members of a team that the team is safe for interpersonal risk taking—and models the effects of team psychological safety and team efficacy together on learning and performance in organizational work teams. Results of a study of 51 work teams in a manufacturing company, measuring antecedent, process, and outcome variables, show that team psychological safety is associated with learning behavior, but team efficacy is not, when controlling for team psychological safety. As predicted, learning behavior mediates between team psychological safety and team performance. The results support an integrative perspective in which both team structures, such as context support and team leader coaching, and shared beliefs shape team outcomes.
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(1999): Ideologies of politeness. In: Pragmatics 9 (1), S. 163-173Keywords: Youssef, Ramy