Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): A Cultural Semiotic Aesthetic Approach for a Virtual Heritage Project. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (3), S. 198-215. DOI: 10.5840/techne201653147
Abstract: This paper presents an integrated framework applied towards the design and evaluation of a virtual museum of Byzantine art that combines the theorized fields of semiotics, virtual heritage (VH), and Byzantine art. A devised semiotic model, the case study semiosphere, synthesizes important principles from the theoretical background justifying the overall design and evaluation methodology. The approach presented has theoretical extensions to the understanding of the role technology plays in promoting a consummatory aesthetic experience for Byzantine art in virtual environments, complementing the experience received from traditional Byzantine art media. Part A of the work presents the development of the semiotic foundation of the study prior to presenting the applied potential of the approach in design and evaluation of VH for Byzantine art, which appears in Part B. The final task of the proposed approach aims to support a meaningful interpretation, assisting in the promotion of the significance (value) of the virtual museum to potential interpreters/visitors.
Keywords: Ästhetisch angemessene Präsentation von Museumsgut, Augmented & Virtual Reality, Einander-Ergänzen von Objekten und Präsentationsrahmen, Kunst und Kultur, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Museen, Philosophie, Realtechnik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Technik, Technologie, Zeitschrift: techne -
(2016): Eine kurze Genealogie und Anatomie des Habitusbegriffs. In: Berliner Debatte Initial 27 (4), S. 103-109
Abstract: Die philosophischen Ursprünge des Habitusbegriffs zu ergründen und dessen erstmalige Verwendung durch Bourdieu zu betrachten, der damit die historische Bruchlinie des algerischen Befreiungskrieges wie die Nachkrieges-Modernisierung des ländlichen Frankreichs zu beschreiben suchte, kann dabei behilflich sein, vier weithin geteilte Missverständnisse bezüglich des Begriffs aufzuklären. (1) Der Habitus ist niemals eine Replikation einer einzigen sozialen Struktur, sondern vielmehr ein dynamisches, multiskaliertes und vielschichtiges Set von Schemata, dass einer permanenten Revision in der Praxis unterworfen ist. (2) Der Habitus ist nicht notwendigerweise kohärent und einheitlich, sondern weist vielmehr variierende Grade von Verflechtungen und Spannungen auf. (3) Weil der Habitus nicht immer deckungsgleich mit dem ihn umgebenden Kosmos ist, in dem er sich entwickelt, eignet er sich gleichermaßen dafür, sozialen Wandel und Krisen zu erfassen wie Prozesse der Kohäsion und der Perpetuierung. (4) Schließlich ist der Habitus nicht als ein selbstgenügsamer Mechanismus der Generierungen von Handlungen zu verstehen: Die Untersuchung von Dispositionen muss stets in einer engen Verbindung mit einer parallelen Kartierung des Systems sozialer Positionen vorgehen, die die jeweiligen Fähigkeiten und Neigungen der Akteure entweder anregen, unterdrücken oder überschreiben. Grundlegend ist, dass der Habitusbegriff Bourdieus nicht als ein abstraktes Konzept zu verstehen ist, das auf einer theoretischen Ebene verbleibt, sondern als Skizze einer Forschungsperspektive, die die Genese des Denkens in das Zentrum sozialer Analysen stellt.
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(2016) : Investigation of appropriate response time for an animal type robot: 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): New York City, USA: IEEE, S. 331-334
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745151 Abstract: Robot therapy, interaction with animal type robots, is expected to have psychological, physiological and social effects as well as animal therapy. However, design method for therapeutic robots is not examined enough yet. Especially, physical interaction (e.g. touch and hug) is key point of the robot; however appropriate behaviors are veiled. In this research, we tried to investigate when the robot should respond during physical interaction between human and robot.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), animal therapy, animal type robot interaction, Animals, Correlation, Dementia, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interviews, medical robotics, Medical treatment, patient treatment, physical interaction, physiological effects, psychological effects, response time, Robot sensing systems, Robot Therapy, social effects, therapeutic robots -
(2016): Should We Be Talking About Ethics or About Morals ?. In: Ethics & Behavior 27 (5), S. 436-444. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2016.1275968
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1275968 Abstract: This article seeks to revisit the distinction between the words ethics and morals. First, we understand the word ethics to be focused on the way we seek to live our own life, and hence to connote a relativistic and essentially subjective perspective, whereas we understand the word morals to be focused on the way we should live our lives together, especially through sensitivity to viewpoints other than our own. Second, we perceive a usefulness in such a differentiation when the ethical values of those in a dilemmatic situation are conflicted in order to prioritize moral decision making in contemporary society. We argue that in our current era, characterized by a multiplicity of faiths and by pronounced value pluralism, a philosophical basis for moral decision making needs to be clearly attuned with intersubjectivity and interconnectivity among people. It should be able to determine principles of conduct toward others, no matter how one’s own ethical values, conceptions o f the go od, or life choices might differ from those of others. To do this, we relocate ethical decision making away from an essentially monological reflection on our own values and purposes into a social space wherein we have an inclusive, noncoercive, and reflective dialogue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: entscheiden, Ethics, Gesellschaft, Intersubjectivity, Moral, Morality, Social Values, society, Verhaltensforschung -
(2016): Frauen und Macht. In: Psychoanalytische Familientherapie 17 (1), S. 39-52
Abstract: Aus psychoanalytischer Perspektive wird die Thematik der weiblichen Macht reflektiert. Basierend auf eigenen Erfahrungen aus der Fuhrung der DGPT (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychoanalyse, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Tiefenpsychologie) wird eine Femininisierung weniger angesehener Positionen in der Gesellschaft diskutiert. Daruber hinaus wird auf unbewusste individuelle und kollektive Weiblichkeitskonstruktionen eingegangen, die als entscheidende Faktoren bezuglich weiblicher Macht vornehmlich die Verschrankungen odipaler und praodipaler Identifizierungen in der weiblichen Entwicklung betonen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Theorien wird vorgeschlagen, anstelle einer Logik der Macht den Begriff der Verantwortlichkeit fur einen sozialpsychologischen und analytischen Diskurs um weibliche Macht aufzunehmen und an diesen Denkkonzepten weiterzuarbeiten.
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(2016): The Bright Line of Ethical Agency. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (3), S. 240-257. DOI: 10.5840/techne2016102858
Abstract: In his article The Nature, Importance, and Difficulty of Machine Ethics, James H. Moor distinguishes two lines of argument for those who wish to draw a “bright line” between full ethical agents, such as human beings, and “weaker” ethical agents, such as machines whose actions have significant moral ramifications. The first line of argument is that only full ethical agents are agents at all. The second is that no machine could have the presumed features necessary for ethical agency. This paper shows why Moor is mistaken in his refutation of the first line of argument; it also makes a positive case that “weaker” ethical agents are not agents at all. This positive case, however, allows Moor’s rejection of the second line of argument to stand: allowing that there could be moral machines, but that these machines would have to be full moral agents and not merely something that models moral behavior or can be used in morally charged ways.
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(2016): Affective Priming by Simple Geometric Shapes: Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials. In: Frontiers in psychology 7. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00917
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00917 Abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that simple geometric shapes may convey emotional meaning using various experimental paradigms. However, whether affective meaning of simple geometric shapes can be automatically activated and influence the evaluations of subsequent stimulus is still unclear. Thus the present study employed an affective priming paradigm to investigate whether and how two geometric shapes (circle vs. downward triangle) impact on the affective processing of subsequently presented faces (Experiment 1) and words (Experiment 2). At behavioral level, no significant effect of affective congruency was found. However, ERP results in Experiment 1 and 2 showed a typical effect of affective congruency. The LPP elicited by affectively incongruent trials was larger compared to congruent trials. Our results provide support for the notion that downward triangle is perceived as negative and circle as positive and their emotional meaning can be activated automatically and then exert an influence on the electrophysiological processing of subsequent stimuli. The lack of significant congruent effect in behavioral measures and the inversed N400 congruent effect might reveal that the affective meaning of geometric shapes is weak because they are just abstract threatening cues rather than real threat. In addition, because no male participants are included in the present study, our findings are limited to females.
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(2016) : May I be your Personal Coach? Bringing Together Person Tracking and Visual Re-identification on a Mobile Robot In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH, S. 1-8. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559109/
Abstract: Mobile robots following and guiding stroke patients during their rehabilitation program are in the focus of our research in rehabilitation robotics. To be able to act autonomously, it is crucial for the robot to extract long and precise movement trajectories of the patients. But already keeping track on one specific person in a crowded dynamic environment is inherently hard, since multi-sensor tracking as well as appearance-based re-identification are challenging tasks in realworld environments. Therefore, we aim for developing a coupled person tracking system that combines user tracking by spatial proximity with appearance-based user recognition. We analyzed all subcomponents of such a system and identified four essential parts, that significantly influence the overall performance. We show, that it is essential, to (1) accurately detect all persons in scene, (2) track people as long as no ambiguities occur, (3) visually re-identify the user otherwise, and (4) reduce the search space for re-identification to just relevant hypotheses using spatial proximity as criterion. In our experiments, we show, that by addressing all these aspects, our system significantly outperforms each approach, that excludes just one of these important parts.
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(2016) : Beschämung und Kooperation in historischen Gesellschaften - Eine evolutionäre Perspektive auf den sozialen Gebrauch moralischer Emotionen im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit In: Hennighausen, Christine; Lange, Benjamin P.; Schwab, Frank (Hg.): Evolution des Sozialen: Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers (Die Psychogenese der Menschheit), S. 25-40
Abstract: Zur Beantwortung der Frage, welche Rolle moralische Emotionen für die Evolution des sozialen Miteinanders und für die Aufrechterhaltung von gruppenspezifischen Normen und Regeln spielen, werden zunächst verschiedene neuere Theorien und Forschungen zum Verhältnis von Scham und Kooperation aus der evolutionären Anthropologie, Spieltheorie, Psychologie sowie Ökonomie diskutiert. Diese legen eine enge Verbindung von moralischen Emotionen und kooperativem Verhalten nahe. Anschließend werden empirische Befunde aus historischen Gesellschaften exemplarisch vorgestellt und im Rahmen einer evolutionären Geschichtswissenschaft interpretiert. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass beschämende Strafen im europäischen Mittelalter vor allem für leichtere Vergehen gegen den inneren Frieden einer Gruppe wie etwa bei Verleumdung und übler Nachrede, Meineid, Fälschung, Betrug, Ehebruch sowie Gotteslästerung und später auch Diebstahl verhängt wurden. Die ursprünglich aus der kirchlichen Bußpraxis stammenden Strafen entwickelten sich im städtischen Strafrecht des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters eigenständig weiter und waren zum Beginn der Neuzeit in weiten Teilen Europas fester Bestandteil des Sanktionenkatalogs. Moralische Emotionen waren somit für einen bestimmten Zeitraum ein wichtiger Baustein, mit dem eine effektive Kooperation in Gruppen, die auf gegenseitiges Vertrauen bauten, sichergestellt werden sollte. Im Fazit wird der Blick auf Funktionalisierungen der Scham in modernen Gesellschaften geweitet, und Implikationen der historischen Befunde werden diskutiert.
Keywords: COOPERATION, Emotions, Gesellschaft, Historie, History, Moral, Morality, Punishment, Rechtswissenschaft, Shame, society -
(2016): Theorizing the Mechanisms of Conceptual and Semiotic Space. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34 (2), S. 283-299. DOI: 10.1177/0048393103262554
Abstract: In this piece the author takes issue with Mario Bunge's claims that conceptual and semiotic systems have "compositions, environments and structures, but no mechanisms." Structures, according to Bunge, can never be mechanisms in conceptual and semiotic systems. Contra this the author argues that in social systems, social structures (which are concept-dependent and reproduced and/or transformed, at least in part, semiotically), can be mechanisms in the sense that such structures are one of the processes in a concrete system that makes it what it is. As such, not only may conceptual and semiotic systems have mechanisms, but they may also themselves be considered some of the mechanisms that make the social what it is. As such, they can be said to possess powers and liabilities that neither reside at lower levels nor are explainable in terms of the lower level. To hold out the prospect of social explanation by conceptual and/or semiotic mechanisms does not represent an attempt to decouple these systems from material factors. What it does mean is that conceptual and/or semiotic systems can, potentially at least, play a role in social explanation; and themselves be subject to explanation.
Keywords: Bunge, cause, conceptualism, Disziplin, emergence, Emergenz, Erklärung, Erklärung des Sozialen, explanation, Interaktion, Konzept, mechanisms, Ontologie, Philosophie, realism, Realismus, reductionism, Reduktionismus, semiotics, Semiotik, social, social realism, Sozialverhalten, structures, Strukturalismus, Strukturen, Systemtheorie, Theoriebegriffe, Überblick -
(2016): when I need/want to. Normativity, identity, and form in user construals of ‘talk-like’ tweeting. In: Discourse, Context & Media 14, S. 54-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2016.09.003
Abstract: The focus of this study is on how Twitter users construe talk-like tweeting in metalinguistic utterances. In a material of tweets containing or responding to explicit comparisons of tweeting to talking (N=520), a broad range of construals are identified, showing Twitter users associating talk-likeness with, e.g., notions of the textual representation of voice, of grammatical (in-)correctness, of accurately reflecting one's 'real-life' identity, and of regional or social variation in language use. These associations frequently serve normative functions, enforcing or contesting linguistic and discursive norms in both serious and playful ways. The findings offer a novel perspective on the oft-debated orality of computer-mediated discourse, providing a window on how a process of enregisterment (Agha, 2007) is instantiated and how language norms are actively negotiated by participants in everyday online language use on Twitter.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Design, Entstehung von Normen, grammatische (In-)Korektheit, Konventionen, metalinguistische Äußerungen, Orality of computer-mediated discourse, social media, textuelle Nachahmung von Stimme, Twitter, Twitter-spezifische textuelle Ausdrucksweise, Variabilität im Sprachgebrauch (in Abweichung von Standardsprache) -
(2016): The Social Etiquette of Sleep. Some Sociological Reflections and Observations. In: Sociology 41 (2), S. 313-328. DOI: 10.1177/0038038507074977
Abstract: This article provides a critical examination of the seemingly counter-intuitive sociological notion of the 'social etiquette of sleep': the socially appropriate and inappropriate, prescriptive and proscriptive, ways of 'doing' sleeping, that is to say, in, everyday/night life. The first part of the article provides a brief discussion of the rationale for a sociological engagement with sleep. The remaining sections then proceed to a detailed sociological account of the 'civilizing' of sleep, the social uses and abuses of sleep, the socially attentive sleeper, the inconsiderate or selfish sleeper, and the anarchic, anomic, deviant or stigmatized sleeper. The article closes with some further sociological reflections on these dormative/normative matters, A sociological engagement with sleep, it concludes, is far from a contradiction in terms.
Keywords: Biologische Marker, Disziplin, Etikette, Etiquette, Schlaf, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie -
(2016) : Reflections on the Design Challenges Prompted by Affect-Aware Socially Assistive Robots In: Tkalčič, Marko; Carolis, Berardina de; Gemmis, Marco de; Odić, Ante; Košir, Andrej (Hg.): Emotions and personality in personalized services: Models, evaluation and applications, 100: Cham: Springer (Human-Computer Interaction Series), S. 377-395
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31413-6_18 Abstract: The rising interest in socially assistive robotics is, at least in part, stemmed by the aging population around the world. A lot of research and interest has gone into insuring the safety of these robots. However, little has been done to consider the necessary role of emotion in these robots and the potential ethical implications of having affect-aware socially assistive robots. In this chapter we address some of the considerations that need to be taken into account in the research and development of robots assisting a vulnerable population. We use two fictional scenarios involving a robot assisting a person with Parkinson's disease to discuss five ethical issues relevant to affect-aware socially assistive robots. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Ethik, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion -
(2016): Männer und Macht - Frauen und Macht. In: Psychoanalytische Familientherapie 17 (1), S. 53-66
Abstract: Geschlechtsunterschiede im Umgang mit Macht werden beleuchtet. Nach einer persönlichen Positionierung im Diskurs über Autorität und Macht auf der Grundlage von Erfahrungen der "antiautoritären Generation" in der Auseinandersetzung mit gesellschaftlichen Autoritäten wird der enge Zusammenhang von Narzissmus, Macht und antisozialem Verhalten thematisiert. Auf dieser Grundlage wird der Problematik des Machtmissbrauchs nachgegangen, der am Beispiel von antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörungen, Gewaltkriminalität und sexueller Gewalt illustriert wird. Anhand der bei Männern deutlich häufiger vorkommenden Formen des Machtmissbrauch wird verdeutlicht, wie Macht Männer stärker als Frauen dazu verleitet, ihrem malignen Narzissmus freien Lauf zu lassen und ihre narzisstische Selbst- und Weltsicht in der Realität zu bestätigen.
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(2016) : Philosophische Untersuchungen In: Schulte, Joachim: Tractatus logico-philosophicus: Werkausgabe Band 1: 22. Auflage: Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft), S. 225-580
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Schulte, Joachim (2016): Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Werkausgabe Band 1. 22. Auflage. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
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(2016): Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan. An empirical review on selection and socialization. In: European Psychologist 21 (4), S. 254-273. Online verfügbar unter https://www.hogrefe.ch/produkte/zeitschriften/ep
Abstract: Changes in the co-development of personality characteristics and friendships across the lifespan are examined. How personality traits shape friendship development (i.e., selection effects) and how friendships shape personality traits (i.e., socialization effects) is adressed. By integrating separate empirical studies, The authors look at how selection and socialization effects change across the lifespan. A review of longitudinal research supports the hypothesis that selection effects on friendships intensify during adolescence, peak in young adulthood, and diminish throughout middle and late adulthood. Socialization effects through friendships seem to be moderately sized during adolescence, then small to negligible from young adulthood onwards. For future directions, effects of the transactional development of friendships and personality regarding associated dispositions within individuals, associated individuals within friendship dyads, and individuals associated within wider social networks are discussed. zitiert von 11
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(2016): Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan. An empirical review on selection and socialization. In: European Psychologist 21 (4), S. 254-273
Abstract: Changes in the co-development of personality characteristics and friendships across the lifespan are examined. How personality traits shape friendship development (i.e., selection effects) and how friendships shape personality traits (i.e., socialization effects) is adressed. By integrating separate empirical studies, The authors look at how selection and socialization effects change across the lifespan. A review of longitudinal research supports the hypothesis that selection effects on friendships intensify during adolescence, peak in young adulthood, and diminish throughout middle and late adulthood. Socialization effects through friendships seem to be moderately sized during adolescence, then small to negligible from young adulthood onwards. For future directions, effects of the transactional development of friendships and personality regarding associated dispositions within individuals, associated individuals within friendship dyads, and individuals associated within wider social networks are discussed. zitiert von 11
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(2016): Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modeling. Online verfügbar unter https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.07584
Abstract: We study the problem of 3D object generation. We propose a novel framework, namely 3D Generative Adversarial Network (3D-GAN), which generates 3D objects from a probabilistic space by leveraging recent advances in volumetric convolutional networks and generative adversarial nets. The benefits of our model are three-fold: first, the use of an adversarial criterion, instead of traditional heuristic criteria, enables the generator to capture object structure implicitly and to synthesize high-quality 3D objects; second, the generator establishes a mapping from a low-dimensional probabilistic space to the space of 3D objects, so that we can sample objects without a reference image or CAD models, and explore the 3D object manifold; third, the adversarial discriminator provides a powerful 3D shape descriptor which, learned without supervision, has wide applications in 3D object recognition. Experiments demonstrate that our method generates high-quality 3D objects, and our unsupervisedly learned features achieve impressive performance on 3D object recognition, comparable with those of supervised learning methods.
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(2016): Computational Analysis and Simulation of Empathic Behaviors. A Survey of Empathy Modeling with Behavioral Signal Processing Framework. In: Current psychiatry reports 18 (5). DOI: 10.1007/s11920-016-0682-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0682-5 Abstract: Empathy is an important psychological process that facilitates human communication and interaction. Enhancement of empathy has profound significance in a range of applications. In this paper, we review emerging directions of research on computational analysis of empathy expression and perception as well as empathic interactions, including their simulation. We summarize the work on empathic expres- sion analysis by the targeted signal modalities (e.g., text, au- dio, and facial expressions). We categorize empathy simula- tion studies into theory-based emotion space modeling or application-driven user and context modeling. We summarize challenges in computational study of empathy including con- ceptual framing and understanding of empathy, data availability, appropriate use and validation of machine learn- ing techniques, and behavior signal processing. Finally, we propose a unified view of empathy computation and offer a series of open problems for future research.
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(2016): Cooperating without Co-laboring. In: Administrative Science Quarterly 62 (1), S. 179-214. DOI: 10.1177/0001839216655090
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839216655090 Abstract: I examine how different distributions of ownership and governance rights in firms affect the optimal organization of cross-functional project teams for knowledge-intensive work. I analyze multi-method data from two competing automated manufacturing equipment engineering firms with contrasting formal power structures, one a worker cooperative with ownership and governance rights distributed across occupations and the other a conventional firm with ownership and governance rights concentrated in the hands of several senior workers in one occupational group. Contrary to prior research, my findings suggest that when collective tasks are uncertain and complex, the benefits of cross-functional interactions depend on organizations’ formal power structure: cross-functional interactions improve teams’ productivity in the context of concentrated ownership and governance rights but not when ownership and governance rights are widely distributed among workers. Fieldwork at the tw o firms revealed three mechanisms by which dispersed formal power decreases the productivity benefits of cross-functional interaction: it reduces status distinctions among team members, increasing the labor hours required to resolve conflicts; boosts participation in oversight and coordination processes outside teams so that workers have more access to information and less need for cross-functional interactions; and increases the distribution of knowledge-management technology, which increases workers’ autonomy and reduces the value of cross-functional interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Social norms, costly punishment and the evolution of cooperation. In: Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 11 (2), S. 313-343. DOI: 10.1007/s11403-015-0146-8
Abstract: Both laboratory and field evidence suggest that people tend to voluntarily incur costs to punish non-cooperators. While costly punishment typically reduces the average payoff as well as promotes cooperation. Why does the costly punishment evolve? We study the role of punishment in cooperation promotion within a two-level evolution framework of individual strategies and social norms. In a population with certain social norm, players update their strategies according to the payoff differences among different strategies. In a longer horizon, the evolution of social norm may be driven by the average payoffs of of all members of the society. Norms differ in whether they allow or do not allow for the punishment action as part of strategies, and, for the former, they further differ in whether they encourage or do not encourage the punishment action. The strategy dynamics are articulated under different social norms. It is found that costly punishment does contribute to the evolution toward cooperation. Not only does the attraction basin of cooperative evolutionary stable state (CESS) become larger, but also the convergence speed to CESS is faster. These two properties are further enhanced if the punishment action is encouraged by the social norm. This model can be used to explain the widespread existence of costly punishment in human society.
Keywords: Bestrafung, Disziplin, economics, Favoriten, Genese von Normen, Good manners, Kooperation, Modelle/Theorien, Natur & Genese von Normen, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Ökonomische Theorie sozialer Normen, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Normen, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Wandel von Normen -
Zalta, Edward (2016): The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, California: Metaphysics Research Lab
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(2016): When Justice Promotes Injustice. Why Minority Leaders Experience Bias When They Adhere to Interpersonal Justice Rules. In: Academy of Management Journal 59 (4), S. 1150-1173. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2014.0275
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0275 Abstract: Accumulated knowledge on organizational justice leaves little reason to doubt that organizational members benefit when leaders adhere to interpersonal justice rules. However, upon considering how justice behaviors influence subordinates’ cognitive processes, we predict that interpersonal justice has a surprising, unintended negative consequence. Supervisors who violate interpersonal justice rules trigger subordinates to search for reasons why their supervisors are threatening them, causing subordinates to be more attuned to supervisors’ individual characteristics and therefore unlikely to use stereotypes when evaluating them. In contrast, supervisors who adhere to interpersonal justice rules allow subordinates to divert attention away from them, leading subordinates’ judgments of their supervisors to be influenced by stereotypes. Consistent with these predictions, using field data we found that minority supervisors faced bias relative to Caucasian supervisors when s uperviso rs adhered to—but not when they violated—interpersonal justice rules. We replicated this effect in an experiment and established that it is explained by an alternating pattern of stereotype application and inhibition: the stereotype that minority supervisors are more deceitful than Caucasians influenced fairness judgments when supervisors adhered to—but not when they violated—interpersonal justice rules. We then conducted exploratory analyses and identified one factor (unit size) that mitigates this troubling pattern. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2016): Kindersoldatinnen und -soldaten als Flüchtlinge in Deutschland. In: PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE 65 (10), S. 763-780. DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2016.65.10.763
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923337 Abstract: Child Soldiers as Refugees in Germany How do former child soldiers cope with their potentially traumatic experiences, and how do the living conditions as refugees influence these coping processes? A dissertation at the faculty of human and social sciences at the University of Wuppertal, based on biographical-narrative interviews with 15 young refugees from six African countries, describes the characteristics of the traumatic sequences in the countries of origin and in exile, and elaborates typical coping processes. In order to survive a situation of absolute subjection within armed groups, children develop forms of adequate adaptation to the context like regulation and detachment of emotions e.g. with the use of drugs, assimilation to an idea of "hard masculinity" etc. They become victims, witnesses and often perpetrators of extreme violence (man-made-disaster), respectively traumatic processes can be seen in all sequences. After leaving the armed groups there is no way back into the families and communities destroyed by armed conflict, so they become refugees. In Germany, they are subjected to a bureaucratic and excluding asylum system, in which decisions on all relevant areas of life (age determination, place and right of residence, form of accommodation, access to education, etc.) are imposed on them. Especially the insecure right of residence and the living conditions in refugee camps are severe risk factors, impeding stabilization. Social support, e. g. by competent professionals, access to trauma- and culture-sensitive psychotherapy, societal inclusion, but also personal resilience are essential for coping with trauma and developing new future perspectives.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Africa/ethnology, Armed Conflicts/psychology, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), culture sensitive, Defense Mechanisms, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Female, Germany, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Military Personnel/psychology, Minors/psychology, Pathologie, Psychologie, Refugees/psychology, Social Conditions, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Trauma, Young Adult