Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Emotionale Roboter im Pflegekontext : Empirische Analyse des bisherigen Einsatzes und der Wirkungen von Paro und Pleo. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 51 (1), S. 16-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1346-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218400 Abstract: BACKGROUND It has been questioned by researchers in robotics as well in the general public to what extent companion-type robots can support the elderly with the fulfillment of their psychological and social needs. Although these robots have already been used in care settings in Germany, research has referred little to this practical experience in order to analyze their impact and benefit. To start to close this gap, the current article reports on the current use of companion-type robots in care settings, on the effects reported by professional caregivers as well as on the role of psychosocial needs in the acceptance and use of companion-type robots by the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first study, 30 professional caregivers with experience in the use of the robot seal Paro in care settings were interviewed regarding Paro's application and the observed effects on their clients. In the second study, three case examples are presented from an interaction study in which vulnerable elderly persons had the robot dinosaur Pleo at their disposal for a maximum period of 15 days. RESULTS Paro is used very flexibly in a variety of settings and with a broad range of user groups (study 1). The reported psychosocial effects were mainly positive but short term. The case examples (study 2) show that psychosocial needs can both foster or hinder robot acceptance and use. They also emphasize the important role of caregivers in the interaction between the elderly and emotional robots in the context of eldercare. CONCLUSION The beneficial and ethical use of companion-type robots in care settings demands a high commitment on the part of the caregivers. Given this prerequisite, emotional robots can be a valuable therapeutic tool.
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(2018) : Gender stereotyping, prejudice, and shifting standards In: Travis, Cheryl B.; White, Jacquelyn W.; Rutherford, Alexandra; Williams, Wendi S.; Cook, Sarah L.; Wyche, Karen Fraser (Hg.): APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (Vol. 1): Washington: American Psychological Association, S. 343-361
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000059-017 Abstract: Gender is a salient social category, and no one reading this book will be surprised to learn that gender matters in everyday social perception and interaction. People readily notice others’ (apparent) gender, and they hold gender-based expectations regarding traits, roles, behaviors, and skills. These cognitive proclivities contribute to the tendency for gender to color people’s perceptions and judgments of individual girls and boys, women and men. In academic and work settings, for example, gendered beliefs may lead perceivers to view women as less suitable than men for managerial positions (Koenig, Eagly, Mitchell, & Ristikari, 2011), to notice poor performance in women more quickly than in men (Biernat, Fuegen, & Kobrynowicz, 2010), and to give women less credit than men for successful team performance (Heilman & Haynes, 2005). These examples may not rise to the level of blatant sex discrimination captured in the TV series Mad Men or in Supreme Court cases such as Price Wa terhouse v. Hopkins (1989; failure to promote a qualified woman) or Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986; sexual harassment), but even subtle biases can accrue over time, affecting women’s advancement and pay (see Martell, Lane, & Emrich, 1996). As I write this chapter, five women from the World Cup–winning U.S. women’s national soccer team have filed a wage discrimination suit against the U.S. Soccer Federation, claiming they are paid 4 times less than their male counterparts (Das, 2016). One does not need to look far to see evidence that gender continues to affect workplace outcomes. In this chapter, I will consider the research literature on how gendered beliefs affect the way individuals are perceived, evaluated, and treated, particularly in work and academic settings. I will also point to the complexity of these judgmental patterns, noting that counterstereotypical effects may occur under some conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved )
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(2018): Toward Socially Aware Person-Following Robots. In: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 10 (4), S. 936-954. DOI: 10.1109/TCDS.2018.2825641
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2018.2825641 Abstract: Significant research and development has been invested in technical issues related to person following. However, a systematic approach for designing robotic person-following behavior that maintains appropriate social conventions across contexts has not yet been developed. To understand why this may be the case, an in-depth literature review of 221 articles on person-following robots was performed, from which 107 are referenced. From these papers, six relevant topics were identified that shed light on the types of social interactions that have been studied in person-following scenarios: 1) applications; 2) robotic systems; 3) environments; 4) following strategies; 5) human-robot communication; and 6) evaluation methods. Gaps in the existing research on person-following robots were identified, mainly in addressing social interaction and user needs, noting that only 25 articles reported proper user studies. Human-related, robot-related, task-related, and environment-related factors that are likely to influence people’s spatial preferences and expectations of a robot’s person-following behavior are then discussed. To guide the design of socially aware person following robots, a user-needs layered design framework that combines the four factor categories is proposed. The framework provides a systematic way to incorporate social considerations in the design of person-following robots. Finally, framework limitations and future challenges in the field are presented and discussed.
Keywords: Accompanying robot, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), environment-related factors, human-related factors, human-robot interaction, Human–robot interaction (HRI), ieee xplore, Legged locomotion, Mobile robots, Navigation, person-following, Proxemics, Robot sensing systems, robotic person-following behavior, robot-related factors, service robot, social interaction, Social interactions, Social robotic, social sciences, socially aware person-following robots, Task Analysis, task-related factors, user needs -
(2018): Spillover modes in multiplex games. Double-edged effects on cooperation and their coevolution. In: Scientific reports 8 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25025-3
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29720679 Abstract: In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying games on multiplex networks that account for interactions across linked social contexts. However, little is known about how potential cross-context interference, or spillover, of individual behavioural strategy impact overall cooperation. We consider three plausible spillover modes, quantifying and comparing their effects on the evolution of cooperation. In our model, social interactions take place on two network layers: repeated interactions with close neighbours in a lattice, and one-shot interactions with random individuals. Spillover can occur during the learning process with accidental cross-layer strategy transfer, or during social interactions with errors in implementation. Our analytical results, using extended pair approximation, are in good agreement with extensive simulations. We find double-edged effects of spillover: increasing the intensity of spillover can promote cooperation provided cooperation is favoured in one layer, but too much spillover is detrimental. We also discover a bistability phenomenon: spillover hinders or promotes cooperation depending on initial frequencies of cooperation in each layer. Furthermore, comparing strategy combinations emerging in each spillover mode provides good indication of their co-evolutionary dynamics with cooperation. Our results make testable predictions that inspire future research, and sheds light on human cooperation across social domains.
Keywords: COMMONS, Disziplin, EVOLUTIONARY GAMES, Favoriten, GRAPHS, Interaction, Interaktion, interference of social interaction, Kooperation, Mathematik, NETWORKS, Netzwerk, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, social interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, spillover effects, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2018) : Moral judgment: Reflective, interactive, spontaneous, challenging, and always evolving. In: Gray, Kurt James; Graham, Jesse (Hg.): Atlas of moral psychology: What do we evaluate when we evaluate moral character? - Helzer, Erik G.; Critcher, Clayton R.: New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Abstract: Why is moral reasoning fundamental to an explanation of the development of morality? Reasoning is the process by which humans create and apply principles for how individuals ought to treat one another; it is neither innate nor inculcated, but constructed through everyday interactions over the course of development. In this chapter, we discuss the developmental origins of morality, drawing on theories and empirical research in developmental science. Understanding the origins and developmental changes of any phenomenon provides insights into sources of influence, change, and evolution throughout the life course. Although morality was once thought to be the province of adulthood (children were viewed as selfish, antagonistic, or as a blank slate), a large body of research has demonstrated that children are social beings, oriented toward others, motivated to help others and to cooperate, and, beginning in early childhood, capable of drawing categorical distinctions between mo ral cons iderations and other social organizational norms. Moreover, starting at preschool age, children justify moral judgments by reference to fairness, rights, or others’ welfare, whereas they justify conventional judgments by reference to rules, authority, and social traditions. Over several decades, empirical evidence has demonstrated that the developmental emergence of morality stems out of social interactions, both with peers and through adult-child exchanges, and changes slowly over the life course. Morality is constructed through social interactions and observations of events in the world, involving evaluation, reflection, and judgments about the fair treatment of others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018) : From social interaction to ethical AI: a developmental roadmap: 2018 Joint IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob): Tokyo, Japan: IEEE, S. 204-211
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2018.8761023 Abstract: AI and robot ethics have recently gained a lot of attention because adaptive machines are increasingly involved in ethically sensitive scenarios and cause incidents of public outcry. Much of the debate has been focused on achieving highest moral standards in handling ethical dilemmas on which not even humans can agree, which indicates that the wrong questions are being asked. We suggest to address this ethics debate strictly through the lens of what behavior seems socially acceptable, rather than idealistically ethical. Learning such behavior puts the debate into the very heart of developmental robotics. This paper poses a roadmap of computational and experimental questions to address the development of socially acceptable machines. We emphasize the need for social reward mechanisms and learning architectures that integrate these while reaching beyond limitations of plain reinforcement-learning agents. We suggest to use the metaphor of “needs” to bridge rewards and higher level abstractions such as goals for both communication and action generation in a social context. We then suggest a series of experimental questions and possible platforms and paradigms to guide future research in the area.
Keywords: adaptive machines, Artificial intelligence, control engineering computing, Decision Making, developmental roadmap, developmental robotics, ethical AI, ethical aspects, ethically sensitive scenarios, Ethics, Face, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), plain reinforcement-learning agents, Robot Ethics, robot programming, Robot sensing systems, social interaction, social reward mechanisms, socially acceptable machines, standards 2017
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(2017): Power assertion in everyday mother-infant interactions. In: Infant behavior & development 47, S. 58-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.03.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343117 Abstract: Mothers' power assertion was assessed following everyday infant transgressions. Power assertiveness showed limited stability, increased with age, and was higher when infants were harming others and when the physical danger was more severe. Naturalistic research is key to understanding how power assertion influences social development.
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(2017): The Hazard of Teetering at the Top and Being Tied to the Bottom. The Interactive Relationship of Power, Stability, and Social Dominance Orientation with Work Stress. In: Applied Psychology 66 (4), S. 653-673. DOI: 10.1111/apps.12104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12104 Abstract: This study examines the roles of power, stability, and social dominance orientation (SDO) for work stress. Initial laboratory research has demonstrated that power and the stability of one's power position interact to influence stress. Using a sample of Chinese managers, we replicate and extend this finding in an organisational field setting, illustrating that the interactive role of power and stability hinges on individuals' SDO. Individuals higher (but not lower) in SDO experienced more work stress in unstable high‐power and stable low‐power positions, compared to their counterparts in stable high‐power and unstable low‐power positions. These results underscore the role of stability for understanding the power–stress relationship and emphasise individual differences in needs and motivations as an important boundary condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Social interaction contexts bias the perceived expressions of interactants. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 567-571. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000257
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191995 Abstract: The present study sought to determine whether contextual information available when viewing social interactions from third-person perspectives may influence observers' perception of the interactants' facial emotion. Observers judged whether the expression of a target face was happy or fearful, in the presence of a happy, aggressive, or neutral interactant. In 2 experiments, the same target expressions were judged to be happier when presented in the context of a happy interactant than when interacting with a neutral or aggressive partner. We failed to show that the target expression was judged as more fearful when interacting with an aggressive partner. Importantly, observers' perception of the target expression was not modulated by the emotion of the context interactant when the interactants were presented back-to-back, suggesting that the bias depends on the presence of an intact interaction arrangement. These results provide valuable insight into how social contextual effects shape our perception of facial emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 2
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(2017): The effect of reactive emotions expressed in response to another's anger on inferences of social power. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 717-727. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000262 Abstract: Social perception of emotions is influenced by the context in which it occurs. One such context is a social interaction involving an exchange of emotions. The way parties to the interaction are perceived is shaped by the combination of emotions exchanged. This idea was examined by assessing the extent to which expressions of anger toward a target-which, in isolation, are perceived as signals of high social power-are influenced by the target's emotional reaction to it (i.e., reactive emotions). Three studies show that the angry person was perceived as having a higher level of social power when this anger was responded by fear or sadness than when it was responded by neutrality or anger. Study 1 indicated that reactive emotions have a stronger effect on perceived social power when emotions were incongruent with gender stereotypes. Study 2 indicated that these effects are a result of these emotions serving as reactive emotions rather than a benchmark against which the angry person's power is assessed. Study 3 showed that reactive emotions affect perceived social power by serving as signals of the level to which the high social power suggested by the first person's expression is confirmed by its target. Comparing effects of reactive emotions to anger with reactive emotions to sadness, showed that perceived social power of the expresser is determined by the nature of the expression, with some adjustment caused by the reactive emotions. This underscores the importance of social interaction as a context for the social perception of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2017): Undesirable Consequences and Social Contexts of Technology Use. A Micro-analysis of Embodied User Interaction. In: Interacting with Computers 29 (4), S. 481-493. DOI: 10.1093/iwc/iwx002Keywords: analytics, Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, empirical studies in collaborative and social computing, fortgeschrittene interaktive Geräte, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, interference of social interaction, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), novel interaction devices, Philosophie, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, social interaction, Technik, Technik-Nutzer Interaktion, Techniknutzung, Technikphilosophie, technological innovation, Technological innovations, Technologie und Soziales, techno-social framework, undesirable consequences, Volltreffer
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(2017): How can the study of action kinematics inform our understanding of human social interaction?. In: Neuropsychologia 105, S. 101-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.018
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119002 Abstract: The kinematics of human actions are influenced by the social context in which they are performed. Motion-capture technology has allowed researchers to build up a detailed and complex picture of how action kinematics vary across different social contexts. Here we review three task domains-point-to-point imitation tasks, motor interference tasks and reach-to-grasp tasks-to critically evaluate how these tasks can inform our understanding of social interactions. First, we consider how actions within these task domains are performed in a non-social context, before highlighting how a plethora of social cues can perturb the baseline kinematics. We show that there is considerable overlap in the findings from these different tasks domains but also highlight the inconsistencies in the literature and the possible reasons for this. Specifically, we draw attention to the pitfalls of dealing with rich, kinematic data. As a way to avoid these pitfalls, we call for greater standardisation and clarity in the reporting of kinematic measures and suggest the field would benefit from a move towards more naturalistic tasks.
Keywords: Favoriten, Imitation, Interaktion, interference of social interaction, Kinematics, kinematics and social interaction, Kinematik, kinematische Dimension, Kontext, Körperbewegungen / Kinematik, Modelle/Theorien, Motor, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, social, social interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit -
(2017): Power Moves Beyond Complementarity. A Staring Look Elicits Avoidance in Low Power Perceivers and Approach in High Power Perceivers. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 43 (8), S. 1188-1201. DOI: 10.1177/0146167217708576
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28903712 Abstract: Sustained, direct eye-gaze—staring—is a powerful cue that elicits strong responses in many primate and nonprimate species. The present research examined whether fleeting experiences of high and low power alter individuals’ spontaneous responses to the staring gaze of an onlooker. We report two experimental studies showing that sustained, direct gaze elicits spontaneous avoidance tendencies in low power perceivers and spontaneous approach tendencies in high power perceivers. These effects emerged during interactions with different targets and when power was manipulated between-individuals (Study 1) and within-individuals (Study 2), thus attesting to a high degree of flexibility in perceivers’ reactions to gaze cues. Together, the present findings indicate that power can break the cycle of complementarity in individuals’ spontaneous responding: Low power perceivers complement and move away from, and high power perceivers reciprocate and move toward, staring onlook ers. (Ps ycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Enabling robotic social intelligence by engineering human social-cognitive mechanisms. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 43, S. 190-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.09.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.09.005 Abstract: For effective human-robot interaction, we argue that robots must gain social-cognitive mechanisms that allow them to function naturally and intuitively during social interactions with humans. However, a lack of consensus on social cognitive processes poses a challenge for how to design such mechanisms for artificial cognitive systems. We discuss a recent integrative perspective of social cognition to provide a systematic theoretical underpinning for computational instantiations of these mechanisms. We highlight several commitments of our approach that we refer to as Engineering Human Social Cognition. We then provide a series of recommendations to facilitate the development of the perceptual, motor, and cognitive architecture for this proposed artificial cognitive system in future work. For each recommendation, we highlight their relation to the discussed social-cognitive mechanisms, provide the rationale for these recommendations and potential benefits, and detail examples of associated computational formalisms that could be leveraged to instantiate our recommendations. Overall, the goal of this paper is to outline an interdisciplinary and multi-theoretic approach to facilitate the design of robots that will one day function, and be perceived, as socially interactive and effective teammates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Robotic faces: Exploring dynamical patterns of social interaction between humans and robots. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold: 1) to develop an empirically-based design for an interactive robotic face, and 2) to understand how dynamical aspects of social interaction may be leveraged to design better interactive technologies and/or further our understanding of social cognition. Understanding the role that dynamics plays in social cognition is a challenging problem. This is particularly true in studying cognition via human-robot interaction, which entails both the natural social cognition of the human and the ’artificial intelligence’ of the robot. Clearly, humans who are interacting with other humans (or even other mammals such as dogs) are cognizant of the social nature of the interaction‐-their behavior in those cases differs from that when interacting with inanimate objects such as tools. Humans (and many other animals) have some awareness of ’social’, some sense of other agents. However, it is not clear how or why. Social interaction patterns vary across culture, context, and individual characteristics of the human interactor. These factors are subsumed into the larger interaction system, influencing the unfolding of the system over time (i.e. the dynamics). The overarching question is whether we can figure out how to utilize factors that influence the dynamics of the social interaction in order to imbue our interactive technologies (robots, clinical AI, decision support systems, etc.) with some ’awareness of social’, and potentially create more natural interaction paradigms for those technologies. In this work, we explore the above questions across a range of studies, including lab-based experiments, field observations, and placing autonomous, interactive robotic faces in public spaces. We also discuss future work, how this research relates to making sense of what a robot ’sees’, creating data-driven models of robot social behavior, and development of robotic face personalities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Bias and accuracy in judging sexism in mixed-gender social interactions. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20 (6), S. 850-866. DOI: 10.1177/1368430216638530
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430216638530 Abstract: This research examined bias and accuracy in judging hostile and benevolent sexism during mixed-gender interactions. Bias is defined as underestimation or overestimation of a partner’s sexism. Accuracy is defined as covariation in two different ways, as (a) the strength of the association between a dyad member’s judgment and their partner’s sexism, across dyads, and (b) the ability to differentiate sexism between multiple targets. In Studies 1 and 2, members of mixed-gender dyads rated their own and their partners’ benevolent and hostile sexism. Overall, there was no covariation, across dyads, between perceptions and the partner’s self-reported sexism. However, women overestimated men’s hostile sexism; there was no evidence of biases for women judging men’s benevolent sexism. Men underestimated women’s hostile sexism and overestimated benevolent sexism. In Study 3, participants watched brief videos of male or female students (targets) from Study 1 and compl eted ben evolent or hostile sexism items for each target as they thought the target would fill them out. Accuracy for detecting sexism across multiple targets (using sensitivity correlations) was significantly above chance for both forms of sexism. Male and female participants were more accurate at detecting hostile sexism in male targets than female targets. Participants were more accurate at detecting benevolent sexism of same-gender targets than opposite-gender targets. When judging targets of opposite gender, women’s judgments were significantly above chance for both forms of sexism, but men were not accurate for either forms of sexism. These studies suggest that there is bias and accuracy in first impression judgments of sexism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Selbstsicherheit und soziale Kompetenz. Das Trainingsprogramm TSK mit Basis- und Aufbauübungen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta (Leben lernen, Nr. 284)
Abstract: Vorgestellt wird ein für Therapeuten und Klienten als gemeinsamer Leitfaden konzipiertes Trainingsprogramm zum Erwerb sozialer Kompetenz. In 30 Übungsszenen führt das Training durch alle wichtigen sozialen Situationen in graduierter Vorgehensweise. Die beiliegende DVD vertieft den Lernprozess mit Filmsequenzen. Der erste Teil richtet sich speziell an die Teilnehmer des Trainings. Die theoretischen Grundlagen des Sozialen Kompetenztrainings werden im zweiten - an die Therapeuten gerichteten Teil - dargelegt. - Inhalt: (1) Selbstsicherheit und soziale Kompetenz - Was ist das eigentlich? (2) Die Entstehung (Genese) und Aufrechterhaltung von sozialen Ängsten und sozialen Phobien. (3) Durchführung des TSK - Basisübungen - Aufbauübungen. (4) Informationen für Therapeuten.
Keywords: Gesundheit, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Intervention Program, Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling, self-assurance & social competence, Interventionsprogramm, klinische Psychologie, social anxiety, social interaction, SOCIAL PHOBIA, patients & therapists, Psychotherapie und psychotherapeutische Beratung, social situation, Social Skills, Social Skills Training, Soziale Angst, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Interaktion, Soziale Phobie, Soziales Kompetenztraining, Sozialtherapie, training program, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten -
(2016): Assessing the Moral Coherence and Moral Robustness of Social Systems. Proof of Concept for a Graphical Models Approach. In: Science and engineering ethics 22 (6), S. 1761-1779. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-015-9743-0
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689413 Abstract: This paper presents a proof of concept for a graphical models approach to assessing the moral coherence and moral robustness of systems of social interactions. "Moral coherence" refers to the degree to which the rights and duties of agents within a system are effectively respected when agents in the system comply with the rights and duties that are recognized as in force for the relevant context of interaction. "Moral robustness" refers to the degree to which a system of social interaction is configured to ensure that the interests of agents are effectively respected even in the face of noncompliance. Using the case of conscientious objection of pharmacists to filling prescriptions for emergency contraception as an example, we illustrate how a graphical models approach can help stakeholders identify structural weaknesses in systems of social interaction and evaluate the relative merits of alternate organizational structures. By illustrating the merits of a graphical models approach we hope to spur further developments in this area.
Keywords: Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Graphic model concerning "moral robustness" and "moral coherence", graphical models approach, Human Rights, Humans, Kommunikations-/Interaktionsprinzipien, machine learning, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Models, Theoretical, Moral, moral agents, moralische Gesetze, moralische Kohärenz, moralische Robustheit, Moralphilosophie, Morals, non/compliance, Philosophie, Respektieren und Erfüllen von Interessen von Agenten, Respektieren von Rechten und Pflichten von Agenten, Social Environment, social interaction, Social Responsibility, Moraltheorie, soziale Interaktion, Soziale Angemessenheit, strukturelle Schwächen in sozialen Systemen, Technikphilosophie, Überblick -
(2016): Development of a socially interactive system with whole-body movements for BHR-4. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 8 (2), S. 183-192. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y Abstract: For a long time, humans have been communicating with others through voice, facial expressions, and body movements. If a humanoid robot has a human-habitual, natural, and human-like interactive form, it tends to be accepted by humans. To date, the majority of the existing humanoid robots have had difficulty in interacting with humans in a human-like way. This study focuses on this issue and develops a socially interactive system for enhancing the natural communication ability of a humanoid robot. The system, which is implemented in an android robot, BHR-4, features hearing, voice conversation, and facial and body emotional expression capabilities. Then, a full-body social motion planner for a humanoid robot is presented. The objective of this planner is to control the whole-body motion of the robot in a way similar to that of humans. Finally, experiments are conducted on the robot regarding its interactions with humans in a pure indoor environment. It is expected that the socially interactive system can enhance the natural communication ability of an android robot. The results of the experiments show that the combination of verbal behavior with facial expressions and body movements is better than verbal behavior alone, verbal behavior combined with facial expressions, or verbal behavior combined with body movements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Self-Regulation and Power. How Self-Regulatory Failures Can Enhance Social Power. In: Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10 (1), S. 41-49. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12228 Abstract: Low self‐control is often associated with poor life outcomes. Here, we propose that self‐control failures may also provide social benefits by signaling and maintaining power. We identify several pathways by which reduced self‐control can assist in ascending social hierarchies. First, the self‐enhancing tendencies adopted by people with low self‐control may contribute to making positive first impressions and advertising power to new acquaintances. The direct and disinhibited communication styles that stem from self‐control failures may also enhance power and lubricate difficult social interactions. Disinhibited aggression can help people maintain and acquire material resources and establish dominance over rivals. Finally, the parallels between the behavior of people with low self‐control and people with power (e.g., self‐enhancement, disinhibition, approach‐orientation, aggression) suggest that people with impaired self‐control will be perceived as more powerfu l than people with intact self‐control. Evidence for these propositions and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Long-term assessment of a service robot in a hotel environment. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 79, S. 40-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.014 Abstract: The long term evaluation of the Sacarino robot is presented in this paper. The study is aimed to improve the robot‘s capabilities as a bellboy in a hotel; walking alongside the guests, providing information about the city and the hotel and providing hotel-related services. The paper establishes a three-stage assessment methodology based on the continuous measurement of a set of metrics regarding navigation and interaction with guests. Sacarino has been automatically collecting information in a real hotel environment for long periods of time. The acquired information has been analyzed and used to improve the robot’s operation in the hotel through successive refinements. Some interesting considerations and useful hints for the researchers of service robots have been extracted from the analysis of the results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): From participatory sense-making to language. There and back again. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 14 (4), S. 1089-1125. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-014-9404-9
Abstract: The enactive approach to cognition distinctively emphasizes autonomy, adaptivity, agency, meaning, experience, and interaction. Taken together, these principles can provide the new sciences of language with a comprehensive philosophical framework: languaging as adaptive social sense-making. This is a refinement and advancement on Maturana's idea of languaging as a manner of living. Overcoming limitations in Maturana's initial formulation of languaging is one of three motivations for this paper. Another is to give a response to skeptics who challenge enactivism to connect "lower-level" sense-making with "higher-order" sophisticated moves like those commonly ascribed to language. Our primary goal is to contribute a positive story developed from the enactive account of social cognition, participatory sense-making. This concept is put into play in two different philosophical models, which respectively chronicle the logical and ontogenetic development of languaging as a particular form of social agency. Languaging emerges from the interplay of coordination and exploration inherent in the primordial tensions of participatory sense-making between individual and interactive norms; it is a practice that transcends the self-other boundary and enables agents to regulate self and other as well as interaction couplings. Linguistic sense-makers are those who negotiate interactive and internalized ways of meta-regulating the moment-to-moment activities of living and cognizing. Sense-makers in enlanguaged environments incorporate sensitivities, roles, and powers into their unique yet intelligible linguistic bodies. We dissolve the problematic dichotomies of high/low, online/offline, and linguistic/nonlinguistic cognition, and we provide new boundary criteria for specifying languaging as a prevalent kind of human social sense-making.
Keywords: Dialectical expansion model, Disziplin, enactive model of cognition and social sense-making/agency, Interaktion, interdisziplinär, Linguistic bodies, Linguistic sensitivities and powers, Normen, Participatory sense-making, Philosophie, Sinnzuweisung, social interaction, soziale Kognition, Wheel of languaging -
(2015): Who Attains Status?. Similarities and Differences Across Social Contexts. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 6 (6), S. 692-700. DOI: 10.1177/1948550615580171
Abstract: Informal groups form hierarchies and allocate social status in order to coordinate action and make collective decisions. Although researchers have identified characteristics of people who tend to get status, the extent to which these characteristics are context-dependent is unclear. In two studies, participants from the United States (N = 157) and Germany (N = 95) engaged in affiliative or competitive group interactions. We investigated whether the nature of the group's task moderated the relationship between status attainment and personality. As in previous research, it was found that extraversion predicted status in both competitive and affiliative contexts. In contrast, agreeableness was only associated with status in affiliative contexts. These findings underscore the importance of examining the relationship between personality and social status in context. zitiert von 11
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(2015): In the moral eye of the beholder. The interactive effects of leader and follower moral identity on perceptions of ethical leadership and LMX quality. In: Frontiers in psychology 6. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01126
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300820 Abstract: Previous research indicated that leader moral identity (MI; i.e., leaders' self-definition in terms of moral attributes) predicts to what extent followers perceive their leader as ethical (i.e., demonstrating and promoting ethical conduct in the organization). Leadership, however, is a relational process that involves leaders and followers. Building on this understanding, we hypothesized that follower and leader MI (a) interact in predicting whether followers will perceive their leaders as ethical and, as a result, (b) influence followers' perceptions of leader-follower relationship quality. A dyadic field study (N = 101) shows that leader MI is a stronger predictor of followers' perceptions of ethical leadership for followers who are high (vs. low) in MI. Perceptions of ethical leadership in turn predict how the quality of the relationship will be perceived. Hence, whether leader MI translates to perceptions of ethical leadership and of better relationship quality depends on the MI of followers. zitiert von: 10
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(2015): Nonverbal and Verbal Expressions of Men’s Sexism in Mixed-Gender Interactions. In: Sex Roles 72 (5-6), S. 252-261. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0451-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0451-7 Abstract: This study examined the nonverbal and verbal expressions of hostile and benevolent sexism. Hostile sexism is sexist antipathy and benevolent sexism is a chivalrous belief that women are warm yet incompetent. We predicted that hostile sexist men would display less affiliative expressions but benevolent sexist men would display more affiliative expressions during mixed-gender interactions. Twenty-seven pairs of U.S. male and female undergraduates from a private university in New England participated in this study. These mixed-gender dyads participated in two social interactions: a structured trivia game followed by an unstructured conversation period. During the trivia game, men with more benevolent sexism were perceived to be more patient overall when waiting for the woman to answer the trivia questions. Furthermore, we examined the men’s nonverbal and verbal expressions during the unstructured interaction—naïve raters made impression ratings of the men’s nonverbal and verb al behavior, and trained coders counted the frequency of specific nonverbal cues (e.g., smiles). A word count software was used for verbal content analysis. As predicted, more hostile sexism was associated with less affiliative nonverbal and verbal expressions (e.g., less approachable, less friendly, and less smiling), but more benevolent sexism was associated with more affiliative nonverbal and verbal expressions (e.g., more approachable, more likely to smile, and more positive word usage). The effects held after controlling for men’s personality traits and partners’ nonverbal behavior. Differential behavioral expressions of benevolent and hostile sexism have theoretical importance as we can examine how sexism maintains the status quo at the interpersonal level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 17