Alle Publikationen
2017
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(2017): Social interaction contexts bias the perceived expressions of interactants. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 567-571. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000257
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191995 Abstract: The present study sought to determine whether contextual information available when viewing social interactions from third-person perspectives may influence observers' perception of the interactants' facial emotion. Observers judged whether the expression of a target face was happy or fearful, in the presence of a happy, aggressive, or neutral interactant. In 2 experiments, the same target expressions were judged to be happier when presented in the context of a happy interactant than when interacting with a neutral or aggressive partner. We failed to show that the target expression was judged as more fearful when interacting with an aggressive partner. Importantly, observers' perception of the target expression was not modulated by the emotion of the context interactant when the interactants were presented back-to-back, suggesting that the bias depends on the presence of an intact interaction arrangement. These results provide valuable insight into how social contextual effects shape our perception of facial emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 2
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(2017): Ethics in Robotics Research: CERNA Mission and Context. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 24 (3), S. 139-145. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586 Abstract: This article summarizes the recommendations concerning robotics as issued by the Commission for the Ethics of Research in Information Sciences and Technologies (CERNA), the French advisory commission for the ethics of information and communication technology (ICT) research. Robotics has numerous applications in which its role can be overwhelming and may lead to unexpected consequences. In this rapidly evolving technological environment, CERNA does not set novel ethical standards but seeks to make ethical deliberation inseparable from scientific activity. Additionally, it provides tools and guidance for researchers and research institutions.
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(2017): 66 Gebote systemischen Denkens und Handelns in Management und Beratung. 1. Auflage. Heidelberg, Neckar: Carl-Auer Verlag GmbH (Management)
Abstract: In Form von 66 Geboten werden kurze, kompakte Anleitungen und Anregungen zum systemischen Denken und Handeln in Management und Beratung gegeben. Die Gebote sind als Irritationen konzipiert. Sie sollen dazu anregen, den komplexen, unübersichtlichen Alltag der Beratung und des Managements ein wenig "anders" zu sehen. Die Gebote zeigen auf, was es heißt, "in Systemen zu denken", wie Führung und Management zu verstehen sind und wie man unter Beobachtung systemischer Interventionsprinzipien Veränderungen initiieren kann. Zehn Gebote betreffen jeweils eins der sechs Themenfelde "Erkenntnis", "soziale Systeme", "Organisation", "Führung", "Interventionstheorie", "Interventionsprinzipien". Die verbleibenden sechs Gebote verkörpern grundlegende systemische Ideen und Prinzipien. Jedes Gebot ist mit einer passenden Illustration versehen. - Inhalt: (1) Zehn Gebote zur systemischen Erkenntnismethode. (2) Zehn Gebote zum Denken in sozialen Systemen. (3) Zehn Thesen zur Organisation. (4) Zehn Thesen zu Management und Führung. (5) Zehn Thesen zur Interventionstheorie. (6) Zehn Thesen zu nützlichen Interventionsstrategien und -prinzipien. (7) Grundlegende systemische Ideen und Prinzipien. zitiert von 5
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(2017): Fight and flight. A multilevel analysis of facework strategies in intercultural face-threatening acts. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 58, S. 69-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.04.008
Abstract: This study investigates facework strategies of managing face-threatening acts in intercultural interactions where communicators' cultural backgrounds are different from each other. Based on a pre-study with U.S. (n = 89) and Chinese (n = 76) college students, four scenarios featuring intercultural face-threatening acts were developed, where a Chinese student communicated politely and appropriately according to the Chinese culture, but the exact same act was considered otherwise in U.S. culture. In the main study, U.S. college students (N = 217) were given these scenarios and asked to report the general level of face needs, perceived face threats, and facework strategies in each scenario. Multilevel analyses (i.e., Hierarchical Linear Modeling) were employed to parse out the different levels of influence in order to understand both separate and joint impacts of situational face threats and individual face needs on facework strategies. Results showed that: 1) intercultural communicators use both mitigating (i.e., fleeing) and aggravating (i.e., fighting) facework strategies, and a slight preference is given to mitigating strategies; 2) facework strategies are more sensitive to particular situational conditions than to individual dispositions; and 3) individuals' value for others' face moderates the relationship between situational conditions and facework strategies. The current study provides empirical evidence of challenges in establishing meaningful intercultural relationships by identifying the multiple levels of impact on facework strategies in intercultural communication. Further discussion and implications of the findings are also included.
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(2017): Promises and reservations towards science and technology among South African publics. A culture-sensitive approach. In: Public understanding of science (Bristol, England). DOI: 10.1177/0963662517693453
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298580 Abstract: Against the background that surveys measuring public perceptions of science and technology are often removed from cultural contexts and do not equally represent all regions of the world, this study investigated attitudes towards science and technology among different publics of the South African population. To apply a culture-sensitive approach, theoretical considerations of cultural distance were combined with methodological considerations of segmentation studies, and representative data ( n = 3183) were reanalysed. The findings show that six South African publics can be distinguished, and that - despite the fact that all publics see more promises of science than reservations - there tend to be sensitive differences between these publics. In the long run, such findings might help to make science communication more effective.
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(2017): Sociality and Normativity for Robots. Philosophical Inquiries into Human-Robot Interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4867905
Abstract: This volume offers eleven philosophical investigations into our futurerelations with social robots--robots that are specially designed to engage andconnect with human beings.The contributors present cutting edge research thatexamines whether, and on which terms, robots can become members ofhuman societies. Can our relations to robots be said to be 'social'?Can robots enter into normative relationships with human beings? Howwill human social relations change when we interact with robots atwork and at home?The authors of this volume explore these questions from theperspective of philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, androbotics. The first three chapters offer a taxonomy for the classificationof simulated social interactions, investigate whether human socialinteractions with robots can be genuine, and discuss the significanceof social relations for the formation of human individuality.Subsequent chapters clarify whether robots could be said to actuallyfollow social norms, whether they could live up to the socialmeaning of care in caregiving professions, and how we will need toprogram robots so that they can negotiate the conventions of humansocial space and collaborate with humans. Can we perform jointactions with robots, where both sides need to honour commitments, andhow will such new commitments and practices change our regionalcultures?The authors connect research in social robotics andempirical studies in Human-Robot Interaction to recent debates insocial ontology, social cognition, as well as ethics and philosophy oftechnology.The book is a response to the challenge that social robotics presentsfor our traditional conceptions of social interaction, whichpresuppose such essential capacities as consciousness, intentionality,agency, and normative understanding. The authors develop insightfulanswers along new interdisciplinarypathways in 'robophilosophy,' a new research area that will help us toshape the 'robot revolution,' the distinctive technological change ofthe beginning 21st century. Raul Hakli (PhD) studied philosophy and computer science at theUniversity of Helsinki, Finland. He received his PhD in theoreticalphilosophy in 2010. While editing the book he was Associate Professorat the Aarhus University, Denmark. Currently he works as a researcherat the University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests includesocial ontology, collective intentionality, epistemology, philosophyof social robotics, and philosophy of the social sciences. Johanna Seibt (PhD. at the Univ of Pittsburg, USA; Dr. phil. habil. atthe Univ of Konstanz, Germany) is Professor for Applied ProcessOntology and Integrative Social Robotics, Aarhus University, Denmark;previously she taught at the Univ of Texas at Austin, USA. Her mainresearch area is in analytical ontology and metaphysics. More recentlyshe works also in philosophy of social robotics. She is head of theResearch Unit for Robophilosophy at the School for Culture and Society, Aarhus University, which conducts interdisciplinaryHumanities research of and in social robotics and coordinates theinternational Research Network for Transdisciplinary Studies in SocialRobotics (TRANSOR).
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(2017): The human element: Social leveraging of user engagement with assisted living technology. In: Interacting with Computers 29 (3), S. 438-454
Abstract: Research into user engagement with assisted living technology (ALT) has investigated design issues including usability, functionality and aesthetics; looked at user attitude and acceptance research; and examined social factors including the need to create ALT which appropriately supports the relationship between users and service providers. Based on an empirical case study of older persons’ independent living services offered by a large UK housing provider, we propose that there is a further, key dimension of ALT user engagement: social leveraging. We show how user engagement with key ALT including personal pendant alarms, pull cords and intercoms is shaped and supported in important ways by the ongoing social interaction of residents and skilled staff at independent living schemes. We discuss implications of social leveraging for reconsidering the importance of human resource as part of independent living services, during a time of transition to new technological models, and in light of current funding and organizational priorities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017) : Sexism in Intimate Contexts. How Romantic Relationships Help Explain the Origins, Functions, and Consequences of Sexist Attitudes In: Sibley, Chris G.; Barlow, Fiona Kate (Hg.): The Cambridge handbook of the psychology of prejudice: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 321-343
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316161579.014 Abstract: In this chapter, we take a look at the central role that dynamics within romantic relationships play in the emergence, functions, and consequences of hostile and benevolent sexism toward women. We begin by examining men's endorsement of hostile and benevolent sexism. We first outline the difficulties that men's hostile sexism creates in romantic relationships and consider how these deficits necessitate benevolent sexism. We then consider the ways men's benevolent sexism functions within intimate relationships to facilitate men's intimacy needs while maintaining and promoting their power. In the second half of the chapter, we turn to women's endorsement of benevolent and hostile sexism. We review evidence showing that the relationship structure promised by benevolent sexism is appealing to women but has harmful personal and relationship consequences for them. We then offer a more speculative account of the role and impact of women's endorsement of hostile sexism. At the en d of the chapter, we consider other ways in which relationship processes can inform our understanding of sexist attitudes toward women and outline important future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): From imitation to implementation. How two- and three-year-old children learn to enforce social norms (PSYNDEXalert). In: The British Journal of Developmental Psychology 35 (2)
Abstract: Young children enforce social norms from early on, but little research has examined how this enforcement behaviour emerges. This study investigated whether observing an adult's norm enforcement influences children's own enforcement of that norm compared with observing an action demonstration without enforcement. Additionally, children experienced enforcement either following their own (second‐party) or a third‐party's transgression (N = 120). Results revealed that observing enforcement increased two‐ and three‐year‐old children's protest against the sanctioned action regardless of second‐ or third‐party context. However, only three‐year‐olds generalized their enforcement to a novel action not matching the norm, whereas two‐year‐olds only protested against the previously sanctioned action. Importantly, without any enforcement demonstration, two‐year‐olds rarely protested at all while three‐year‐olds did so quite frequently. Thus, providing an opportunity to imitate enforcement seems to give rise to enforcement behaviour in two‐year‐olds while three‐year‐olds already understand normative implications following a variety of cues and even apply norm enforcement without any demonstration of how to do it.
Keywords: Entwicklungspsychologie, Normen -
(2017): From imitation to implementation: How two- and three-year-old children learn to enforce social norms. In: British Journal of Developmental Psychology 35 (2), S. 237-248. DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12159
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(2017): The effect of reactive emotions expressed in response to another's anger on inferences of social power. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 717-727. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000262 Abstract: Social perception of emotions is influenced by the context in which it occurs. One such context is a social interaction involving an exchange of emotions. The way parties to the interaction are perceived is shaped by the combination of emotions exchanged. This idea was examined by assessing the extent to which expressions of anger toward a target-which, in isolation, are perceived as signals of high social power-are influenced by the target's emotional reaction to it (i.e., reactive emotions). Three studies show that the angry person was perceived as having a higher level of social power when this anger was responded by fear or sadness than when it was responded by neutrality or anger. Study 1 indicated that reactive emotions have a stronger effect on perceived social power when emotions were incongruent with gender stereotypes. Study 2 indicated that these effects are a result of these emotions serving as reactive emotions rather than a benchmark against which the angry person's power is assessed. Study 3 showed that reactive emotions affect perceived social power by serving as signals of the level to which the high social power suggested by the first person's expression is confirmed by its target. Comparing effects of reactive emotions to anger with reactive emotions to sadness, showed that perceived social power of the expresser is determined by the nature of the expression, with some adjustment caused by the reactive emotions. This underscores the importance of social interaction as a context for the social perception of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2017): Neutralitat und Allparteilichkeit oder. Was hat denn das mit Haltung zu tun? Ein uberaus personlicher Blick. In: Zeitschrift fur systemische Therapie und Beratung 35 (2), S. 72-74
Abstract: Aus personlicher Perspektive wird ein Blick auf die systemische Haltung zwischen Werten und Allparteilichkeit geworfen. Basierend auf Erfahrungen aus der Praxis beraterisch-therapeutischer Arbeit wird die zentrale Bedeutung einer Unterscheidung zwischen Respekt gegenuber dem Anderen und der Akzeptanz seiner Handlungen oder Einstellungen verdeutlicht. Daruber hinaus wird auf die Auseinandersetzung mit den Grunden des Gegenubers fur Verhalten, die damit verbundene Offenheit fur den Dialog und die Subjektivitat der eigenen Uberzeugungen und Werte eingegangen.
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Harkins, Stephen G.; Williams, Kipling D.; Burger, Jerry M. (Hg.) (2017): The Oxford handbook of social influence. New York: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology)
Abstract: "The study of social influence has been central to social psychology since its inception. In fact, research on social influence predated the coining of the term social psychology. Its influence continued through the 1960s, when it made seminal contributions to the beginning of social psychology's golden age. However, by the mid-1980s, interest in this area waned, while at the same time, and perhaps not coincidentally, interest in social cognition waxed. Now the pendulum is swinging back, as seen in growing interest in non-cognitive, motivational accounts. The Oxford Handbook of Social Influence will contribute to a resurgence of interest in social influence that will restore it to its once preeminent position. Written by leading scholars, the chapters cover a variety of topics related to social influence, incorporating a range of levels of analysis (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intragroup) and both source (the influencers) and target (the influenced) effects. The volume also examines theories that are most relevant to social influence, as well as social influence in applied settings. The chapters contribute to the renaissance of interest in social influence by showing that it is time to reexamine classic topics in social influence; by illustrating how integrations/elaborations that advance our understanding of social influence processes are now possible; by revealing gaps in the social influence literature; and by suggesting future lines of research. Perhaps the most important of these lines of work will take into account the change from traditional social influence that occurs face-to-face to social media-mediated influence that is likely to characterize many of our interactions in the future"--The publisher.
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(2017): The relationship between emotional and social intelligence and conflict management behavior in leadership. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the relationship between emotional and social intelligence (ESI) and the conflict management behavior (CMB) of lower level members of management or managers in training in a public sector organization in a country in the British Caribbean. The instruments that were utilized were SPSS, the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal-Me Version , and the Conflict Dynamic Profile-Individual (CDP-I). In all cases, due to non-normality, Spearman's rho was used in order to test the five hypotheses incorporated within this study. The Spearman rho, which is also known as the Pearson correlation coefficient between ranked variables, is a nonparametric measure of statistical dependence between variables, which assesses how well the relationship between the independent variable of ESI and the dependent variable of CMB, can be described through the employment of a monotonic function. The results of this research highlighted the influence that the emotional & social intelligence of a leader may have on his or her ability to manage interpersonal conflict between subordinates effectively, and to display personalized deliberations that move toward the reduction of workplace conflict. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Justifying Deviant Behavior. The Role of Attributions and Moral Emotions. In: Journal of Business Ethics 141 (4), S. 779-795. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-016-3046-5
Abstract: We present two studies investigating the impact of causal perceptions and the moral emotions of anger, shame, and guilt on the justification of deviant workplace behavior. Study 1 tests our conceptual framework using a sample of undergraduate business students; Study 2 examines a population of practicing physicians. Results varied significantly between the two samples, suggesting that individual and contextual factors play an important role in shaping the perceptual and emotional processes by which individuals form reactions to undesirable affective workplace events. Implications of these findings for the study of ethics, emotions, and attributions, as well as for promoting ethical behavior, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 9
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(2017): Real-time gesture translation in intercultural communication. In: AI & Society 32 (1), S. 25-35. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-014-0573-4
Abstract: Nonverbal behavior plays a crucial role in human communication and often leads to misunderstandings between people from different cultures, even if they speak the same language fluently. While translation systems are available for verbal communication, translators for nonverbal communication do not exist yet. We present the conceptual design and an early prototype of a real-time gesture translator using body tracking and gesture recognition in avatar-mediated intercultural interactions. It contributes to the ambitious goal of bridging between cultures by translating culture-specific gestures to enhance mutual understanding. Possible applications of the gesture translator are discussed as a facilitating tool for global business meetings and as a means of technology-enhanced conflict resolution and prevention.
Keywords: body tracking, Computerwissenschaft, Cultural interaction, culture specific, Disziplin, Gestik, Gestik/Mimik, gesture, Interaktion, Kommunikation, kulturspezifisch, Kulturtheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nonverbal behaviour, Nonverbales Verhalten, Personenerkennung, Realtechnik, real-time gesture translation, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, translators for nonverbal communication -
(2017): Engineering the emergence of norms. A review. In: The Knowledge Engineering Review 32. DOI: 10.1017/S0269888917000169
Abstract: Complex systems often exhibit emergent behaviour, unexpected macro-level behaviour caused by the interaction of micro-level components. In multiagent systems, these micro-level components may be autonomous agents and the emergent behaviour may be expressed as norms-patterns of behaviour that arise among the agents in response to their environment and each other. These emergent norms may be beneficial (e.g. by encouraging cooperative behaviour), or detrimental, but in either case it is useful to recognize these norms as they emerge and either encourage or discourage their establishment. We term this process engineering the emergence of norms and have identified three steps: the identification of a possible norm, evaluation of its benefit and its encouragement (or discouragement). This paper is an attempt to provide a survey of existing research related to these steps. We also provide an analysis of the approaches based upon their suitability for a variety of normative systems: we examine the requirements for agents to have autonomy over their choice of norms, the degree of observability required in the system, and the norm enforcement methods. The paper concludes with an discussion of open issues.
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(2017): Can only one person be right? The development of objectivism and social preferences regarding widely shared and controversial moral beliefs. In: Cognition 167, S. 78-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.05.014
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27260661 Abstract: Prior work has established that children and adults distinguish moral norms (e.g., hitting is wrong) from conventional norms (e.g., wearing pajamas to school is wrong). Specifically, moral norms are generally perceived as universal across time and space, similar to objective facts. We examined preschoolers’ and adults’ perceptions of moral beliefs alongside facts and opinions by asking whether only one person could be right in the case of disagreements. We also compared perceptions of widely shared moral beliefs (e.g., whether it is better to pull someone’s hair or share with someone) and controversial moral beliefs (e.g., whether it is better to help someone with a project or make cookies for someone). In Studies 1 and 2, preschoolers and adults were more likely to judge that only one person could be right in the case of widely shared versus controversial moral beliefs, treating the former as more objective or fact-like. Children were also more likely than adults t o say th at only one person could be right in a moral disagreement. Study 2 additionally revealed that adults were more likely than children to report preferring individuals who shared their controversial moral beliefs. Study 3 replicated these patterns using a different sample of widely shared beliefs (e.g., whether it is okay to mock a poor classmate) and controversial moral beliefs (e.g., whether it is okay to tell small, prosocial lies). While some aspects of moral cognition may depend on abundant social learning and cognitive development, the perception that disagreements about widely shared moral beliefs have only one right answer while disagreements about controversial moral beliefs do not emerges relatively early. We discuss implications for moral learning and social preferences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 10
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(2017) : Der face-Begriff im Schnittpunkt zwischen politeness und facework. Paradigmatische Überlegungen In: Ehrhardt, Claus; Neuland, Eva (Hg.): Sprachliche Höflichkeit: Historische, aktuelle und künftige Perspektiven: Tübingen, Germany: Narr Francke Attempto, S. 57-76
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(2017): Mittendrin oder nur dabei?. Zum Zusammenhang zwischen sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf und sozialer Partizipation von Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern. In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 31 (2), S. 111-123. DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000196
Abstract: Untersucht wurde das Ausmaß der sozialen Partizipation von Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern mit einem und ohne festgestelltem sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SPF). Insgesamt wurden 1.436 Schüler der 2. und 3. Jahrgangsstufe mittels Fragebögen zum peerbezogenen Klassenklima, zur Einschätzung der eigenen sozialen Integration, zum Gefühl des Angenommen-Seins durch die Lehrkraft und zur Anzahl ihrer Freundschaften befragt. Mithilfe des Propensity Score Matching-Verfahrens wurden den 91 Schülern mit einem festgestellten SPF in den Bereichen Lernen, emotionale und soziale Entwicklung oder Sprache basierend auf theoretisch und empirisch abgeleiteten Hintergrundvariablen statistische Zwillinge ohne SPF zugeordnet. Zu den Hintergrundvariablen zählten familiäre, leistungs- und verhaltensbezogene Merkmale. Der Vergleich der Schüler mit einem festgestellten SPF mit ihren statistischen Zwillingen ohne SPF lieferte keine Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Status eines SPF und der sozialen Partizipation. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext bisheriger Forschungsliteratur diskutiert.
Keywords: Pädagogische Psychologie, Soziale Teilhabe -
(2017): Social Behaviour. The Personalities of Groups. In: Current biology : CB 27 (18). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.042
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28950084 Abstract: A new study on stickleback provides a framework for understanding how the behaviour of individuals in groups, and the structure and movements of groups themselves, can be predicted from the personalities of individual group members.
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(2017) : Alternate Human Behavior In: Hermann, Henry R.: Dominance and aggression in humans and other animals: The great game of life: London, United Kingdom: Academic Press/Elsevier, S. 139-157
Abstract: Dominance interactions are found in all walks of life and at all levels of human existence. They may be powerful expressions that influence society in a positive or negative fashion (e.g., a political leader who genuinely cares about his or her constituents, versus a political psychopath who does as he or she pleases, sometimes destroying the lives of those who get in the way). On the other hand, they may be less-significant expressions; for example, simply winning at a competitive sport or game of cards. People who have an antisocial personality typically express their form of dominance in a more aggressive, sometimes violent fashion. The development of a sedentary lifestyle in humans led to the formation of larger groups and increased interrelationships, including individuals who were extra-familial. Most urban and suburban human societies continue in this fashion, while aboriginal societies either live in multifamily groups or have retained the earlier family-oriented groupings. Our predecessors learned that living in a large group was a more effective way of meeting material and spiritual needs, and it functioned as a better system of defense against threats. Unfortunately, opposing groups became larger as well, and their differences often led to altercations and mass killings. Existing in groups comes with certain responsibilities. Rules must be made (generally based on religious, moral, and political beliefs), and members of such a group are expected to become familiar with and practice behaviors that depict a social “norm.” While social norms vary, depending on the society to which an individual belongs, some members of a society are willing to abide by social rules while others are not. Those who do abide by the rules are considered part of the “norm,” while those who do not are said to express alternate behavior. Thus, human society is composed of a tremendous variety of individuals at both extremes and others who fit somewhere in between. They occupy different behavioral categories and different rungs within the linear and despotic dominance hierarchies that exist. It is often dominant individuals who influence the making of societal rules, and it is often dominant individuals who break them. In choosing rule-making leaders, we desire individuals who are morally selfless and possibly sometimes even altruistic. While this may happen on occasion, many individuals who make the rules have more materialistic or sadistic reasons for domination. Such individuals are accustomed to using deceit to influence their followers, and their deceitful mannerisms are often difficult to recognize. In rule making, dominant individuals (especially those who have an antisocial personality) often make rules that are not self-demanding and are often directly beneficial for the rule maker. Thus, it is a selfish attitude. In rule breaking, dominant individuals generally demonstrate an even more selfish approach as well. This chapter is about those people, people with personalities who desire to dominate others by aberrant means and do not care about what the consequences of their behavior are to others. In the minds of most of society, they are the social outcasts, bullies, burglars, corporate and identity thieves, abusers, murderers, and rapists that every society must contend with. Many people who demonstrate behaviors other than the “norm” do not precisely fit descriptions of antisocial personalities, and there are no definite lines of demarcation separating one group from another. Rather, there is a gradation of personalities from one end of the scale to the other, a bell curve of personalities, if you will. While many people are perfectly comfortable in following societal rules, some people choose to isolate themselves from society by not becoming involved, separating themselves from other individuals and societal functions. They practice what has been described as an asocial way of life. Types of sociopaths, mental illness, personality disorders, psychopathic behavior, antisocial personality disorders, love, respect, falling out of love, stalking, tolerance, adultery, hatred, hate groups, and other forms of alternate behavior complete the chapter.
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Hermann, Henry R. (2017): Dominance and aggression in humans and other animals. The great game of life. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press/Elsevier
Abstract: Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals: The Great Game of Life examines human nature and the influence of evolution, genetics, chemistry, nurture, and the sociopolitical environment as a way of understanding how and why humans behave in aggressive and dominant ways.ïŽ The book walks us through aggression in other social species, compares and contrasts human behavior to other animals, and then explores specific human behaviors like bullying, abuse, territoriality murder, and war.ïŽ The book examines both individual and group aggression in different environments including work, school, and the home.ïŽ It explores common stressors triggering aggressive behaviors, and how individual personalities can be vulnerable to, or resistant to, these stressors.ïŽ The book closes with an exploration of the cumulative impact of human aggression and dominance on the natural world
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(2017) : Entwicklungspsychologie In: Köhle, Karl; Herzog, Wolfgang; Joraschky, Peter; Kruse, Johannes (Hg.): Psychosomatische Medizin: Theoretische Modelle und klinische Praxis: 8. Auflage: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 209-216
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(2017): Familiarity, Priming, and Perception in Similarity Judgments. In: Cognitive Science 41 (6), S. 1450-1484. DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12418
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766669 Abstract: We present a novel way of accounting for similarity judgments. Our approach posits that similarity stems from three main sources-familiarity, priming, and inherent perceptual likeness. Here, we explore each of these constructs and demonstrate their individual and combined effectiveness in explaining similarity judgments. Using these three measures, our account of similarity explains ratings of simple, color-based perceptual stimuli that display asymmetry effects, as well as more complicated perceptual stimuli with structural properties; more traditional approaches to similarity solve one or the other and have difficulty accounting for both. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of each of these components of similarity in explaining similarity judgments, both individually and together, and suggests important implications for other similarity approaches. zitiert von 6